Smoking Women\'s Health

Smoking

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• - Fact sheet from the Center for Disease Control (CDC).
  
• - Recent research finds that cigarettes cause more disease in women.
  
• - Themes of Women's Liberation in American Cigarette Advertising; a paper presented at the Southwest / Texas Popular Culture Association Convention. In PDF.
  
• - "Cigarette smoking is not only harmful to an individual. It is particularly detrimental during the reproductive period, when it may not only harm the unborn child, but may also damage the reproductive capacity of the next generation."
  
• - Congressional testimony on why women's magazines, while reporting widely on health topics, have a near complete lack of coverage on smoking.
  
• - Summary of recent research.
  
• - WHO report. Women as the tobacco industry sees them; health effects of tobacco specific to women; women's brands and 'light' cigarettes.
  
• - Matched Birth and Death Certificate data tell a grim tale, and a short discussion gives the story behind the data.
  
• - Written by women for women; explores some of the problems women must overcome to quit smoking, or to reduce the amount they smoke. Also explores why women smoke as well as ways to cope and relax without smoking.
  
• - Short paper on women and tobacco; tobacco promotion to women and girls; global impact of tobacco on women; recommendations for action.
  
• - Smoking increases your risk of cervical and rectal cancer; worsens your period; damages your fertility; hurts your unborn baby; ages you; attacks your heart.
  
• - ASH-UK Factsheet covers smoking and cervical cancer, fertility, pregnancy, menopause, oral contraceptives, fetal growth and birth weight, spontaneous abortion, complications of pregnancy, perinatal mortality, secondhand smoke and pregnancy, children's hea
  
• - Pamphlet from the Partnership for Smoking or Health (Missouri health group).
  
• - Women's Cancer Network explains why the lower tar and nicotine numbers are misleading, the cigarettes are designed to trick the smoking machines, and light cigarettes are no less lethal.
  
• - Information on how much harm tobacco products cause during and after pregnancy.
  
• - Follow-up to earlier ACSH research finds women's magazines still give little or no coverage to lung cancer or other health effects of smoking, and still take plenty of cigarette ads, and still dispense plenty of other health advice.
  
• - Factsheet, all sources cited; tobacco industry promotion to women; smoking and women's health.
  
• - Leslie Nuchow began Virginia SLAM! as a counter movement against the Virginia Slims record label, Woman Thing Music. Virginia SLAM! produced two SLAM! concerts in 1997 and 1998, featuring the Indigo Girls and Shawn Mullins that focused on keeping the tob
  
• - From the National Women's Health Information Center.
  
• - Znet article surveys tobacco industry marketing to women in the US and worldwide.
  
• - Benefits of quitting for you and your baby, resources that will help you quit smoking and stay quit, and how to contact Smoke-Free Families.
  
• - Report in PDF format from the American Medical Students Association on tobacco marketing, tobacco use, and women.
  
• - National Women's Health Information Center provides information and resources to empower women and girls, and the people they love, to gain independence from smoking.
  
• - Secondhand smoke causes decreased lung function in women, especially women with asthma, according to a recent study.
  
• - Oxygen.com describes tobacco industry use of images of thin, liberated women, enjoying an active, love-filled life, to get women to smoke.
  
• - ABC News article provides a quick summary of the long history.
  
• - Chapter in a book on smoking in Australia.
  
• - A 2001 report of the U.S. Surgeon General which includes patterns of tobacco used among women, graphs, statistical data, how to quit, state information, links.
  
• - Research concludes that "cigarette advertising in magazines is associated with diminished coverage of the hazards of smoking. This is particularly true for magazines directed to women."
  
• - According to recent research.
  
• - Dr. Susan Stewart gives the trends, the outcomes, and your personal options in ordinary language.
  
• - The National Coalition FOR Women AGAINST Tobacco reports that advertising that targets women and girls has actually increased since the tobacco settlement.
  
• - A collection of cigarette ads targetting women, from a gallery of cigarette ads.
  
• - Book chapter explores tobacco industry promotion worldwide targeting women.
  
• - Dr. Elizabeth Whelan reviewed 13 magazines across 5 months, and finds they emphasize nonexistent or trivial health risks, while largely overlooking major causes of disease, particularly smoking.
  
• - Book review of book of same title.
  
• - Collection of articles on tobacco impacts on women.
  
• - Founded in 1990 by women tobacco control leaders to address the complex issues of tobacco use among women and young girls.
  
• - Washington Post article examines why women's groups say little about the leading cause of preventable death among women; one factor covered is tobacco industry money accepted by women's groups.
  
• - Campaign For Tobacco-Free Kids backgrounder covers cigarette promotions targeting women and girls. In PDF.
  
• - Factsheet from the American Lung Association. How the industry targets girls in its advertising and promotion; what results it has gotten.
  
• - Women are twice as likely to develop an untreatable form of lung cancer than men, according to the UK's biggest lung cancer study.
  
• - CDC pamphlet covers history of cigarette advertising strategies, current advertising strategies, sponsorships and promotions, and global advertising strategies.
  
• - Factsheets on tobacco and congenital anomalies, fertility and menopause, general effects, miscarriage, and low birth weight.
  
• - Chapter from a book by the British Medical Association examines women and smoking.
  
• - "For women approaching midlife, smoking cessation is the single most important change you can make to enhance your life expectancy." Collection of articles on smoking and quitting for women.
  
• - Current and historical trends documented from a book on tobacco.
  
• - Recent research finds Zyban is more effective than nicotine patches or gum for women quitting smoking.
  
• - The marked increase in the number of women who die each year from tobacco products has led the surgeon general to call smoking-related disease among women a full-blown epidemic.
  
• - Turlington writes about her own story of tobacco addiction and losing a loved one to lung cancer.
  
• - From the American Council on Science and Health a survey of 13 magazines over two years shows that women's magazines still downplaying health effects of smoking. The ratio of cigarette ads to articles on smoking is actually increasing.
  
• - Summarizes research on how cigarette advertisers structure their messages and images to get more women to smoke.
  
• - Newspaper article outlines a few ways cigarettes are promoted to women.
  
• - Smoking-related illnesses and deaths among American and French women have risen sharply in recent years, despite vigorous anti-smoking campaigns on a global scale, says a Penn State researcher.
  
• - Slide presentations on tobacco advertising to women, public policy, smoking trends and health issues for women and girls, and smoking cessation approaches and options.
  
• - Factsheet on tobacco products and their effects on women, children, and families.
  
• - Article from the Toronto Sun about smoking cessation.
  
• - Once-secret memo, the Virginia Slims Opinion Poll Public Relations Plan, documents a PR campaign that Philip Morris ran to position itself as the "most authoritative chronicler of women's issues".
  
• - Women's smoking, targetting of women in tobacco marketing, and resulting cancer rates, with a focus on Canada.
  
• - Why tobacco products are more harmful to women; dimensions of the problem nationally; quitting; prevention.
  
• - New evidence that cigarette smoking during pregnancy can cause attention deficit disorder, hyperactivity, aggressive behavior disorders and lower math and reading scores in children.
  
• - Village Voice article. Tobacco industry developed its "smoking = liberation" message for women in the U.S. in the 1970's; now it's exporting that message to promote tobacco to women globally.
  
• - Spit tobacco increases a woman's risk of breast cancer.
  
• - NOW Foundation fact sheet.
  
• - Dedicated to smoking cessation methods and education about health issues arising from pregnancy and smoking. "We help pregnant women quit smoking."
  
• - A public health expert and other prominent speakers deplore "Philip Morris' latest move to entice young girls to smoke: the "Woman Thing" music campaign where girls get "free" CD's by buying two packs of Virginia Slims cigarettes.
  
• - US tobacco companies run ads in Japan for brands such as Virginia Slims using images of liberated, Western, cosmopolitan women. Over the same period, the number of female smokers has climbed, young women in particular
  
• - Report from the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids covers harm to women from tobacco products, promotion to women and girls by the tobacco industry.
  
• - Gallery of tobacco ads, some exploiting women, some targetting women.
  
• - You've come a long way baby. A collection of Virginia Slimds ads shows how cigarettes were pushed in the 70's.
  
• - Created Christy Turlington to raise awareness about the effects of smoking, smoking related diseases and lung cancer. "More women died of lung cancer in 2002 than of breast, uterine, and ovarian cancer combined" Facts and quitting info.
  
• - Book review.
  
• - World Health Organiziation fact sheet.
  
• - Center for Young Women's Health in Boston provides short factsheet aimed at teen women.
  
• - Smoking quiz, quitting tips, and dealing with withdrawal symptoms.
  
• - Editorial from the New England Journal of Medicine looks at the connection between body image, advertising, and smoking.
  
• - Essay from editors of Our Bodies, Ourselves reflects on the progress not made when it comes to women, girls, and smoking.
  
• - Tobacco companies are exploiting women's struggle for equal rights by creating the impression that tobacco makes women more confident, more sexually attractive, and more in control of their own destiny, says a World Health Organization report.
  
• - Academic article documents trends and effects of tobacco industry marketing to women.
  
  

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