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• The Death of Antonio Luna - Emilio Aguinaldo ordered the death of General Antonio Luna, Filipino collaborators helped the Americans set up the occupation of the Philippines, and other stories of the Philippines' history.
  
• The Religions of the Philippines - Impact of the introduction of alien religions on pre-historic animism and ancestor worship, and the interplay of homegrown and foreign religions to the present day. By Jack Miller.
  
• Jose Rizal, Liberator of the Philippines - Biography of Jose Rizal, the national hero, and his effect on the country's history, by the president of Ateneo de Naga, Raul J. Bonoan.
  
• Lucban! - History of the ancient town whose 1,600 inhabitants were converted to Christianity in 1578 by the noted Spanish friar-author, Juan de Plasencia. By Sol Jose Vanzi.
  
• Clark Air Base 1959-1960 Memories - Stories of a young man growing up on an airbase near Manila in the Philippines. Includes the first and only World Boy Scout Jamboree to be held in the Philippines. By Terry Ballard.
  
• Sitting In Darkness - Rise of anti-imperialism in the United States in 1901, led by well-known author Mark Twain, in reaction to the conquest of the Philippines.
  
• Dagohoy, Boholano Against Spain - The longest revolt against Spanish occupation of the Philippines and other articles on Bohol island history. By Alan Cajes
  
• Sucesos delas Islas Filipinas, by Dr. Antonio de Morga - The renowned history of the early years of the Spanish colony in the Philippines written in 1609, annotated by Jose Rizal in 1890 and published in 1907. From the Nalanda Digital Library Etext Conversion Project.
  
• Hukbalahap Insurrection - An American account and analysis of the peasant revolt which nearly toppled the government in 1948-1950.
  
• Andres Bonifacio: Father of Philippine Revolution - On the early morning of May 10, 1897, General Lazaro Makapagal executed Andres Bonifacio, the father of the Philippine Revolution of 1896, and his brother Procopio in Mt. Nagpatong, Maragondon, Cavite, on orders by General Mariano Noriel, Emilio Aguinaldo
  
• Philippine History Myths And Controversies - Filipino historians dispute June 12 as independence day, the design of the national flag based on the Spanish martial law proclamation and other controversial issues. By Aurelio C. Reyes.
  
• The True Decalogue - Written by Apolinario Mabini, the national hero, as the real Ten Commandments for Filipinos seeking their freedom from Spanish domination. From the Project Gutenberg website.
  
• Jose Rizal, Hero of the Filipinos - Jose Rizal, the national hero, declared his opposition to the 1896 revolution. By Charles Edward Russell and B.B. Rodriguez, published in 1923
  
• Andres Bonifacio: A Self-taught Revolutionary - Biography of the unschooled leader of the 1896 revolution who taught himself the ideals of 19th century liberalism and nationalist independence.
  
• Traditional Music of the Philippines - The research of a German ethnomusicologist, Hans Brandeis, into the religious and traditional music, songs and dance of ethnic minorities, specifically the Bukidnons, in Mindanao. With photos and descriptions of musical instruments believed used since anc
  
• Humabon, Defender of Cebu - Rajah Humabon massacred the men of Ferdinand Magellan after the battle of Mactan and other historical scenes re-created by Manuel Panares in his paintings of Cebu's past.
  
• Philippine Technology in History - The Philippines was not far behind other countries of the world when the Spaniards began colonization in the 16th century. by Paul Kenkai Manansala
  
• Philippine Centennial Series - Macario Sakay, July 4 the real independence day, and other historical articles by the Philippine History Group of Los Angeles, edited by Hector Santos
  
• Jose Rizal - Information about the national hero of the Philippines, Jose Rizal. Includes an article on the rumored relationship with a former Nazi dictator.
  
• Nueva Ecija History - Province was created in 1705 as a military district, named after the Spanish governor's native town in Andalucia, Spain, from parts of the neighboring provinces of Pampanga, Tayabas (Quezon) and Isabela.
  
• Timeline of Philippines History - Chronology of Philippine events from pre-historic times until 1990. By the Victoria University history students in Wellington, New Zealand.
  
• Inventing a Hero: A Book Review - No copy of the revolutionary publication “Kalayaan” has ever been found and many historians question whether Andres Bonifacio actually wrote “Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog.” A Hector Santos book review of “Inventing a Hero” by Glenn May.
  
• Filipinas (1898-1946): The Re-Colonization rama - An article on how the Philippines, after more than three centuries of Spanish administration, did not need a new colonization.
  
• Pre-Spanish Tacloban - Filipinos were part of the ancient empire of Sri Vijaya and took part in the battle for Malacca against the Portuguese in 1511-1512.
  
• Lumad Retreat - The 400-year flight of the hilltribes collectively called Lumads into the wilderness, and the consequent ecological destruction of the Pulangi river, the 'Rio Grande de Mindanao' of Spanish annals.
  
• Migration to the USA - Race riots, discrimination, and other events experienced by Filipinos in the United States. Also, articles on the 1896 revolution and the 1899 Philippine-American War.
  
• Jose Rizal's Retraction, Or Not - Did the national hero renounce all his writings against the friars, or not? Details of the multiple copies, doubtful document sources and vague testimonies sustain the long and still ongoing debate.
  
• Battle of Bayang Centennial - 102-year-old eyewitness interview of American incursion into Lake Lanao in Mindanao and the battle against the Maranao datus of Bayang and Binidayan, led by Sultan Pandapatan.
  
• EDSA 2 - Gives a comparison of EDSA I and II, pictures, timeline, and links.
  
• Philippine-American War - Summary of the Philippine-American War (1899-1902), from Veltisezar Bautista's book, The Filipino American.
  
• History of Leyte - Historical junctures from pre-Hispanic times to the World War II Leyte landings. By Emil B Justimbaste.
  
• Ancient Religions of the Filipinos - Religious beliefs and cosmology of indigenous tribes of the Philippines were as varied as the tribes. By Paul Kenkai Manansala.
  
• Marina Dizon, A Martyr's Daughter - Her father, Jose Dizon, was one of the 13 Cavite martyrs executed by the Spaniards in 1897. Like her cousin, Emilio Jacinto, she joined the Katipunan in 1893 and engaged in revolutionary activities all her life. By Lilia Quindoza Santiago.
  
• History of Vigan - Named after a yam, 'bigaa', the city on an island has existed continuously and prospered since its founding in 1572 as Ciudad Fernandina in honor of the son of King Philip of Spain.
  
• Balangiga Massacre and Leyte Landing - A different Filipino perspective of looking at two major events in Leyte-Samar history in the Philippines.
  
• Jose Rizal: Reflections of a Filipino - And other writings by the Philippine national hero, from the Cavite State University.
  
• Philippine Scouts Heritage - The first Scout organizations in the US army were created in 1901 during the early days of the American occupation of the Philippines. By Col. John E. Olson, USA (ret.)
  
• Agrarian Reforms in the Philippines - United Nations research paper on land reform programs from 1900 through the present CARP (Comprehensive Agricultural Reform Program). [PDF]
  
• Philippine Presidents - Biographies of each president, from Emilio Aguinaldo to Joseph Ejercito Estrada.
  
• Mabini: Wounded Hero - Apolinario Mabini, one of the foremost of the Philippine revolutionary heros, was the “brains” of the revolution. His last years were his most painful. A biography from the Austrian-Philippine WebSite by Dr. Robert L. Yoder, FAPC.
  
• Japan attacks the Philippines, 1941-42 - The early part of World War II in the Philippines, including the fall of Bataan and Corregidor, and the Bataan Death March. By James Bowen.
  
• Guide to Philippine History - Provides a timeline of important events from prehistory to 1998, heroes both well-known and not [like Mariano Alvarez], and presidents from Emilio Aguinaldo to Joseph Estrada Ejercito.
  
• The Philippines: Past and Present - Dean C. Worcester, noted American zoologist who explored the Philippines in 1887, narrates his experiences before and after he was appointed to the ruling Philippine Commission as Secretary of the Interior from 1901 to 1913, the initial phase of US conque
  
• Macario Sakay, Tulisan or Patriot? - Long after the last of Gen. Aguinaldo's men surrendered to the Americans, independent armies continued their fight for independence. One of these was led by Macario Sakay. From Hector Santos' Philippine Centennial Series.
  
• Waray History - Leyte and Samar were natural harbors for ancient seafarers, including Ferdinand Magellan in 1521, Ruy Lopez de Villalobos in 1583 and Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in 1564. From Seasite, Northern Illinois University.
  
• The Thomasites, Before and After - Diatribe against the displacement of Spanish as lingua franca of the islands by the Thomasite teachers from the United States in the beginning of the 20th century. By Guillermo Gomez Rivera.
  
• US-Philippine History - 19th and 20th century articles and photos from the Bentley Historical Collection of the University of Michigan.
  
• José Rizal’s El Filibusterismo - Complete English version of José Rizal’s Spanish “El Filibusterismo,” translated by Charles Derbyshire to "The Reign of Greed" and published in Manila by the Philippine Education Company in 1922. From the Project Gutenberg website.
  
• True Version of the Philippine Revolution - Emilio Aguinaldo’s 1899 account of the Philippine revolution from 1896 to the outbreak of the war against the United States. In the History Online Library HISTORION.
  
• Philippine History Site - Narratives include the Revolution of 1896, the Philippine-American War and Filipino migration to the U.S. From the University of Hawaii website co-sponsored by the Filipino-American Historical Society of Hawaii, and the Operation Manong (UH Office of Mult
  
• The Liberator of Tarlac - Starting with only 70 men armed with bolos, Francisco Macabulos captured the Spanish garrison in La Paz and later ended Spanish rule in the province of Tarlac. By Luis Serrano.
  
• Clark Air Base Scrapbook - Pictures from the 90 year history of Americans stationed at Clark Air Base in the Philippines.
  
• Jose Rizal's Noli Me Tangere - "The Social Cancer" ("Noli Me Tangere") The complete text of the novel that inspired the Philippine Revolution. With both contemporary and recent criticism. On the Project Gutenberg website.
  
• Fillipinos in America - Highly personalized articles about Filipinos who migrated to America, by Nestor P. Enriquez
  
• Children of the Pearl - Information on the Philippine culture before the Spanish colonization.
  
• The Philippines, 1500 - 1800 - From the Encyclopedia of World History, chronicle of events in the first 300 years of the Philippines written history.
  
• Lapu-Lapu, Balagtas And Other Heroes - Biographies of prominent figures in Philippine history and cultural development.
  
• Filipinos in History - Biographies of more than 100 heroes and noted Filipinos.
  
• Massacre at Bud Dajo - On March 7, 1906, US troops under the command of Major General Leonard Wood massacred as many as 1,000 Filipino Muslims, known as Moros, who were taking refuge at Bud Dajo, a volcanic crater on the island of Jolo in the Philippines. From The Boston Globe
  
• Religion in the Philippines - The pre-Hispanic belief system of Filipinos consisted of a pantheon of gods, spirits, creatures, and men that guarded the streams, fields, trees, mountains, forests, and houses. By Jack Miller.
  
• Friars' History of the Philippines - Spanish account of the colonization of the islands from 1521 through 1574.
  
• Idols of Philippine History - Brief biographies of Rizal, Bonifacio, Ninoy, Tandang Sora, Mabini and other luminaries from pre-colonial times to the EDSA People Power revolution.
  
• Tribute to Ninoy Aquino - Includes rare photos, poems, and articles.
  
• A Conflict That Won’t Go Away - Overview of the Moro conflict in the southern Philippines beginning with the battle of Bud Bagsak on March 9, 1906, in the early years of American occupation of the country. By Madge Kho, formerly of Jolo, now living in Boston.
  
• Doctrina Christiana - The first book printed in the Philippines, Manila, 1593. A Facsimile of the copy in the Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection, Library, edited by Edwin Wolf 2nd. On the Project Gutenberg website.
  
• Chinese Revolutionary In Cavite - The story of Ignacio Paua, a Chinese migrant who fought on Emilio Aguinaldo's side in the battle of Binakayan, and was among Aguinaldo's aides to attack and arrest Andres Bonifacio, supremo of the Katipunan. By Teresita Ang See, in Hector Santos' website.
  
• The History Of Aurora - In 1572, the Spanish explorer Juan de Salcedo became the first European to visit Casiguran, Baler and Infanta in the region that would be known as Aurora, Philippines.
  
• Nueva Vizcaya Became Filipino - From prehistory to their assimilation into the Republic, the story of the tribal peoples of northern Luzon, by Micheal Predmore, a former Peace Corp volunteer, 1983-1987
  
• History of Novaliches - The history-laden Novaliches, a former Rizal province town, is now divided between Quezon Citv and Caloocan City.
  
• A Dawning Light to the Zambales - The evangelization of headhunting mountain tribes, beginning in 1601, by individual Recollect missionaries, some of whom were slain. By Kenneth C. Masong
  
• Filipino Folktales - Legends and old-time stories told through the ages.
  
• Child Soldiers in the Philippines - For the past several decades, conflict groups in the Philippines have used minors in their struggle to overthrow the government, and government paramilitary groups to exterminate rebels. Written by Merliza Makinano of the International Labor Affairs S
  
• Katipunan - Documents and studies on the patriotic secret society that launched the 1896 revolution against Spanish rule in the Philippines.
  
• History of the Higaonon Tribe - The Higaonon tribe of Mindanao in The Philippines (people of the living mountains), live in and manage their forest home in a natural and harmonious way. From the Unahi Mindanao Inc. website.
  
• The Tagalog-Kapampangan Alliance - Excerpts from "The Aquinos of Tarlac" by noted author Nick Joaquin, of the Tagalog and Kapampangan revolution against the Spaniards and their war against the American invasion.
  
• Rizal: His Life And Labors, by Austin Craig - A very detailed biography of the national hero, especially of his childhood years, including his first confrontation of death. Written by the Asst professor of Oriental History in the University of the Philippines in 1913.
  
• Origins From Two Empires - Advocates that Visayans descended from the Sri Vishayan empire of Sumatra, and the Mindanao Moros were warriors of the Madjapahit Empire of Java, from the Visayan Voice.
  
• Spaniards' First 50 Years in the Philippines - Source documents of the early years of Spanish colonization. Also, documents on the church-state stormy relationship during the Spanish era.
  
• Albay History - From the Spanish expedition from Panay in 1569, to the formation of the revolutionary government in 1898. From the WOW Philippines website.
  
• The Pacification of the Philippines - Experience in the decades-old 'Indian Wars' in the American west served the US Army veterans well in the war against Philippine irregulars in the 1899-1902 war. By John M. Gates.
  
• The Tasaday People of the Philippines - The discovery in 1971 of a small band of Stone Age hunters-gatherers isolated from other Manobos in Mindanao for at least 150 years, perhaps as long as 800 years.
  
• Leon Kilat And The Cebu Revolt - Recounting the conspiracy, battles and betrayal of the revolution on the island of Cebu in 1898. By Emil G. Justimbaste
  
• An American in the Philippines - The online archival collection of George Percival Scriven, witness to the occupation of Bohol during the Philippine-American war, 1899 - 1901. From the Duke University special collections library.
  
• Constitutions and History - The complete, unabridged national constitutions from 1899 to 1987 and other resources on Philippine history.
  
• Philippine History Outline - From the early history of Negrito migration 30,000 years ago to the firing of Joseph Estrada by the supreme court, and the election of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo as president. From the De La Salle University website.
  
• The Youngest General of the Revolution - Biography of Manuel Tinio, the youngest general of the 1896 Revolution.
  
• The Story of the Philippines - Written in 1898 by Murat Halstead, American war correspondent and historian of the US expedition to the Philippines, with interviews with Emilio Aguinaldo and Manila Archbishop Bernardino Nozaleda. From the Project Gutenberg website.
  
• A Philippine Leaf - Literacy and writing among prehistoric Filipinos, by Hector Santos, known historian and expert on ancient writing.
  
• Pio Valenzuela (1869 - 1956) - Detailed biography of the affluent physician who edited the revolutionary journal, “Kalayaan,” organized several Katipunan chapters for the revolution, and who was as responsible as any for the initiation of the struggle against Spanish rule in 1898
  
• Jose Rizal's Wife - Biography of Josephine Bracken (1876-1902) who became Jose Rizal's sweetheart on 1895, was suspected by his sisters of being a Spanish spy, bore him a son and finally married to Rizal 2 hours before he was executed on December 30, 1896. By Isagani R. Medi
  
• Mabini: A Century After His Passing - Detailed biography of the great hero who originally refused to support the revolution but changed his mind when Jose Rizal was executed. By Alexander Martin. On the Bulatlat.com website.
  
• Jewels of Imelda Marcos - Photos and brief history of jewelry that supposedly belonged to the former First Lady.
  
• The Former Philippines Thru Foreign Eyes, by Fedor Jagor, et al - The complete text of out-of-print 1870 description of the then Spanish colony of the Philippines. An exceptional travelogue by a Prussian (Germany) naturalist, including the customs and appearance of the inhabitants at that time.
  
• Through the Centuries - Timeline and account of the Philippines from 30,000 BC to Abu Sayyaf in 2002, by Gunter Schwarz and Rosalinda Morgado-Schwarz.
  
• What's in a Name? - Where the Philippines, Pinoy, and Flip got their names. Other articles on History 101.
  
• La Naval of Manila - Our Lady of the Rosary stands alone as a "native virgin," her oriental features reflect the uniqueness of her position as a truly indigenous queen of the Philippines from the 17th century Spanish "Golden Age."
  
• Manuel Roxas - Senate president of the Philippine Commonwealth government, Manuel Roxas served the Japanese conquerors during World War II and like Jose Laurel and his cabinet, was branded a collaborator. He survived the war to become the first president of the Philippi
  
• Timeline of Filipino Immigration to the United States - From 1763, when Filipinos introduced commercial drying of shrimps in New Orleans, to the third wave of immigration still continuing. In “Filipino Americans” by Marina Claudio-Perez [PDF]
  
• History of Cagayan de Oro - From its first human occupation in 377, christianization of Datu Salangsang by a Portuguese Recollect friar in 1626, to the end of the Marcos dictatorship in 1986, the story of the land of Huluga, later renamed by the Spaniards from the Cagayan Valley. By
  
• Herman Knight Beaber - Biography of an American missionary who continued his work after imprisonment by the Japanese during World War II.
  
• Evolution Of Filipino as a National Language - Three articles tracing the evolution of the language from pre-history through successive infusion of foreign words.
  
• Philippines - A Conflicted Land - Rebellions, wars and insurgencies in the Philippines since 1898. Expanded timeline from the noted PBS Frontline series.
  
• Chabacano, Philippine-style Spanish - The development of Creole Spanish from its beginning on June 23, 1635, and the current state of the Spanish language in the Philippines.
  
• Apolinario de la Cruz - Religious and rebel leader, and founder of the Cofrada de San Jose, ‘Hermano Pule’ and his followers defeated a Spanish army on October 11, 1841, killing the governor of Tayabas, before being defeated and executed on November 4, 1841.
  
• The Social Cancer - Complete English version of José Rizal’s Spanish “Noli Me Tangere,” translated by Charles Derbyshire and published in Manila in 1912. Includes Rizal’s dedication written in Europe in 1886. From the Project Gutenberg website.
  
• Malay Balay Means Few Houses - History of Kala Sungay, the capital of the Bukidnons, massacred and burned by the Spaniards in 1850. Survivors rebuilt their Sacub river village under Datu Mampa Along, and finally submitted to Spanish rule in 1877.
  
• MacArthur’s Fight in the Philippines - Gen Douglas MacArthur’s battle against the invading Japanese. First-person accounts by the few men who were there at the time. From the Public Broadcasting System's American Experience series.
  
• Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas - by Dr. Antonio de Morga, Mexico, 1609. Events in the Philippines from the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 17th century. Translation by Alfonso de Salvio, Norman F. Hall and James Alexander Robertson. On the "Gutenberg Project E-book&q
  
• Keeping The Indio Mind Primitive: The Politics of Ignorance - Spanish colonials withheld education to keep Filipinos divided and subservient, despite 2 direct orders from Spain's king. By FPA Demeterio III, from San Beda College's Diwatao online journal.
  
• History of Gen. MacArthur in Eastern Samar - Unofficial Website of Gen. MacArthur, Eastern Samar.
  
• Alibata - Describes the origins and history of the Alibata writing system. By Victor Ganata, University of California Berkeley, 1999.
  
• Moises Salvador - Scion of prominent Manila family, this friend and ally of Jose Rizal defiantly walked to his execution for complicity in the agitation against Spanish rule in the Philippines. The Guipit elementary school was renamed for him in 1936.
  
• Sari-Sari - Articles on pre-Hispanic times, ancient baybayin writing, and language. Also with free fonts and celebrity pictures.
  
• First Declaration of Philippine Independence - The declaration in the town of Cavite-Viejo, Province of Cavite, on the 12th day of June 1898 by ‘Engregious Dictator Don Emilio Aguinaldo.’ On the MSC Centennial Site. Translated by Sulpicio Guevara.
  
• The American Soldier, Philippine Guerillas, 1945 - The Los Banos raid - 6 Filipino guerrilla units help liberate prisoners in the Japanese prison camp, with the help of the 11th US Airborne Division.
  
• The Philippine Centennial Site - GOMBURZA, the Tausug Resistance and other narratives published to celebrate the 1998 centennial anniversary, by MSC Communications.
  
• The Cabecera of Tarlac - Local history and cultural evolution in Tarlac, a collection of articles by Lino L. Dizon in the Center for Tarlac Studies.
  
• The Former Subic Bay Naval Base - Photos, history, memorabilia, message boards.
  
• History of Parañaque - History of this city from 1572 until the 1950's.
  
• Justification of Spanish Rule - 1582 council of Jesuit, Augustinian and Dominican friars convened by the first bishop of Manila to debate Spain's right to conquer the Philippines.
  
• EDSA 3: A Surprising Uprising - Three analyses of the May Day riot by the 'have-nots' in Manila by known Philipine writers. From the 'Focus on the Philippines' website.
  
• Austrian-Philippine - Articles on culture, history, the Rizal-Blumentritt friendship, Austrian-Philippine relations, and picturesque old Philippines.
  
• Mabini, the Impoverished Hero - Biography of Apolinario Mabini, the sublime paralytic and Brains of the Revolution.
  
• Spanish View of Philippine History - Articles on the conquest of the islands in 1565 and the revolution of 1898.
  
  

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