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• - An abbey nullius. As early as 200 the burial place of the great Apostle in the Via Ostia was marked by a cella memoriæ, near which the Catacomb of Comodilla was established.
  
• - English priest (1577-1630).
  
• - Roman emperor, b. at Acco in Palestine, 208, murdered by his mutinous soldiers at Sicula on the Rhine. 235 (Sicklingen near Mainz)
  
• - The name of a Protestant sect founded by the nobleman Caspar von Schwenckfeld (b. at Ossig in Silesia in 1489 or 1490; d. at Ulm 10 December, 1561).
  
• - Archdiocese in New Mexico, erected by Pius IX in 1850 and created an archbishopric in 1875.
  
• - English priest, b. 1513; d. after 1585.
  
• - Founded in 1501 by Diego de Muros (Bishop of the Canaries), and Lope Gómez Marzo, who on 17 July, 1501, executed a public document establishing a school and academy for the study of the humanities.
  
• - The first active agitation for a church extension or home mission society for the Catholic Church in North America was begun in 1904 by an article of the present writer, published in the "American Ecclesiastical Review" (Philadelphia).
  
• - Discusses the history.
  
• - In the Province of Benevento, Southern Italy; the city, situated on a hill at the base of Monte Taburno, contains an ancient castle.
  
• - Sanction signifies the authoritative act whereby the legislator gives a law value and binding force for its subjects.
  
• - Reigned 432-440.
  
• - Writer, b. at Moscow, 22 Nov., 1782; d. in Paris, 10 Sept., 1857.
  
• - Includes uses from the Old and New Testaments.
  
• - Diocese in the Republic of Mexico, suffragan of Linares, or Monterey.
  
• - A family of Milanese artists, closely connected with the cathedral and with the Certosa near Pavia.
  
• - A Premonstratensian abbey at Prague, Bohemia, founded in 1149.
  
• - Diocese; suffragan of Caracas, erected by Pius VI on 19 Dec., 1791, comprises the former state of Bermúdez, districts of Nueva Esparta and Guayana, and territories of Amazonas, Caura, Colón, Orinoco, and Yuruary, in the south and east of Venezuela.
  
• - An independent republic lying between the Italian Provinces of Forli, Pasaro, and Urbino.
  
• - The Diocese of Saint-Claude comprised in the eighteenth century only twenty-six parishes, subject previously to the Abbey of Saint-Claude, and some parishes detached from the Dioceses of Besançon and Lyons.
  
• - The way of those who are in the state of the perfect.
  
• - Born in La Rioja, in the village of La Bastida on the banks of the Ebro, 1512; died in Madrid, 4 December, 1594. Devoted to the conversion of natives of the new world.
  
• - German diocese immediately dependent on the Papal See.
  
• - Used in several different but allied senses: (1) as signifying a living, intelligent, incorporeal being, such as the soul; (2) as the fiery essence or breath (the Stoic pneuma) which was supposed to be the universal vital force; (3) as signifying some ref
  
• - They have their feast together on 22 April, on which day they appear in most of the martyrologies, though Notker and a few others give Soter on the 21st and Caius on the 19th or 21st.
  
• - One of the famous historians of the early Church, born at Bethelia, a small town near Gaza in Palestine.
  
• - A general term denoting several groups of Friars Minor, existing in the second half of the thirteenth and the beginning of the fourteenth centuries, who, in opposition to the main body of the order, pretended to observe the Rule of St. Francis in its prim
  
• - Archbishop of Canterbury. (d. 1381)
  
• - Liturgical hymn of the Mass.
  
• - The vast territories formerly known as New Holland and Van Dieman's Island and since 1900 as The Commonwealth of Australia were erected to the Vicariate Apostolic of New Holland in 1834.
  
• - Bishop, cardinal, and statesman, b. at Muhlbach in the Canton of Valais, Switzerland, about 1470; d. of the plague at Rome, l October, 1522.
  
• - Date of birth unknown; he became pope about 14 July, 939, and died about the end of Oct., 942.
  
• - German painter and engraver, b. at Colmar between 1445 and 1450; d. probably in 1491, it is believed at Breisach.
  
• - In instituting the sacraments Christ did not determine the matter and form down to the slightest detail, leaving this task to the Church, which should determine what rites were suitable in the administration of the sacraments. These rites are indicated by
  
• - Ancient Polish city with existing traces of prehistoric construction.
  
• - Sculptor, b. at Nuremberg in 1438; d there in 1533.
  
• - Diocese in Spain, bounded on the north by Castellón and Teruel, on the east by Castellón, on the south by Valencia, and on the west by Valencia and Teruel.
  
• - Diocese in Campania, Southern Italy. The city is situated on the gulf of the same name, backed by a high rock crowned with an ancient castle.
  
• - Musician, b. 16 May, 1789, at Huffingen in the Black Forest; d. there 6 Aug., 1837.
  
• - Born in Newfoundland, 17 Sept., 1815; d. in London, 30 July, 1905.
  
• - Bishop of Vancouver Island (today Victoria), Apostle of Alaska. b. at Ghent, Belgium, 26 Dec., 1839; d. in Alaska, 28 Nov., 1886.
  
• - The traditional name given to the insurrection which broke out at Palermo on Easter Tuesday, 31 March, 1282, against the domination of Charles of Anjou.
  
• - A pool in the Tyropoean Valley, just outside the south wall of Jerusalem, where Jesus Christ gave sight to a man born blind.
  
• - From supersisto, "to stand in terror of the deity".
  
• - A celebrated family of architects, sculptors, painters, and engravers, which flourished in Italy during the Renaissance period, from the middle of the fifteenth to the end of the sixteenth century. The founder of the family was Francesco Giamberti (1405-8
  
• - Born at Bruges in 1548; died at Leyden in 1620.
  
• - On 2 Jan., 1882, the then vicar Apostolic of Shan-tung, Rt. Rev. Mgr. D. Cosi, elected as pro-vicar Apostolic for the southern part of his vicariate Father John Baptist Anzer, a member of the Steyl Seminary.
  
• - A religious congregation of priests and lay brothers with the object of promoting the knowledge and practice of devotion to the Heart of Jesus as embodied in the revelations to Blessed Margaret Mary Alacoque.
  
• - Diocese in Spain; comprises the civil Provinces of Salamanca, Cáceres, Avila, and LÈon, and is bounded on the north by Zamora, on the east by Avila and Valladolic, on the south by Cáceres, and on the west by Portugal.
  
• - Diocese; suffragan of the Archdiocese of São Paulo, Brazil, South America, created on 7 June, l908.
  
• - Societies which maintain common ownership of the means of production and distribution, e.g., land, factories, and stores, and also those which further extend the practice of common ownership to consumable goods, e.g., houses and food.
  
• - A congregation founded in 1821 by Père André Coindre, of the Diocese of Lyons, France. Its constitutions were modeled upon the constitutions of St. Ignatius based upon the Rule of Saint Augustine. Its members bind themselves for life by the simple vows
  
• - Theologian, better known by his religious name, Anrea di Castellana.
  
• - One of the four great islands of Japan, has all area of 7009 square miles, not counting the smaller islands which depend upon it.
  
• - The manner of regulating the details of the Roman Liturgy that obtained in pre-Reformation times in the south of England and was thence propagated over the greater part of Scotland and of Ireland.
  
• - Dicsusses the relationship between the two subjects.
  
• - A titular see in Isauria, near the Gulf of Adalia. Selinus.
  
• - Diocese; S. Angelo in Vado is a city in the Marches, on the site of the ancient "Tifernum Metaurense", a town of the Umbrian Senones, near the River Metaurus, believed to have been destroyed by the Goths.
  
• - Theological writer of acknowledged merit, born at Meckenheim near Bonn, 1 March, 1835; died at Cologne, 21 July, 1888.
  
• - Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon, was born in Paris, 17 Oct., 1760; died there, 19 May, 1825. He belonged to the family of the author of the "Memoirs".
  
• - Archdiocese, ancient residence of the early Servian rulers is the modern Uscub.
  
• - A country in Western Asia, which in modern times comprises all that region bounded on the north by the highlands of the Taurus, on the south by Egypt, on the east by Mesopotamia and the Arabia Desert, and on the west by the Mediterranean.
  
• - Franciscan missionary - Born at Robledillo, Old Castile, Spain, 7 September, 1778; d. at San Gabriel, California, 15 January, 1833.
  
• - Vicariate Apostolic comprising all the islands of the Hawaiian group.
  
• - An historical painter, born at Vienna, 2 July, 1810; died at Frankfort, 19 Sept., 1886.
  
• - A congregation founded in 1877 in England to honour in a particular manner the maternal Heart of the Blessed Virgin, especially in the mystery of Calvary.
  
• - Reigned 844-847.
  
• - Prelature nullius created in 1903, in the ecclesiastical Province of Belem do Pará.
  
• - Knights of St. George appear at different historical periods and in different countries as mutually independent bodies having nothing in common but the veneration of St. George, the patron of knighthood.
  
• - The collective designation for the rapidly dwindling remnant of some thirty small tribes, representing five linguistic stocks - Salishan, Yakonan, Kusan, Takelman, and Athapascan.
  
• - Poet and novelist, b. at Lorca, Murcia, Spain, 1824; d. at Madrid, 5 Feb., 1882.
  
• - Bishop of Chalcedon, second Vicar Apostolic of England; b. at Hanworth, Lincolnshire, Nov., 1568.
  
• - St. Seraphin of Montegranaro, late sixteenth-century Italian Capuchin. Had the gift of reading hearts.
  
• - The longest of the deuterocanonical books of the Bible, and the last of the Sapiential writings in the Vulgate of the Old Testament.
  
• - A titular see in Pisidia, suffragan of Antioch.
  
• - Traces the origin of beatification and canonization in the Catholic Church.
  
• - Illustrious writer and preacher, especially noted as a historian of medieval heresies, b. towards the end of the twelfth century; d. in 1261.
  
• - Reigned 752.
  
• - Founded by Saint John Bosco, takes its distinctive name from its patron, Saint Francis de Sales.
  
• - Poet, author of the present Austrian national hymn, b. at Vienna, 21 June 1804; d. there, 17 July, 1875.
  
• - Statesman and author, b. at Algezares, Murcia, Spain, in 1584; d. at Madrid in 1648.
  
• - Celebrated clinical lecturer and diagnostician and, with Rokitansky, founder of the modern medical school of Vienna, b. at Pilsen in Bohemia, 10 December, 1805; d. at Vienna, 13 June, 1881.
  
• - The most important part, of the habit of the monastic orders.
  
• - A titular see in Phrygia Pacatiana, suffragan of Laodicea.
  
• - The general designation given to the numerous poetical and musical creations which have come into existence in the course of time and are used in connection with public Divine worship, but which are not included in the official liturgy on account of their
  
• - Date of birth unknown; died 24 Jan., 817.
  
• - An abbey of Benedictine nuns, midway between Malvern and Worcester, England.
  
• - A titular see in Lydia, suffragan of Sardis. It is not mentioned by any ancient geographer or historian.
  
• - This rite is used by the Nestorians and also by Eastern Catholic bodies -- in Syria, Mesopotamia, Persia, and Malabar -- who have separated from them.
  
• - American historian (1824-1892).
  
• - Reigned 604-606. The son of Bonus, he was born at Blera (Bieda) near Viterbo. In 593 he was sent by St. Gregory I as apocrisiarius or Apostolic nuncio to Constantinople; but in some respects his administration of the office did not come up to Gregory's ex
  
• - Pulpit orator and controversialist, b. at Schwaz, in the Tyrol, 1540, according to Duhr; d. at Linz, 30 Nov., 1605; entered the Society of Jesus in 1559.
  
• - The use of a seal by men of wealth and position was common before the Christian era. It was natural then that high functionaries of the Church should adopt the habit as soon as they became socially and politically important.
  
• - Diocese in Spain which takes its name not from St. Andrew as some believe, but from St. Hemeterius (Santemter, Santenter, Santander), one of the patrons of the city and ancient abbey.
  
• - Vicariate apostolic in Nyassaland Protectorate, Africa.
  
• - The fifth mendicant order, the objects of which are the sanctification of its members, preaching the Gospel, and the propagation of devotion to the Mother of God, with special reference to her sorrows.
  
• - The Archdiocese of Scutari comprises 29 parishes.
  
• - Hagiographer, died at the Benedictine monastery of Aniane, Herault, in Southern France, March, 843.
  
• - A room in the church or attached thereto, where the vestments, church furnishings and the like, sacred vessels, and other treasures are kept, and where the clergy meet and vest for the various ecclesiastical functions.
  
• - The Rev. Ignatius Victor Eyzaguirre went to Rome, in 1857, and proposed to the Pope the erection of a college for students from Latin American countries.
  
• - Diocese in the Province of Catanzaro in Calabria, Southern Italy. Situated on a rocky precipice on the site of the ancient Siberena, it became an important fortress of the Byzantines in their struggles with the Saracens.
  
• - The name given by Columbus to his first discovery in the New World. It is one of the Bahama group of islands.
  
• - The Diocese of Savannah comprises the State of Georgia and was created as such by Pius IX, 1850.
  
• - In Paris, founded by King Clovis who established there a college of clerics, later called canons regular.
  
• - Painter, b. at Borgo San-Sepolcro, about 1420; d. there, 1492.
  
• - A fleet intended to invade England and to put an end to the long series of English aggressions against the colonies and possessions of the Spanish Crown.
  
• - A large room set apart in a monastery for the use of the scribes or copyists of the community.
  
• - The chief Franciscan mission of the Ucavali river country, Department of Loreto, north-east Peru, in the eighteenth century.
  
• - Theologian, b. at Antwerp, 1649; d. at Rome, 6 April, 1692. While he was a canon of the cathedral of Antwerp, he was called to Rome by Innocent IX and made an assistant librarian of the Vatican Library.
  
• - Theologian, born at Fliess in the valley of the Upper Inn in the Tyrol, Austria, 15 August, 1785; died at Brixen, 10 January, 1844.
  
• - Ecclesiastical province of Rio de Janeiro, the third of the seven constituting the Brazilian episcopate.
  
• - A titular see in Phrygia Pacatiana, suffragan of Laodicea.
  
• - "Let the priest who dares to make known the sins of his penitent be deposed...."
  
• - Diocese in Hungary, and Suffragen of Gran. It was formed in 1777 from the dioceses of Gyor and Veszprem.
  
• - A titular see, suffragan of Sebastia in Armenia Prima.
  
• - The word seminary (Fr. séminaire, Ger. Seminar) is sometimes used, especially in Germany, to designate a group of university students devoted to a special line of work. The same word is often applied in England and the United States to young ladies' acad
  
• - The object of apostolic schools is to cultivate vocations for the foreign missions. Apostolic schools, as distinct from junior ecclesiastical seminaries, owe their origin to Father Alberic de Foresta.
  
• - Writer, born at Barrow-upon-Humber, Lincolnshire, in 1623; died in 1710.
  
• - Chronology of the area and the people.
  
• - They may be of wood, stone, or bricks.
  
• - English musical composer (1512-1563)
  
• - In the technical sense of the term, spiritual direction is that function of the sacred ministry by which the Church guides the faithful to the attainment of eternal happiness.
  
• - Vicariate Apostolic, to which is joined the Prefecture Apostolic of Senegal (Senegalensis), both in French West Africa.
  
• - Seats in a choir, wholly or partly enclosed on the back and sides.
  
• - English martyr, b. at Skelsmergh, near Kendal, Westmoreland; suffered at Lincoln with [the Venerable] Thomas Hunt, 11 July, 1600.
  
• - Although the Latin holds the chief place among the liturgical languages in which the Mass is celebrated and the praise of God recited in the Divine Offices, yet the Slavonic language comes next to it among the languages widely used throughout the world in
  
• - Born at Grottamare near Montalto, 13 December, 1521; elected 24 April, 1585; crowned 1 May, 1585; died in the Quirinal, 27 August, 1590.
  
• - Sculptor of the transition period at the end of the fifteenth and beginning of the sixteenth century. Born at Monte San Sovino, Arezzo, 1460; died 1529.
  
• - Located in Sweden.
  
• - The opening words of two companion hymns, one of which (Stabat Mater Dolorosa) is in liturgical use, while the other (Stabat Mater Speciosa) is not.
  
• - The diocese was originally founded by Birinus, who in 634 established his see at Dorchester in Oxfordshire, whence he evangelized the Kingdom of Wessex. From this sprang the later Dioceses of Winchester, Sherborne, Ramsbury, and Salisbury.
  
• - Spanish Franciscan, date of birth unknown; died about 1491.
  
• - Diocese in Spain.
  
• - Slomšek, Anton Martin, Bishop of Lavant, in Maribor, Styria, Austria, noted Slovenian educator, born 1800; died 24 Sept., 1862.
  
• - Located in Norway.
  
• - Suffragan of St. Paul, comprises all that part of the State of South Dakota east of the Missouri River.
  
• - A titular see in Paphlagonia, suffragan of Gangra.
  
• - The exact date of the foundation of the See of St. Andrews is, like any others in the earliest history of the Scottish Church, difficult, if not impossible, to fix.
  
• - A titular see in Augusta Euphratensis, suffragan of Hierapolis.
  
• - Chemist, b. at St. Thomas, West Indies, 11 March, 1818; d. at Boulogne, 1 July, 1881.
  
• - A German wood engraver, pupil of Durer, b. at Nuremburg in 1490; d. there in 1540. Best known as an engraver, but also an artist of repute.
  
• - The name of Simon occurs in all the passages of the Gospel and Acts, in which a list of the Apostles is given.
  
• - The imperial residence and second capital of Russia, lies at the mouth of the Neva on the Gulf of Finland.
  
• - Catholic controversialist, historian, and devotional writer, born at Dublin, 1547; died at Brussels, 1618.
  
• - Franciscan missionary to South America. (1549-1610)
  
• - A religious congregation having its general mother house at Rome, founded in 1880 by Mother Francis Xavier Cabrini.
  
• - The question of the reality of the soul and its distinction from the body is among the most important problems of philosophy, for with it is bound up the doctrine of a future life.
  
• - Born 1045; died at Muret, 8 February, 1124, founder of the Abbey and Order of Grandmont.
  
• - Date of birth unknown; died in February or March, 931.
  
• - Publisher and printer, b. at Gernsheim on the Rine about 1425; d. at Mainz in 1503.
  
• - Prince-abbot of St. Gall and cardinal, b. at Milan, 10 January, 1644, d. at Rome, 4 September, 1696.
  
• - Two bishops of Bourges bore this name.
  
• - St. Sabina, martyr in 126 or 127, at Rome. Feast day is 29 August.
  
• - A name frequently given to the conservative majority in the East in the fourth century as opposed to the strict Arians.
  
• - Diocese in Victoria, Australia; suffragan of Melbourne.
  
• - The term Semites is applied to a group of peoples closely related in language, whose habitat is Asia and partly Africa.
  
• - One of the many examples of the legend about a man who falls asleep and years after wakes up to find the world changed.
  
• - A theologian, born at Donzdorf, Würtemberg, 11 Sept., 1800; died at Freiburg im Breisgau, 19 Jan., 1856.
  
• - Martyred with her seven sons at Tibur (Tivoli) towards the end of the reign of Emperor Hadrian (117-138). The story of their martyrdom is told in an old Passio, the reliability of which is seriously questioned by many modern hagiologists.
  
• - Author of one of the Greek versions of the Old Testament included by Origen in his Hexapla and Tetrapla. Some fragments of this version survive in what remains of the Hexapla.
  
• - Date of birth unknown; died in Sept., 891.
  
• - English martyr, born in the Diocese of Chester; executed at Gloucester, 11 August, 1586.
  
• - Daughter of Herod Philip and Herodias at whose request John the Baptist was beheaded.
  
• - Titular see in Mauretania Sitifensis.
  
• - Removal of the altar-cloths, vases of flowers, antipendium, and other ornaments, so that nothing remains but the cross and the candlesticks with the candles extinguished.
  
• - Augustinian writer and preacher. (d. 1390)
  
• - Author, b. in New York, 28 Jan., 1835; d. there, 15 Mar., 1905.
  
• - Diocese in Albania, established in 1062.
  
• - A titular see in Augusta Euphratensis, suffragan of Hierapolis, capital of Commagenum.
  
• - Bishop of Paris, born of humble parents at Sully-sur-Loire (Soliacum), near Orléans, at the beginning of the twelfth century; died at Paris, 11 Sept., 1196.
  
• - Cardinal, humanist, and reformer (1477-1547)
  
• - Second Bishop of Quebec, b. at Grenoble, France, 14 Nov. 1653; d. at Quebec, Canada, 26 Dec., 1727; son of Jean de La Croix de Chevrières, and Marie de Sayne.
  
• - First bishop of Toulouse, third-century martyr. Feast day is 29 November.
  
• - The City of St. Joseph, Missouri, was founded by Joseph Robidoux, a Catholic. At the Second Plenary Council of Baltimore in 1866, St. Joseph was among the new episcopal sees proposed.
  
• - The word solemnity is here used to denote the amount of intrinsic or extrinsic pomp with which a feast is celebrated.
  
• - The mountain on which the Mosaic Law was given.
  
• - All writers on the spiritual life uniformly recommend, nay, command under penalty of total failure, the practice of silence.
  
• - The Spanish navigator Alvaro Mendana de Neyra discovered the Islands of Ysabel, Guadalcanar, and San Christoval in 1567.
  
• - English exile - Born at Charlwood, Surrey, in 1530; died in Ireland, 1581.
  
• - Restorer of the Scholastic philosophy in Italy, b. at Naples, 1811; d. there of cholera, 16 Nov., 1865.
  
• - Archdiocese comprising the Department of the Yonne.
  
• - The name, as appears from its origin, denotes those individuals or parties who are distinguished by some peculiar opinion or practice in regard to the observance of the Sabbath or day of rest.
  
• - Diocese in the Argentine Republic, erected 25 March, 1907, suffragan of Buenos Aires.
  
• - From the time of Diotrephes (III John 1:9-10) there have been continual schisms, of which the greater number were in the East.
  
• - Martyrs on the Island of Corcyra (Corfu) in the second century. Their names are Saturninus, Insischolus, Faustianus, Januarius, Marsalius, Euphrasius, and Mammius.
  
• - A Russian diocese, also called Telshi (Telshe), including the part of Lithuania lying on the Baltic.
  
• - Military officer, b. in Dungannon County Tyrone, Ireland, 12 Dec., 1810; d. at Ottumwa, Iowa, 1 June, 1879.
  
• - Born in Quebec, Canada, February, 1667; killed, 1707. Entering the SÈminaire des Missions Etrangères of Quebec, he was ordained in 1690 and after serving for a time at Minas, Nova Scotia (then Acadia), was assigned to the western mission.
  
• - Eighteen apocryphal psalms, extant in Greek, probably translated from a Hebrew, or an Aramaic original, commonly assigned to the first century B.C.
  
• - Jesuit, b. at Draycot, 28 Nov., 1748; d. at St. Helens, 22 Aug., 1834.
  
• - Oratorian, Papal envoy, b. of a noble and ancient family in the Duchy of Monferrato, Piedmont, 1596; d. at Rome, 14 Oct., 1656.
  
• - Established in 1658-63, its chief founders being Mgr Pallu, Bishop of Heliopolis, Vicar Apostolic of Tongking, and Mgr Lambert de la Motte, Bishop of Bertyus, Vicar Apostolic of Conchin-China.
  
• - A numerous tribe of Panoan linguistic stock, formerly centring about the Pisqui and Aguaitia tributaries of the upper Ucayali River, Province of Loreto, north-eastern Peru, and now found as boatmen or labourers along the whole course of that stream.
  
• - In his Instruction on sacred music, commonly referred to as the Motu Proprio (22 Nov., 1903), Pius X says (no. 3): "Special efforts are to be made to restore the use of Gregorian chant by the people, so that the faithful may again take a more active
  
• - Titular metropolis in Phrygia Salutaris. Synnada is said to have been founded by Acamas who went to Phrygia after the Trojan war and took some Macedonian colonists.
  
• - Born at Wesel, Lower Rhine, 12 Feb., 1829; d. at Kerkrade, Holland, 20 Nov., 1885.
  
• - A noble French family of the seventeenth century devoted to trade and to the publication of works on commercial matters.
  
• - The Archdiocese of Salzburg is conterminous with the Austrian crown-land of the same name.
  
• - A Swiss bishopric directly subject to the Holy See. It includes the Canton of St. Gall and, as a temporary arrangement, the two half-cantons of Appenzell Outer Rhodes and Appenzell Inner Rhodes.
  
• - A small tribe speaking a distinct language of Salishan linguistic stock, formerly occupying the territory about the entrance of Jervis and Sechelt inlets, Nelson Island, and south Texada Island.
  
• - In Rome, originally founded for the use of Spanish Franciscans during the pontificate of Gregory XV.
  
• - Diplomatist (1814-1875)
  
• - At first an expression of popular fury analogous to "lynching", later came to be a natural and legally recognized method of execution.
  
• - English confessor; d. in Marshalsea prison, London, probably in February or March, 1585-6.
  
• - That adoption of man by God in virtue of which man becomes His sons and heirs.
  
• - Diocese in Lower Austria.
  
• - Jewish scribe who together with Hillel made up the last of "the pairs", or as they are sometimes erroneously named, "presidents and vice-presidents" of the Sanhedrin.
  
• - A titular see, suffragan of Melitene in Armenia Secunda.
  
• - Diocese erected in 1850 as suffragan of Bordeaux, includes the Island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean about 350 miles cast of Madagascar.
  
• - The name given to the Macedonian dynasty, which was founded by Seleucus, a general under Alexander the Great.
  
• - Executed at Tyburn, 19 June, 1535. With him suffered Blessed William Exmew and Blessed Humphrey Middlemore.
  
• - The suppressions of religious houses (whether monastic in the strict sense or houses of the mendicant orders) since the Reformation.
  
• - Born at Wombourn, Staffordshire, 1558; suffered at Warwick, 16 July, 1604.
  
• - The name of a German noble family, many members of which were prelates of the Church.
  
• - A tribe of Salishan linguistic stock, closely connected with the Skagit. They formerly held the territory about the mouth of the river Skagit together with the adjacent portion of Whidbey Island.
  
• - Location and origins of shrines.
  
• - This Saba (Sheba) must not be confounded with Saba (Seba) in Ethiopia of Is., xliii, 3; xlv, 14. It lies in the Southern Arabian Jôf about 200 miles north-west of Aden.
  
• - Date of birth unknown; d. 19, July, 514. According to the "Liber pontificalis" (ed. Duchesne, I, 260) he was a native of Sardinia.
  
• - University in Manila, founded in 1619 by the Dominican Miguel de Benavides, Archbishop of Manila.
  
• - Born at Tarnow, 1835; d. at Cracow, 1883.
  
• - Technically in canon law the crime of making use of the Sacrament of Penance, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of drawing others into sins of lust.
  
• - German physicist, b. 5 Feb., 1608, at Königshofen; d. 12 or 22 May, 1666, at Augsburg.
  
• - English poet and dramatist (1596-1666)
  
• - A titular see in Africa Proconsularis, suffragan of Carthage. Perhaps the name should be written Scilium: the real name was possibly Scilli, or better, Scili.
  
• - Diocese of Springfield (Campifontis) in Massachusetts, erected in June, 1870.
  
• - Formerly a Premonstratensian, now a Benedictine, abbey, situated on the Isar not far from Munich in Upper Bavaria. It was founded in 762 by the priest Waltrich and dedicated to St. Dionysius.
  
• - Painter - Born at Benyfayro, Valenciz, Spain, in 1513 or 1515; died at Madrid, 1590.
  
• - Customary name for all the Slavonic races.
  
• - Cremonese violin-maker, b. in 1649 or 1650; d. at Cremona, 18 or 19 Dec., 1737.
  
• - Doctor Eximius, a pious and eminent theologian, as Paul V called him, born at Granada, 5 January, 1548; died at Lisbon, 25 September, 1617.
  
• - The violation or injurious treatment of a sacred object. In a less proper sense any transgression against the virtue of religion would be a sacrilege.
  
• - A general term for ecclesiastical gatherings under hierarchical authority, for the discussion and decision of matters relating to faith, morals, or discipline. It corresponds to the Latin word concilium.
  
• - A confederation in the central part of Western Europe, made up of twenty-two cantons, three of which are divided into half-cantons.
  
• - This mission was separated in 1894 from Northern Shan-Tung and erected into a vicariate Apostolic.
  
• - Also called Way of the Cross, Via Crucis, and Via Dolorosa.
  
• - The present Church of St. Peter stands upon the site where at the beginning of the first century the gardens of Agrippina lay.
  
• - Writer, b. at Paris, 6 Feb., 1626; d. at Grignan, 18 April, 1696. She was the granddaughter of St. Jane Frances de Chantal.
  
• - Orientalist and exegete (1704-1770).
  
• - Bolognese painter, born about 1360; died about 1410.
  
• - The religion of a warlike sect of India, having its origin in the Punjab and its centre in the holy City of Amritsar, where their sacred books are preserved and worshipped.
  
• - An authorization given to religious with solemn vows and by extension to those with simple vows to live for a time or permanently in the "world".
  
• - A titular see in Pamphylia Prima, suffragan of Side.
  
• - Born in the County of Kent, England, about 1165; died in the Carmelite monastery at Bordeaux, France, 16 May, 1265. On account of his English birth he is also called Simon Anglus.
  
• - The Diocese of Seattle (Seattlensis) comprises the entire State of Washington, U.S.A.
  
• - Journalist, b. in London, 24 Nov., 1828; d. at Brighton, 8 Dec., 1895, having been received into the Church before death.
  
• - French poet and dramatist, b. in Paris, 4 July, 1610; d. 7 October, 1660.
  
• - (Catholic Encyclopedia)
  
• - Founded at Paris by M. Olier (1642) for the purpose of providing directors for the seminaries established by him.
  
• - Easter Catholic See in Syria.
  
• - Diocese erected by Decree of 16 September, 1904. It embraces the southern parts of the districts of Thunder Bay, Algoma, and Nipissing (i.e. between the height of land and the Lakes Superior Huron, and Nipissing.
  
• - Diocese in Spain, suffragan of Toledo.
  
• - A titular see in Armenia Prima, suffragan of Sebastia. The primitive name of this city was Carana, dependent on Zela, which was included in the principality given toAteporix by Anthony of or Augustus.
  
• - Dominican missionary in India and Africa, b. at Evora, Portugal; d. at Goa in 1622.
  
• - Abbot, born at Motterwitz near Leisnig (or Moderwitz near Meustadt an der Orla) about 1460; died at Salzburg, 28 Dec., 1524.
  
• - Italian preacher and writer. (d. 1348)
  
• - A titular see in Lycia, suffragan of Myra; mentioned by Ptolemy.
  
• - English martyr, b. in Norfolk, England; martyred at Fleet Street, London, on 2 July, 1591.
  
• - One who guards the church edifice, its treasures, vestments, etc., and as an inferior minister attends to burials, bell-ringings and similar offices about a church.
  
• - Diocese in the Province of Avellino, Southern Italy. The city was established by the Lombards at an unknown period.
  
• - Born at Stara Wola, near Cracow, 1585; died at Cracow, 1656; studied at Louvain, but took his degrees in the University of Cracow, after which he travelled in various countries of Western Europe.
  
• - Martyrs at Rome during the Diocletian persecution (302 or 303).
  
• - Days on which in the early Church fast was observed until the Hour of None (between twelve and three o'clock), later of Sext (nine to twelve), as distinct from the strict observance of the fast day proper until Vespers (three to six).
  
• - Italian Humanist b. in Tuscany, 1331; d. 4 May, 1406.
  
• - Not definitively established until 1585, its real founder being Don Pedro Cerbunc, Prior of the Cathedral of Saragossa, and later Bishop of Tarrazona.
  
• - Erected by a Decree of 30 June, 1911, and entrusted to the Dutch Capuchins.
  
• - Salvation has in Scriptural language the general meaning of liberation from straitened circumstances or from other evils, and of a translation into a state of freedom and security.
  
• - Composer, born at Magolati, near Jesi, Ancona, 14 Nov., 1774; died there, 14 Jan., 1851.
  
• - German historian, b. at Luxemburg, 23 July, 1683; d. at Heidleberg, 6 March, 1739.
  
• - Sacred Scripture is one of the several names denoting the inspired writings which make up the Old and New Testament.
  
• - Tribe of Panoan linguistic stock formerly centering about the confluence of the Manoa with the Ucayali River, Loreto province, north-eastern Peru.
  
• - Diocese in Styria, Austria, suffragan of Salzburg. The See of Seckau was founded by Archbishop Eberhard II of Salzburg, with the permission of Honorius III, 22 June, 1218.
  
• - English priest, missionary to his native land, imprisoned several times, once deported, finally martyred for the crime of being a priest. He was executed at Tyburn, 28 June, 1654.
  
• - German Orientalist and exegete, b. at Kapsdorf, near Breslau, 8 Feb., 1794; d. at Bonn, 20 Oct. 1852. He studied in the Catholic gymnasium and the University of Breslau.
  
• - A German friar, reputed the inventor of gunpowder and firearms. There has been much difference of opinion regarding the bearer of this name and his share in the discovery attributed to him.
  
• - A titular see of North Africa. Sufetula seems to be Suthul where Jugurtha had deposited his treasures.
  
• - Titular see in Asia Minor suffragan of Ephesus.
  
• - The westernmost and largest of the five tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy of central and western New York.
  
• - The thirty-ninth state, admitted to the Union on 2 November, 1889.
  
• - The name given to two series of propositions containing modern religious errors condemned respectively by Pius IX (1864) and Pius X (1907).
  
• - Printer, b. at Schwanheim, Frankfort, Germany; d. in Rome, 1477.
  
• - Hexaemeron signifies a term of six days, or, technically, the history of the six days' work of creation, as contained in the first chapter of Genesis.
  
• - A Benedictine monastery in Department of Sarthe, near Sablé, France.
  
• - Born at Besanduk, near Eleutheropolis, in Judea, after 310; died in 403. While very young he followed the monastic life in Egypt . On his return founded a monastery at Besanduk and was ordained to the priesthood.
  
• - University in Nova Scotia founded in 1885 under the name of St. Francis Xavier's College
  
• - English martyr, suffered at York, 15 June, 1598.
  
• - Date of birth unknown; died about August, 897.
  
• - The name properly given to the belief that the living can and do communicate with the spirits of the departed, and to the various practices by which such communication is attempted.
  
• - Article on the school of philosophy inspired by John Duns Scotus, and its proponents in the fourteenth through nineteenth centuries.
  
• - A vague term used by explorers of Siberia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to designate not a specific religion but a form of savage magic or science, by which physical nature was believed to be brought under the control of man.
  
• - One of the Saxon-Thuringian duchies.
  
• - Jesuit (1652-1732)
  
• - Bavarian hagiographer, b. at Parkstetten, in the Diocese of Ratisbon, 24 Dec., 1804; d. at Augsburg, 30 Dec., 1868.
  
• - A celebrated town of the Peloponnesus, mentioned several times under this name or under that of Lacedæmon in the Bible.
  
• - A Coptic abbot. The years 332-33-34 and 350 are mentioned as the date of his birth, and the years 451-52 and 466 as the date of his death, all authors agreeing that he lived about 118 years.
  
• - The religious organization which has for three centuries and a half claimed the adherence of the majority of the inhabitants of Scotland, may be said to date from August 1560.
  
• - A convenient term under which to include the monastic institutions which were founded during the sixth century in the country now known as Scotland, though that name was not used in its present sense until four hundred years later.
  
• - Vast desert of northern Africa, measuring about 932 miles from north to south and 2484 miles from east to west, and dotted with oases which are centres of population.
  
• - Also called Amandus, a name adopted in his writings. German mystic, born at Constance on 21 March, about 1295; died at Ulm, 25 January, 1366.
  
• - Numerous throughout the world; some are international in scope, some are national; some diocesan and others parochial.
  
• - English martyr, suffered at Newcastle-under-Lyme, 30 April, 1618.
  
• - A Chaldean see, erected in 1853, its subjects being partly in Persia and partly in Turkey at Suleimanieh.
  
• - A titular see in Africa Proconsularis, suffragan of Carthage.
  
• - A fixed pay, salary; retribution for work done; the income of an ecclesiastical living.
  
• - At Quaracchi, near Florence, Italy, famous as the centre of literary activity in the Order of Friars Minor, was founded 14 July, 1879, by Mgr. Bernardino del Vago, Archbishop of Sardis, then minister general of the order.
  
• - An American author, born 7 August, 1843, at Rochester, N. Y.; died 23 April, 1909, at Monterey, California.
  
• - A Gnostic, Antinomian sect of the second century which regarded Simon Magus as its founder and which traced its doctrines back to him.
  
• - Diocese in the Province of Turin, Piedmont, Northern Italy.
  
• - Painter, b. At Munich, 1811; d. at Rome, 1888.
  
• - A place for the teaching and practice of ecclesiastical chant, or a body of singers banded together for the purpose of rendering the music in church.
  
• - Something conferred on nature that is above all the powers (vires) of created nature.
  
• - French writer (1797-1874).
  
• - A doctrine of grace advocated by monks of Southern Gaul at and around Marseilles after 428.
  
• - A Russian possession in Asia forming the northern third of that continent.
  
• - Consists of the civil territory which for over 1000 years (754-1870) acknowledged the pope as temporal ruler.
  
• - Prefecture apostolic comprising the only French possession in North America, a group of islands.
  
• - The northern portion of the Island of Great Britain.
  
• - Pioneer missionary of South Africa, b. 23 Feb, 1526, at Almeirim, about forty miles from Lisbon; martyred 6 March, 1561.
  
• - A tribe of some importance formerly holding the south coast of Vancouver Island, B.C.
  
• - The twin provinces of the Canadian West, so called because they were formed on the same day.
  
• - A confraternity or sodality is a voluntary association of the faithful, established and guided by competent ecclesiastical authority for the promotion of special works of Christian charity or piety.
  
• - Succeeded St. Alexander and was followed by St. Telesphorus.
  
• - A Greek manuscript of the Old and New Testaments, of the greatest antiquity and value; found on Mount Sinai, in St. Catherine's Monastery, by Constantine Tischendorf.
  
• - Exegete, born at Gubbio, Umbria, 1496; died at Venice, 1549.
  
• - Dramatist, prose writer, and politician, b. at Drumdowny, County Kilkenny, Ireland, 17 August, 1791; d. at, Florence, Italy, 25 May, 1851.
  
• - Latin Studium, the most important monastery at Constantinople, situated not far from the Propontis in the section of the city called Psamathia.
  
• - Naval officer, b. in Charles County, Maryland, U.S.A., 27 September, 1809; d. at Point Clear, Alabama, 26 August, 1877.
  
• - Archdiocese; the chief ecclesiastical division of the Canadian West, so-called after the patron saint of the German soldiers who were among its first settlers.
  
• - Discussion of the science by this name.
  
• - Soldier, lawyer, born at Cork, Ireland, 15 March, 1821; died at Cincinnati, Ohio, 2 March 1883.
  
• - One of the three chief furnishings of the Holy of the Tabernacle and the Temple. In reality it was an elaborate lampstand, set on the south side of the Holy Place.
  
• - Diocese in the Province of Cuneo, Piedmont, Upper Italy.
  
• - Called "Doctor Subtilis," Franciscan, philosopher, d. 1308.
  
• - The names of two civil provinces in the Visayan group of the Philippines.
  
• - Religious scholar/author - Born at Cordova, 1550; died in the college of Granada, 19 May, 1610.
  
• - Explains the meaning of the term "sanctity" as employed in somewhat different senses in relation to God, to individual men, and to a corporate body.
  
• - A politico-religious alliance formally concluded on 27 Feb., 1531, at Smalkalden in Hesse-Nassau, among German Protestant princes and cities for their mutual defence.
  
• - The collective name of a group of tribes in southwestern Bolivia.
  
• - Son of Franz Seraph Streber, b. at Munich, 27 Sept., 1839; d. at Tölz, 9 Aug., 1896.
  
• - Benedictine monastery, originally dedicated to Sts. Peter and Paul, founded in 605 outside of the City of Canterbury, on the site of the earlier Church of St. Pancras.
  
• - To the general consideration set forth in the article hymnody and hymnology must be added some bearing particularly on the structure and liturgical use of hymns (madrashe), exclusive of poetical homilies or discourses (mimre), which belong to the narrativ
  
• - Poet, writer on aesthetics, and literary historian, the "Messias" of the Romantic School, b. at Hanover, 10 March, 1772; d. at Dresden, 12 January, 1829.
  
• - Pragmatic sanction meant in the latter period of the Roman Empire an edict formally issued by the emperor.
  
• - A titular metropolitan see of Dacia Mediterranea. The true name of the city (now Sophia, the capital of Bulgaria) was Serdica.
  
• - rtsist - Born at Sassoferrato in the March of Ancona, 1609; died at Rome, 1689.
  
• - Born at Lucan near Dublin, about 1650; died at Huy in Belgium, 1693. Commanded armies in several European countries.
  
• - First Christian martyr.
  
• - Theologian, b. at Ferrara about 1474; d. at Rennes, 19 Sept., 1526.
  
• - Bishop of Winchester (d. 862). One of the two trusted counsellors of Egbert, King of the West Saxons
  
• - Synderesis, or more correctly synteresis, is a term used by the Scholastic theologians to signify the habitual knowledge of the universal practical principles of moral action.
  
• - Jesuit theologian, born at Kötzting, Bavaria (Diocese of Ratisbon), 30 Jan., 1728; died at Munich, 21 Aug., 1797.
  
• - Embracing Atacama and Coquimbo provinces (Chile), suffragan of Santiago, erected 1 July, 1840.
  
• - Scholar of the seventeenth century, born at Riom in the Department of Puy-de-Dome, France, October, 1559; died in Paris, 7 October 1651.
  
• - Created a diocese 2 July, 1826; raised to the rank of an archdiocese 20 July, 1847.
  
• - A twelfth-century philosopher of Neo-Platonic tendencies.
  
• - Archdiocese of Syracuse (Syracusana) in Sicily.
  
• - In scholastic terminology, species is the necessary determinant of every cognitive process.
  
• - Canon regular, Abbot of St-Victor, Paris, and Bishop of Avranches, b. about 1100; d. 1172.
  
• - A Déné tribe whose habitat is on both sides of the Rockies.
  
• - Came to the United States at the very rise of the American Hierarchy.
  
• - Theologian and historian, b. at Freising in Bavaria, 15 January, 1722; d. at Welchenberg, 16 July, 1795.
  
• - A tribe of the great Déné family of American Indians, so called apparently from the fact that the Crees drove it back to its original northern haunts.
  
• - A Benedictine theologian and canonist, b. at Bamberg, 24 October 1722; d. in the monastery of Banz near Bamberg, 21 September, 1797.
  
• - Founder of the African dynasty of Roman emperors, b. at Leptis Magna in Africa, 11 April, 146; d. at York, England, 4 February, 211.
  
• - The opening words of the hymn for Matins of the Feast of the Holy Family.
  
• - English martyr, b. at Ghisburn, Yorkshire; executed at York, 24 September, 1589.
  
• - Diocese comprising the Department of the Vosges.
  
• - History of the changes in the language as affected by the changing religious and ethnic culture of the land.
  
• - Presents the necessity, the nature, the origin/cause, the number, the effects, the minister, and the recipient of the Sacraments.
  
• - Bishop and confessor (d. 565)
  
• - A titular see in Phoenicia Prima, suffragan of Tyre. It is mentioned for the first time in the voyage of an Egyptian in the fourteenth century B.C. Chabas, "Voyage d'un Egyptien" .
  
• - Known also by the Latin name of Somonides, b. at Lemberg, 1558; d. 1629.
  
• - The legal title of a Catholic boarding-school at Collegeville, Minnesota, conducted by the Benedictine Fathers of St. John's Abbey.
  
• - Author, b. at Ehingen, in the Diocese of Constance, 9 Nov., 1732; d. at Munich, 20 Apr., 1792.
  
• - French bishop. (1360-1422)
  
• - One of the Saxon duchies in the east of Thuringia; situated on the west frontier of the Kingdom of Saxony.
  
• - Siam, "the land of the White Elephant" or the country of the Muang Thai (the Free).
  
• - St. Peter's true and original name was Simon, sometimes occurring in the form Symeon.
  
• - Reigned 384-399.
  
• - Indisputably the leader of Latin Averroism during the sixth and seventh decades of the thirteenth century.
  
• - Diocese in the Province of New Brunswick, Canada.
  
• - Since the fifteenth century, and possibly even earlier, the "Holy House" of Loreto has been numbered among the most famous shrines of Italy.
  
• - Reigned 1009-1012.
  
• - Writer and artist, born at Deerfield, Massachusetts, 29 August, 1824; died at Durand, Illinois, 8 September, 1901.
  
• - Painter, b. at Berlin, 1789; d. at Düsseldorf, 1862. He was the son of the sculptor, Johann Gottfried Schadow of Berlin.
  
• - The capital of the vilayet of Aïdin and the starting-point of several railways.