European Indo Proto European Indo Natural Languages Linguistics

European

English, Spanish, Russian and Hindi, just to take four common examples, are languages that can be derived from a common ancestor. This ancestor is usually called Proto-Indo-European (PIE). The web pages collected in this category are concerned with one or several aspects of the study of PIE. This is a multi-disciplinary area. Linguists are interested in the reconstructed phonology, grammar and vocabulary of PIE. Archaeologists and historians debate the question of where and when PIE was spoken, and which archaeological culture can be identified with its speakers. Finally, ethnographers and scholars of comparative religion wonder about the culture and religion of these speakers, as reconstructable from the myths and religions of known Indo-European-speaking peoples, and from the archaeological sites associated with them.

• Top/Science/Social Sciences/Linguistics/Historical Linguistics/Proto-Language

• - A light-hearted discussion of Indo-European and other linguistics topics, from the staff in the Linguistics Program at Bucknell University (Lewisburg, PA, USA).
  
• - Basic overview of the Indo-European language family, with particular attention to its major members. From the College of Liberal and Fine Arts (COLFA) at the University of Texas at San Antonio.
  
• - Detailed description of the archaeological findings associated with the "Kurgan culture", a 5th-3th millennium BC civilization north of the Black Sea, whose inhabitants are widely thought to have been the speakers of Proto-Indo-European (PIE). I
  
• - Survey of the author's ideas about Proto Indo-European phonetics and grammar.
  
• - Article by Indo-European scholar Calver Watkins, providing a survey of Indo-European linguistics, and how this field of study sheds light on the homeland of the first speakers of Indo-European. [From The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Languag
  
• - Comprehensive listing of the approx. 600 Indo-European roots that have derivatives in English, with links to the corresponding entries in the online edition of the "American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition" (2000).
  
• - Ambitious project based at the Leiden University (The Netherlands). It contains etymological data for some individual Indo-European (IE) languages, as well as for some branches of the family.
  
• - A rather heterogeneous site, containing material on the history of the Illyrian language, and on the putative origins of Albanian and Avar. However, it also contains the totality of Pokorny's Indo-European Etymological Dictionary, with some corrections, a
  
• - A good, if rather brief, overview of the Proto-Indo-European language, with outlines of some of its daughter branches. The author is Marisa Lohr, a Research Fellow at Trinity College, University of Cambridge (England).
  
• - Web version of a doctoral thesis by Hans-Joachim Alscher concerning the origin of the Indo-European nominal declension and gender systems. Includes a discussion of the possible relationship between the Indo-European and Afro-Asiatic language families.
  
• - Journal article by Jonathan Adams and Marcel Otte scheduled to be published in "Current Anthropology" that challenges the dominant theory placing Indo-European dispersal in the Bronze Age.
  
• - Site under constant development by staff of the Department of Comparative Linguistics at Leiden University (The Netherlands). Brief description of Proto-Indo-European and of its branches. The site contains a very extensive Bibliography, classified by bran
  
• - Scholarly article by Frederik Kortlandt on the dating of the spreading of the Indo-Europeans based on information obtained from both linguistic and archaeological research.
  
  

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