Castles Fortifications Building Types

Fortified habitations, usually built and occupied during medieval times. Castle replicas built as homes in later centuries and not intended for defence are not included in this category, unless the replica is a faithful reconstruction of an historical building on its original site.

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• Hwasongsong Castle - Henny Savenije describes the construction of this fortress built (1794-1796) in Suwon, Korea by King Jeongjo. He includes the original drawings for it from the manuscript book Hwasong Seongyeok Uigwe.
  
• Castles of Tuscany - P.Ramponi's comprehensive guide navigated via an index and interactive maps. Readable history and photographs for each of the many castles or walled towns.
  
• Medieval Castles in Finland - Beautiful photographs from Virtual Finland, with readable history by Dr. Carl Jacob Gardberg, State archaeologist.
  
• Castles - Images and descriptions of several castles in Europe and Himeji Castle, Japan, with references, from Great Buildings Online.
  
• Coca Castle, Spain - History, description and photographs of this spectacular 15th century castle, brick-built by Don Alonso de Fonseca in the Mudejar (Moorish) style. Geocities pop-up banners.
  
• Egeskov Castle - Renaissance moated castle in Denmark from 1554 with information in English, Danish and German. Includes a large park with beautiful gardens, and an old-timer museum.
  
• Wikipedia: Krak des Chevaliers - An illustrated history of the great Crusader castle in Syria.
  
• Topcastles - Robert Rongen presents images and brief details of hundreds of medieval castles, sorted by country, region and castle type. Includes a quick guide to castle types with plans, and a list of the top 100 castles, as rated by surfers.
  
• Helfstyn Castle - Roman Derych provides an illustrated introduction to the history and architectural development of one of the best preserved castle complexes in the Czech Republic.
  
• Castle of Sypesteyn - The official site of this mock-medieval castle in Netherlands built around 1900 by C.H.C.A. van Sypesteyn, who intended it as an authentic reconstruction.
  
• Castles of the Middle Ages - An introduction to castles - their purpose, rooms, and defenses - and descriptions of some of the most famous in the UK, France, Italy, Germany, Spain and Eastern Europe. Includes weddings in castles.
  
• Castles and Castle Ruins in the Netherlands - Enthusiast Marko Tjemmes supplies clear histories of castles close to his home in Rotterdam, illustrated with photographs, earlier images and ground plans. Bibliography.
  
• Castles of the Crown of Castile - A bilingual site, English and Spanish, about the castles of this ancient Spanish kingdom. The castles are arranged by geographical category.
  
• Treasures and Mysteries of the Malbork Castle - Tourist guide Czeslaw Pajak describes the attractions of this medieval brick castle in Poland, once headquarters of the Teutonic Knights.
  
• ORB Bibliographies: Castles - Over 1600 citations of works on castles from the Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies.
  
• Hohensalzburg Castle - Guide about the Hohensalzburg castle in Salzburg, Austria.
  
• Castles and Fortresses in 3D - Jeffrey Cooper's photographs of castles and fortresses in Europe, including some in three dimensions, with instructions on how to view.
  
• Castles of the World - Extensive collection of castles, palaces, fortresses and monasteries. Organized with search engine, maps, descriptions, photos and a directory.
  
• Torrione Castle - An Italian fortress dating from the Middle Ages, though much altered. History and archival images.
  
• Medieval castles - Informative website containing the history of the castles built in the Dark Ages. It also features stories and torture devices employed.
  
• Castles of Poland - Information about castles presently within the Polish borders illustrated with photographs, plans, drawings, sketches and reconstructions. Search engine and detailed map are available.
  
• Castles of the United States - Castle-fan Jim is building himself a mock-medieval home. Here he gathers images of other imitation castles in the US.
  
• Hohensalzburg Fortress - Fortress in Salzburg, Austria, built in 1077. One of the largest fully preserved fortresses in central Europe.
  
• The Castle of Lari - This medieval castle near Pisa, Italy, was transformed over the centuries into a luxurious governor's residence. An illustrated history, guide to notable buildings of Lari, and visitor information.
  
• Medieval Siege - Companion site to the NOVA program on castles.
  
• Castle Land - Photographs of castles and ruins in Europe (Slovakia, Czech Republic, Austria, Hungary) with brief history and location.
  
• Trakoscan - A much-reconstructed castle in Croatia which is now a museum. History and architectural development, Draskovic family, location map, floor plans, tour, and visitor information.
  
• Castles: British and Irish - Amateur photographs with brief description of castles in Ireland and the United Kingdom.
  
• Castle Tirol - Photographs and outline history of this medieval castle in Northern Italy - now a museum - from Dorf Tirol.
  
  

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