I Encyclopaedia of the Orient Subject Encyclopedias

• - War between Iran and Iraq, lasting from 1980 to 1988, caused by disagreements on the borderline between the two countries.
  
• - Uprising in the Palestinian occupied territories from 1987 to 1993, in protest against the Israeli occupation and politics.
  
• - 1: State of sacredness in which a Muslim performs hajj and umra. 2: Garment worn by hajjiyys during hajj and umra.
  
• - Independent republic, but not recognized by a most countries in the Middle East. Divided into 6 districts.
  
• - Group of ideologies in Islam that want to use the Sharia to its full extent.
  
• - King of Hijaz and Najd, and afterwards king of Saudi Arabia. Founded the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (1879- 1953)
  
• - Islamic historian and sociologist. (1332-1406)
  
• - City in Turkey with 2.1 million inhabitants, situated in the west of Turkey.
  
• - Central religious feast in Islam, also known as cîdu s-saghîr and in Turkey as kücük-bairam.
  
• - Central religious feast in Islam, lasting for a period of three days, celebrated on the 10. Dhu l-hijja.
  
• - City in Palestine with about 25,000 inhabitants, situated on the West Bank, in the Jordan Valley.
  
• - (Jesus) In Christianity, a central religious person, either seen as God in human body or as son of God born by a woman. In Islam and Baha'i, one of the central prophets, as well as miracle worker (always called Isa).
  
• - Largest city in Turkey with 8,0 million inhabitants, situated on both sides of the Bosporus.
  
• - Muslim reformer of Morocco. Was called Mahdi of the Almohads.
  
• - Independent republic, divided into 18 governorates. Under the control of a US-led force since April 2003.
  
• - A religion with more than 1,400 million believers. It is dominant in East- and North Africa, Middle East, Central Asia and in Indonesia.
  
• - Arab traveller and author. (1304- ?)
  
• - Independent Islamic republic, divided into 28 provinces. Heads of state: Leader of the Islamic Revolution (Wali Faqih) Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-Khamenei and President Mohammed Khatami.
  
• - Arab philosopher and physician. (1100-1185)
  
  

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