I Catholic Encyclopedia Reference Catholicism Denominations Christianity

I

• - Called the "Brigid of Munster"; b. in the present County of Waterford, about 475; d. 15 January, 570.
  
• - The invitation addressed to the faithful to come and take part in the Divine Office.
  
• - Painter, b. at Azcoitia, Guipuzcoa, in 1620; d. at Seville, 1685.
  
• - General faculties granted by the Holy See to bishops and others, of doing something not permitted by the common law.
  
• - A symbolical ceremony by which one intends to communicate to another some favour, quality or excellence (principally of a spiritual kind), or to depute another to some office.
  
• - English martyr, born about 1551; suffered at York on Friday, 3 June, 1586.
  
• - Divided into three main classes: sepulchral inscriptions, epigraphic records, and inscriptions concerning private life.
  
• - Born at Kermartin, near Tréguier, Brittany, the son of Helori, lord of Kermartin, and Azo du Kenquis.(1253-1303)
  
• - The word state is used in various senses by theologians and spiritual writers.
  
• - The exact list or catalogue of books, the reading of which was once forbidden to Catholics by the highest ecclesiastical authority.
  
• - Includes the earliest Greek philosophers, who lived at Miletus, an Ionian colony in Asia Minor, during the sixth century B.C., and a group of philosophers who lived about one hundred years later and modified the doctrines of their predecessors in several
  
• - That there would be hypocrites who would take advantage of a profession of piety to mask their own evil designs had been clearly foretold by Christ in the Gospels.
  
• - Reigned 1484-1492.
  
• - Article on the bishop of Lyons, Father of the Church, d. late second or early third century.
  
• - In general, exemption or immunity from liability to error or failure; in particular in theological usage, the supernatural prerogative by which the Church of Christ is, by a special Divine assistance, preserved from liability to error in her definitive do
  
• - An Arabic word which, since Mohammed's time, has acquired a religious and technical significance denoting the religion of Mohammed and of the Koran, just as Christianity denotes that of Jesus and of the Gospels, or Judaism that of Moses, the Prophets, and
  
• - Founder of the Jesuits. (1491-1556)
  
• - False Spanish mystics.
  
• - Those which the Roman pontiff, the successor of the Prince of the Apostles, attaches to the crosses, crucifixes, chaplets, rosaries, images, and medals which he blesses, either with his own hand or by those to whom he has delegated this faculty.
  
• - The Incarnation is the mystery and the dogma of the Word made Flesh.
  
• - A titular see of Lycaonia.
  
• - Born at Meriden, Connecticut, U.S.A., 16 September, 1797; d. at New York, 13 October, 1867. He was one of the most distinguished converts to the Church made in the United States through the influence of the Tractarian Movement of 1848-49.
  
• - Chronicler and bishop. (d. 468)
  
• - A French painter, b. at Montauban, 29 August, 1780; d. at Paris, 14 January, 1867.
  
• - It designates, first, the ninth son of Jacob and the fifth son of Lia.
  
• - Founded in the early part of the seventeenth century by Jeanne Chezard de Matel.
  
• - Queen of Castile. (1451-1504)
  
• - A term meaning "in the lands of the unbelievers," words added to the name of the see conferred on non-residential or titular Latin bishops.
  
• - Signifies "God with us" (Matthew 1:23), and is the name of the child predicted in Isaias 7:14: "Behold a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and his name shall be called Emmanuel".
  
• - Italian painter; b. at Imola, c. 1494; d. at Bologna, c. 1550.
  
• - By immortality is ordinarily understood the doctrine that the human soul will survive death, continuing in the possession of an endless conscious existence.
  
• - A term which originated in Immanuel Kant's ethics.
  
• - An exemption from a legal obligation (munus), imposed on a person or his property by law, custom, or the order of a superior.
  
• - The island called Iceland, is considered, because of its population and history as forming a part of Europe, is situated in the North Atlantic Ocean.
  
• - The reproaches which in the liturgy of the Office of Good Friday the Saviour is made to utter against the Jews, who, in requital for all the Divine favours and particularly for the delivery from the bondage of Egypt and safe conduct into the Promised Land
  
• - The faculty of representing to oneself sensible objects independently of an actual impression of those objects on our senses.
  
• - Reigned 1276.
  
• - Suffragan of Turin, Northern Italy.
  
• - Daughter of Blanche of Castille and sister of St. Louis IX. Founded a convent of Poor Clares. Died 1270.
  
• - A Franciscan preacher who flourished about 1225.
  
• - French Jesuit missionary to Canada, martyred in 1646.
  
• - Founded by Louis the Rich, Duke of Bavaria.
  
• - Induction is the conscious mental process by which we pass from the perception of particular phenomena (things and events) to the knowledge of general truths.
  
• - Catherine FitzGibbon, born in London, England, 12 May, 1823; died in New York, 14 August, 1896.
  
• - A papal Bull, so called from the feast on which it was annually published in Rome, viz, the feast of the Lord's Supper, or Maundy Thursday.
  
• - Canon law uses the word impediment in its restricted and technical sense, only in reference to marriage, while impediments to Holy orders are spoken of as irregularities.
  
• - History, customs, and language are covered here.
  
• - The name of two pueblos of the ancient Tigua tribe, of remote Shoshoncan stock.
  
• - Either extra-judicial or judicial: the former might be likened to a coroner's inquest in civil law; while the latter is similar to an investigation by the grand jury.
  
• - Collegiate bodies established at Rome by ecclesiastical or civil authority for the purpose of historical research, notably in the Vatican archives.
  
• - An Italian jurist and founder of the School of Glossators, b. at Bologna about 1050; d. there about 1130.
  
• - To go or come between two parties, to plead before one of them on behalf of the other.
  
• - Jesuit martyr, born in Lincolnshire, 1636; executed at Tyburn, 24 Jan., 1679.
  
• - By this term is usually meant a special ecclesiastical institutional for combating or suppressing heresy.
  
• - Born at Alexandria, became a monk, opposed Nestorianism and Eutychianism, d. no later than 449-450.
  
• - A Spanish of the coterie gathered about Meléndez, Valdés, born at Salamanca, 31 October, 1748; died 1791.
  
• - In its strictest sense the word denotes the collation of an ecclesiastical benefice by a legitimate authority, on the presentation of a candidate by a third person.
  
• - A titular see in the province of Pamphylia Secunda; it was a suffragan of Perge.
  
• - Spanish day laborer, married to St. María de la Cabeza. He died in 1130.
  
• - Latin, in manere, to remain in. The quality of any action which begins and ends within the agent.
  
• - Diocese, suffragan to Naples.
  
• - A canonical impediment directly impeding the reception of tonsure and Holy orders or preventing the exercise of orders already received.
  
• - Elected Bishop of Edessa in 439 as successor of Rabbulas, one of the most ardent supporters of St. Cyril; d. 457.
  
• - The name given to a party of Dutch Calvinists in the seventeenth century, who sought to mitigate the rigour of Calvin's doctrine concerning absolute predestination.
  
• - A Nestorian bishop of that city in the latter half of the seventh century, being consecrated by the Nestorian Patriarch George (660-80).
  
• - Lack of knowledge about a thing in a being capable of knowing.
  
• - A titular see of Isauria, suffragan of Seleucia.
  
• - Diocese in Southern Ecuador, suffragan of Quito, created by Pius IX.
  
• - Diocese; suffragan of Bologna.
  
• - In consequence of an agreement between the Holy See and the Portuguese Government in 1886.
  
• - Reigned 401-417.
  
• - A group of seven islands and a number of islets scattered over the Ionian Sea to the west of Greece.
  
• - The religious persecution under Elizabeth and James I lead to the suppression of the monastic schools in Ireland in which the clergy for the most part received their education. It became necessary, therefore, to seek education abroad, and many colleges fo
  
• - Mohammed, "the Praised One", the prophet of Islam and the founder of Mohammedanism, was born at Mecca (20 August?) A.D. 570.
  
• - Fifth-century Welsh saint.
  
• - Suffragan of Bogotá, in the Republic of Colombia, South America.
  
• - Titular see of Cilicia Prima.
  
• - This word, strictly speaking, applies to the solemn induction of a canon into the stall or seat which he is to occupy in the choir of a cathedral or collegiate church.
  
• - Archbishop of Toledo. (d. 667)
  
• - The peninsula is separated on the north from Tibet and Central Asia by the Himalaya, Hindu Kush, and Karakoram mountains, and some lower ranges divide it from Afghanistan and Baluchistan.
  
• - Reigned 1721-24.
  
• - Reigned 1644-1655.
  
• - Investigator of the physiology of plants, physicist, and physician. (1730-1799)
  
• - Temporary settlements in matters of religion, entered into by Emperor Charles V (1519-56) with the Protestants.
  
• - The word was originally Greek, but passed without change into Latin. It seems first to have meant form, shape, or appearance, whence, by an easy transition, it acquired the connotation of nature, or kind.
  
• - The nom de plume of an ancient, learned, and pious writer whose identity remained unknown for some centuries.
  
• - Towards the close of the sixteenth century, Gregory XIII had sanctioned the foundation of an Irish college in Rome, and had assigned a large sum of money as the nucleus of an endowment.
  
• - Reigned 1591.
  
• - Bishop of Grosswardein (Nagy-Várad), b. at Ipoly-Keszi, 20 Oct., 1823; d. at Grosswardein, 2 December 1886.
  
• - Abbot of Croyland, Lincolnshire; d. there 17 December 1109.
  
• - In the ecclesiastical sense the words are used to denote that a given person is freed from the jurisdiction of one bishop and is transferred to that of another.
  
• - This congregation, with simple vows, was founded by Rt. Rev. C.M. Dubuis, Bishop of Galveston.
  
• - King of West Saxons, d. 728.
  
• - A bishop of France at the time of the Investiture struggles and the most important canonist before Gratian in the Occident, born of a noble family about 1040; died in 1116.
  
• - A value exacted or promised over and above the restitution of a borrowed capital.
  
• - A large number of manuscripts covered with painted ornaments.
  
• - A fleet intended to invade England and to put an end to the long series of English aggressions against the colonies and possessions of the Spanish Crown.
  
• - Vicariate Apostolic in the province of Saint Martin, Colombia, South America, created 24 March, 1908, and entrusted to the Society of Mary.
  
• - Christianity at its very beginning, found the concept of the corporation well developed under Roman law and widely and variously organized in Roman society. It was a concept that the early Christians soon adapted to their organization and, as a means of p
  
• - A titular see in the province of Paphlagonia, suffragan of Gangres.
  
• - Diocese; suffragan of Cincinnati, established as the Diocese of Vincennes in 1834, but by brief dated 28 March, and promulgated 30 April, 1898, the pope changed the see to Indianapolis.
  
• - As in ecclesiastical language those who by baptism have received faith in Jesus Christ and have pledged Him their fidelity and called the faithful, so the name infidel is given to those who have not been baptized.
  
• - The act by which a suzerain granted a fief to his vassal, and the ceremonies which accompanied that grant.
  
• - The name applied to the Greeks in Italy who observe the Byzantine Rite.
  
• - An inventory is to be made at the beginning of a given administration; when the period of management has expired, the out-going official must produce all the things which appear in this inventory or were added later, excepting those which have been consum
  
• - A phrase used in canon law to designate a certain manner of collating an ecclesiastical benefice.
  
• - A titular see of Phrygia Salutaris, suffragan of Synnada.
  
• - One of the United States of America, the nineteenth in point of admission.
  
• - Biographical entry for this bishop, who died in 636.
  
• - Mexican historian. (1568-1648)
  
• - The Church, from the earliest times, arranged for the care of the insane.
  
• - One of the United States of America, bounded on the north by Wisconsin, on the west by the Mississippi, which separates it from Iowa and Missouri, on the south by the confluent waters of the Mississippi and the Ohio, which separate it from Kentucky, on th
  
• - The Council of Trent has defined contrition as "sorrow of soul, and a hatred of sin committed, with a firm purpose of not sinning in the future".
  
• - Diocese in the province of Campobasso in Molise (Southern Italy).
  
• - Reigned 1676-89.
  
• - A society of male religious approved by the Church, but not taking Holy orders, and having for its object the personal sanctification of its members and the Christian education of youth, especially of the children of artisans and the poor.
  
• - English martyr, born at Stoke Edith, Herefordshire, in 1565; executed at Newcastle-on-Tyne, 26 July, 1594.
  
• - The Introit (Introitus) of the Mass is the fragment of a psalm with its antiphon sung while the celebrant and ministers enter the church and approach the altar.
  
• - A principle in psychology to account for the succession of mental states.
  
• - An individual being is defined by St. Thomas as "quod est in se indivisum, ab aliis vero divisum" (a being undivided in itself but separated from other beings).
  
• - This is the versicle chanted in the Roman Rite by the deacon at the end of Mass, after the Post-Communions.
  
• - Historical painter; born at Königswinter, at the foot of the Drachenfels, in 1813; died at Düsseldorf, 1879.
  
• - A Catholic Armenian Latin see.
  
• - Novelist, dramatist, and actress; b. at Staningfield, near Bury St. Edmunds, 15 Oct., 1753; d. at Kensington, London, 1 Aug., 1821.
  
• - The period covered by this article embraces that between the years 1540 and (approximately) 1713.
  
• - Reigned 1130-1143.
  
• - A remission of the temporal punishment due to sin, the guilt of which has been forgiven.
  
• - Lawyer and antipapal chronicler. (1435-1500)
  
• - It is an uncompromising attitude in the late Jewish history, together with the apparently obvious meaning of the First Commandment, that are responsible for the common idea that Jews had no images.
  
• - A religious sect called after Edward Irving (1792-1834), a deposed Presbyterian minister.
  
• - An act of the will by which that faculty efficaciously desires to reach an end by employing the means.
  
• - An aromatic substance which is obtained from certain resinous trees and largely employed for purposes of religious worship.
  
• - Founder of the colony of Louisiana, b. at Villemarie, Montreal, 16 July, 1661; d. at Havana, 9 July, 1706.
  
• - Italian astronomer, b. at Volterra, Tuscany, 16 April, 1779; d. at Florence, 15 August, 1851.
  
• - Founder of the Congregation of Christian Doctrine of Florence; b. at Florence of obscure parentage, 12 October. 1565; d. 20 March, 1619.
  
• - Cardinal and sometime Metropolitan of Kiev or Moscow, b. at Thessalonica (Saloniki) towards the end of the fourteenth century; d. at Rome, 27 April, 1463.
  
• - The act by which unlawful possession of an ecclesiastical benefice is taken.
  
• - There are houses of the institute in New York, Trenton, Porto Rico, and Baltimore.
  
• - An Archbishop of Canterbury, b. at Islip, near Oxford; d. at Mayfield, Sussex, 26 April, 1366.
  
• - The characteristic of those who regard the ideas of truth and right, goodness and beauty, as standards and directive forces.
  
• - Catholicos or Patriarch of Armenia (338-439).
  
• - Reigned 1198-1216.
  
• - A work of spiritual devotion, also sometimes called the "Following of Christ". Its purpose is to instruct the soul in Christian perfection with Christ as the Divine Model.
  
• - Patriarch of the Persian Church, d. 410.
  
• - A technical expression in the theology of the Incarnation. It means that the properties of the Divine Word can be ascribed to the man Christ, and that the properties of the man Christ can be predicated of the Word.
  
• - Son of Abraham and Hagar.
  
• - Peter Igneus, so-called because he successfully underwent trial by fire. Vallombrosian monk, Cardinal of Albano, d. 1089.
  
• - Bishop of Antioch. (d. c. 115)
  
• - Sexual intercourse between those who are related by blood or marriage.
  
• - The name of the heresy that in the eighth and ninth centuries disturbed the peace of the Eastern Church, caused the last of the many breaches with Rome that prepared the way for the schism of Photius, and was echoed on a smaller scale in the Frankish king
  
• - The official title of the second congregation founded by Mary Ward.
  
• - An heretical doctrine according to which Christ is in the Eucharist through His human body substantially united with the substances of bread and wine, and thus is really present as God, made bread.
  
• - Information on distribution, statistics, and religion.
  
• - The word designates the descendants of the Patriarch Jacob, or Israel.
  
• - The name given in the Roman Curia to a diplomatic agent who, though not belonging to the five highest classes of the papal diplomatic service (legatus a latere, nuncio with full powers of a legatus a latere, legate, nuncio of the first class, and nuncio o
  
• - An important confederacy of Algonquian tribes formerly occupying the greater part of the present state of Illinois, together with the adjacent portions of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Missouri.
  
• - The most easterly of the three great peninsulas of Southern Asia, is bounded on the north by the mountains of Assam, the Plateau of Yun-nan, and the mountains of Kwang-si; on the east by the province of Kwang-si (Canton), the Gulf of Tong-king, and the Se
  
• - The faculty of thought.
  
• - One of the North Central States of the American Union, and is about midway between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans.
  
• - Founded by Frances Mary Teresa Ball, under the direction and episcopal jurisdiction of the Most Rev. D. Murray, Archbishop of Dublin.
  
• - The tusks of the elephant, hippopotamus, walrus, and other animals: a tough and elastic substance, of a creamy white, taking a high and lasting polish, largely employed in the arts since pre-historic times, and used extensively in making or adorning eccle
  
• - A pre-Patrician Irish saint, who laboured in the present County Wexford from 425 to 450, recognized the jurisdiction of St. Patrick, and was confirmed in his episcopacy.
  
• - The terminus technicus for the great struggle between the popes and the German kings Henry IV and Henry V, during the period 1075-1122.
  
• - A psychological and philosophical term which designates the process of immediate apprehension or perception of an actual fact, being, or relation between two terms and its results.
  
• - The infinite, as the word indicates, is that which has no end, no limit, no boundary, and therefore cannot be measured by a finite standard, however often applied; it is that which cannot be attained by successive addition, not exhausted by successive sub
  
• - Reigned 1691-1700.
  
• - As generally defined, and as understood in this article, illegitimacy denotes the condition of children born out of wedlock.
  
• - A titular see in the Province of Helenopont, suffragan of Amasia.
  
• - Opened at Innsbruck in 1562 by Blessed Peter Canisius, at the request and on the foundation of the Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria.
  
• - A district of the Balkan Peninsula, which has varied in extent at different periods.
  
• - Defined as a kind of consciousness accompanying and stimulating attention, a feeling pleasant or painful directing attention, the pleasurable or painful aspect of a process of attention, and as identical with attention itself.
  
• - A great screen or partition running from side to side of the apse or across the entire end of the church, which divides the sanctuary from the body of the church, and is built of solid materials such as stone, metal, or wood, and which reaches often (as i
  
• - Reigned 1243-1254.
  
• - The dividing line between sanity and insanity, like the line that distinguishes a man of average height from a tall man, can be described only in terms of a moral estimate.
  
• - Includes the United States, Australia, Canada, Great Britain, South Africa, and South America.
  
• - The name Isaias signifies "Yahweh is salvation".
  
• - Patriarch of Constantinople. (799-877)
  
• - The country inhabited by the descendants of Edom.
  
• - An Italian translation of the Latin in pectore, "in the breast", i.e. in the secret of the heart.
  
• - Etymologically denotes divine worship given to an image, but its signification has been extended to all divine worship given to anyone or anything but the true God.
  
• - It is uncertain at what period and in what manner the Irish discovered the use of letters. It may have been through direct commerce with Gaul, but it is more probable, as McNeill has shown in his study of Irish oghams, that it was from the Romanized Brito
  
• - The modern name derived by change of letter from Adamnan's Ioua; in Bede it is Hii; the Gaelic form is always I or Y, which becomes Hy by prefixing the euphonic h.
  
• - The tendency to magnify individual liberty, as against external authority, and individual activity, as against associated activity.
  
• - The son of Abraham and Sara.
  
• - Child-murder; the killing of an infant before or after birth.
  
• - Probably from an Arapahoe Indian word, "Gem of the Mountains", the name first suggested for the territory of Colorado.
  
• - In the Constitution Ineffabilis Deus of 8 December, 1854, Pius IX pronounced and defined that the Blessed Virgin Mary "in the first instance of her conception, by a singular privilege and grace granted by God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, t
  
• - In ancient times Italy had several other names: it was called Saturnia, in honour of Saturn; Enotria, wine-producing land; Ausonia, land of the Ausonians; Hesperia, land to the west (of Greece); Tyrrhenia, etc. The name Italy, which seems to have been tak
  
• - The science of the description, history, and interpretation of the traditional representations of God, the saints and other sacred subjects in art.
  
• - Titular see in the Province of Lycaonia, suffragan of Iconium.
  
• - A noted confederacy of five, and afterwards six, cognate tribes of Iroquoian stock, and closely cognate languages, formerly occupying central New York, and claiming right of conquest over nearly all the tribes from Hudson Bay to Tennessee River, and westw
  
• - Under this term are comprised two kinds of works: travellers' relations describing the places and countries visited by them, together with such incidents of the voyage as are worth noting; and compilations intended to furnish information for the guidance
  
• - Loss of a good name.
  
• - Cistercian of the Reform of St. Bernard, orientalist, biographer, theologian; born at Milan; flourished in the latter half of the seventeenth century.
  
• - The right to intercede for criminals, which was granted by the secular power to the bishops of the Early Church.
  
• - The violation of another's strict right against his reasonable will, and the value of the word right is determined to be the moral power of having or doing or exacting something in support or furtherance of one's own advantage.
  
• - A monogram of the name of Jesus Christ.
  
• - Spanish preacher and satirist, b. at Villavidantes (Kingdom of Leon), 24 March, 1703; d. at Bologna, 2 November, 1782.
  
• - Article covers several groups of this name.
  
• - The modern language of Italy is naturally derived from Latin, a continuation and development of the Latin actually spoken among the inhabitants of the peninsula after the downfall of the Roman Empire.
  
• - Covered in four sections, I. Belief in Inspired books; II. Nature of Inspiration; III. Extent of Inspiration; IV. Protestant Views on the Inspiration of the Bible.
  
• - A suffragan of Cagliari in Sardinia.
  
• - Portuguese Jesuit, missionary to Brazil, martyred with thirty-nine companions by Huguenot pirates near the island of Palma in 1570.
  
• - Originally in Roman law, an interlocutory edict of the praetor, especially in matter affecting the right of possession; it still preserves this meaning in both Roman and canon law.
  
• - Reigned 1406.
  
• - A quality of certain ecclesiastical offices and dignities. It implies that the incumbent's appointment is, under certain conditions, a perpetual one, or for the term of his natural life.
  
• - The term usually includes the idea of a purposive adaptation of an action or series of actions in an organized being, not governed by consciousness of the end to be attained.
  
• - The symbol itself may have been suggested by the miraculous multification of the loaves and fishes or the repast of the seven Disciples, after the Resurrection, on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, but its popularity among Christians was due principally, t
  
• - German physicist, born 26 July, 1758, at Rissbach, in Bavaria; died 11 April, 1817 at Munich.
  
• - Reigned 1352-1362.
  
• - Designates the part of Scriptural science which is concerned with topics preliminary to the detailed study and correct exposition of Holy Writ, and also, it is given to a work in which these various topics are actually treated.
  
• - A form of prayer used by monks and clerics before setting out on a journey, and for that reason usually printed at the end of the Breviary, where it can be conveniently found when required.
  
• - An institution originated (1874) by J. Roosevelt Barley, Archbishop of Baltimore, for the protection and promotion of Catholic Indian mission interests in the United States of America.
  
• - The term given, in general, to all those theories, which, for one reason or another, deny that it is the duty of man to worship God by believing and practicing the one true religion.
  
  

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