History Astronomy

Astronomy is the scientific study of objects and phenomena beyond the earth's atmosphere by means other than visiting them or sending probes. The history of astronomy is the study of the development of astronomy from the earliest written records to somewhere very near the present time. This category is not limited to Western astronomy. The written history of other astronomical traditions will be listed here.

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• Digital Archive of Historical Astronomy Pictures - Images from the history of astronomy, old telescopes, pictures of astronomers, observatories.
  
• Rundetaarn (The Round Tower) - Astronomy in Denmark: Brahe, Roemer, Hertzsprung.
  
• The Manchester Astronomical Society History - The first hundred years, list of presidents, list of archived documents.
  
• King Edward VI's Defence of Astronomy - Article by Heather Hobden on this historic document which shows the understanding of astronomy in the mid 16th century. Edward had his own astronomical instruments which are described.
  
• History of Astronomy - Offers a history of the field and science. Features links to related sites, awards and contact details. Provided by the Working Group for the History of Astronomy.
  
• Heavenly Mathematics: Cultural Astronomy - An interdisciplinary course on cultural astronomy.
  
• Astronomy in Japan - Historical and modern Japanese astronomy, and its place in Japanese culture
  
• Russell A. Hulse - Nobel Lecture - The discovery of the binary pulsar.
  
• Hindu Cosmological Time Cycles - An accurate calendar and the progenitor of the sexagesimal (base 60) "degree, minutes, seconds" measurement system.
  
• Roemer and the First Determination of the Velocity of Light - Burndy Library online publication of 1940 article detailing the background and details of Roemer's work.
  
• Astronomy - Features history of discoveries and references.
  
• Gene Smith's Brief History of Astronomy - Covers the development of this ancient science from days of Stonehenge (3100 BC) to the discovery of Pulsars (1968 AD). Includes related resource links.
  
• Out of This World - Exhibition catalog for The Golden Age of the Celestial Atlas. Includes an historical essay and sample pictures.
  
• Tycho's Star Maps - Celestial atlases and globes on exhibit at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich.
  
• Understanding Tidal Friction - Article by Peter Brosche on gaining understanding of changes in the Moon's orbit.
  
• The Star of Bethlehem - An investigation of the science and history which bear on the mysterious star said to have accompanied the advent of Christ.
  
• A History of X-ray Astronomy at Goddard - Describes observations using balloons, rockets and satellites.
  
• Telescopes from the Ground Up - The history of telescopes.
  
• Electronic Newsletter for the History of Astronomy - Complete archive and subscription information.
  
• Atlas Celeste - A rare celestial atlas discovered in the library of the Manchester Astronomical Society.
  
• History of SETI - An overview of the history of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence using radio frequencies. Includes photos.
  
• Biennial History of Astronomy Conferences - Workshops at Notre Dame, papers presented, abstracts, group pictures of attendees.
  
• Big Ear Radio Observatory - Radio astronomy and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
  
• Northern California History of Astronomy Luncheon and Discussion Association - Announcements of discussions (in Oakland, California), open to the public, on various astronomy history topics, and an archive of past discussions
  
• The Society For The History Of Astronomy - Academic and popular topics, with a focus on Britain.
  
• HASTRO-L - Archive of the History of Astronomy Discussion Group, the mailing list for scholars in this field.
  
• Astronomy in Sweden 1860-1940 - From the Uppsala University Newsletter for History of Science.
  
• Historical Astronomy Division - American Astronomical Society division devoted to history, with a link to pages on the history of the society itself.
  
• History of Astronomy Pages - Frederik Kaiser (1808-1872) and the professionalisation of Dutch astronomy; The "Lost Letters" of J.C. Kapteyn (1851-1922); Many history of astronomy and history of science links with a Dutch flavour.
  
• A Science Odyssey - Physics and Astronomy - PBS articles about 20th century astronomy and physics.
  
• The Àryabhatíya of Àryabhata - The oldest exact astronomic constant? The ratio of earth rotations to lunar orbits in Aryabhata's AD 498 writing.
  
• Jewish Astronomy, From Ancient to Modern Times - Astronomy in Israel from Og's Circle to the Wise Observatory.
  
• Astronomical References in the Ruba'iyât of Omar Khayyam - Excerpts and commentary with reproductions of some of Elihu Vedder's illustrations.
  
• A Brief SETI Chronology - A timeline of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, from Morrison and Coconni to SETI@home.
  
• History and Philosophy of Western Astronomy - The History chapter of an introductory astronomy course.
  
• Historiacoelestis - Yahoo group moderated by Stuart Williams, F.R.A.S.
  
• Starry Messenger - Phase I of the Electronic History of Astronomy, developed in the Whipple Museum of the History of Science at Trinity College, Cambridge. Covers the history of instruments and techniques, themes such as astrology and calendar reform, and biographies of maj
  
• The Babylonian Theory of the Planets - A substantial look at the subject, and a review of N. M. Swerdlow's book.
  
• Islamic Astronomy - Article by Owen Gingerich explores refinement and criticism of Ptolemaic astronomy, including religious influences on direction, and describes precursors to and influences on Copernicus.
  
• From Stargazers to Starships - Tutorial/historical exposition of the motion of Earth in space, Newtonian mechanics and spaceflight, on a high school level.
  
• Little Green Men, White Dwarfs or Pulsars? - A personal account by Jocelyn Bell Burnell on the discovery of pulsars.
  
• The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation - Robert Woodrow Wilson Nobel Lecture.
  
• Astronomy in the 18th Century - Discusses the development of reflective telescopes during the 1700's. Covers the different types of mirrors and lens that were used during these times. Includes some key contributors to the improvement of the telescope during this period.
  
• MuslimHeritage.com - Astronomy - Articles on astronomers, observatories, work performed and its significance from the ninth to the fifteenth centuries.
  
  

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