Evolution Biology

This category is for scientific sites about evolution in biology. Evolution is the process by which living things change over generations. Evolutionary biology is the study of how and why evolution occurs. An organism inherits traits from its parents through the genome. Mutations in these genes and/or the way they are read, or not read, can produce a new trait in the offspring. If a new trait makes these offspring better suited to their environment, they will be more successful at surviving and reproducing. This process is called natural selection, and it causes useful traits to become more common. The theory of evolution by natural selection was first proposed by Charles Darwin in his book “On the Origin of Species”, written in 1859.

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• The Mural of Primate Evolution - The American Museum of Natural History provides a mural, created by artist Jay Matternes, illustrating 50 million years of primate evolution.
  
• Triumph of Life - Companion to PBS series on evolution. Features essays, video clips, and special interactive features that explore the story of life on Earth.
  
• Songbird Shows How Evolution Works - BBC News article about study on Himalayan songbirds that suggests how one species can evolve into two.
  
• The Evolutionary Tales - Recasting of Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales" to present evolutionary theory and the pseudo-scientific nature of "creation science" and "intelligent design," by Ronald L. Ecker. Full text available online.
  
• Articles on Evolution - From the archives of the Boston Review.
  
• Zen Philosophy and Adaptation via Natural Selection - Article by Vaclav Petr on this subject.
  
• Evolution, Biology and Taxonomy - Provides articles on the history of the theory of evolution and the basics of biological evolution. Includes forums only available to members.
  
• Evolution of Horses - Information on the largest collection of fossil-horse skeletons in the world at the American Museum of Natural History.
  
• The Panda's Thumb - Group weblog on evolutionary theory, the claims of the anti-evolution movement, and the defence of the integrity of both science and science education.
  
• Evolution: The Festival - In 2009 Melbourne is hosting a public festival that will mark the 200th anniversary of Darwin’s birth. Provides information on events including exhibitions, film, forums, tours, dinners, lectures, debates and church services.
  
• Alec's Evolution Pages - Essays, articles, resources and links presenting scientific evidence for evolution and refuting creationist arguments. Demonstrates fallacies of Young Earth Creationism and Intelligent Design.
  
• Evolution Directory - Provides a means for evolutionary biologists, population biologists and scientists in related areas to post and distribute information about jobs, meetings, news and general announcements.
  
• Evolution of Evolvability - This paper shows how evolution tunes the content and frequency of genetic variation to enhance its evolvability, organising genetic systems into hierarchies. Genetic evolution is neither random nor blind.
  
• Evolution: The Festival 2009 - In 2009 Melbourne will host a public festival that will mark the 200th anniversary of Darwin’s birth and the 150th anniversary of the publication of his revolutionary book. Provides information on the events planned, the sponsors and festival news.
  
• This View of Life - A beginner's guide to a science-based understanding of evolution, accessible to the non-scientist. Present the topic of evolution in a scientifically accurate manner that avoids highly technical language.
  
• The Evolutionist's Prayer - An evolutionary poem unraveling the history and mystery of life.
  
• Frozen Evolution - Information on a book by Professor Jaroslav Flegr describing a variation on the theory of evolution, the frozen plasticity theory.
  
• A Post-Darwinian Probabilistic Model - A probabilistic model of biological evolution with a new interpretation of Darwinian natural selection and 3 examples: 1) 5 mass extinctions 2) hominization 3) the PO2PAL increase.
  
• Origin of Life: Prebiotic Synthesis of Amino Acids - Two articles discussing chemical evolution in light of the Zeeman effect and the lightning cloud experiments of Stanley Miller.
  
• Replicators: Evolutionary Powerhouses - Extensive and interactive educational resource providing information on biological and cultural evolution, language development and philosophy.
  
• Evolution: Darwin - Supporting material for the "Evolution" TV series. Includes informative activities.
  
• The Modern View of Evolution - Chapter from the Online Biology Book covering this subject in detail.
  
• Did Birds Evolve from Dinosaurs? - Article by Dr Marc Surtees arguing that the fossil record does not appear to provide indisputable evidence for the theory that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs.
  
• Evolution's Arrow - Web version of a book written by John Stewart about the direction of evolution and the future of humanity.
  
• Essays on Evolution - Essays on dinosaur origin and extinction, bird origin and flight, and human origin.
  
• Scientific American: 15 Answers to Creationist Nonsense - Review and critique of popular arguments against the theory of evolution by natural selection.
  
• Introduction to Phylogeny - University of California Museum of Paleontology virtual exhibit explores the relationship of phylogeny and evolution.
  
• The Evolution Evidence Page - A collection of articles about evolution, most of which deal primarily with human evolution, from a variety of sources. They include discussion of the anatomical, fossil and genetic evidence.
  
• Evolution: Fact and Theory - This article states that the most common misconception people have about evolution is that it is a theory. It then explains that evolution is a FACT and that it is Darwin's explanation of the process of evolution that is the theory.
  
• Vertebrate Flight Exhibit - Explores the physics of vertebrate flight, with particular emphasis on its origins and evolution.
  
• Radiation of the First Animals - Illustrated lecture transcript by Dr. Jere Lipps. Discussion of the evolutionary record of the pre-Cambrian period and the Cambrian explosion, including the traces and impacts of non-skeletal life forms.
  
• Fossil Horses - Article explaining how the discovery by Othniel Charles Marsh of certain horse fossils demonstrated the evolution of the horse and provided credible evidence to back up Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.
  
• Evolution: The Panda's Thumb - One of the classic stories of evolution is the riddle of the giant panda's thumb.
  
• Evolution by Natural Selection - An outline of the chain of reasoning behind the theory of natural selection.
  
• Evolution Update - A tool for academic research in evolutionary biology and its associated controversies.
  
• Expedition: Fossils - The American Museum of Natural History provides a guided tour through the evolution of vertebrates.
  
• Monkey Trials - A blog about evolution, creation and 'all that jazz', by high school biology teacher Scott Hatfield.
  
• Evolution: The Experience - Conference in February 2009 to be held at Melbourne, Australia celebrating the 200th anniversary of Darwin’s birth and the 150th anniversary of the publication of the Origin of the Species. Information on the program, submissions, speakers, venue and so
  
• On the Origin and Impact of Information in the Average Evolution - Paper on the relationship between information and the process of evolution.
  
• Milestones of Vertebrate Evolution - Poster providing a great deal of information in a simple but comprehensive way in accordance with the new cladistic classification system. Also contains information on the work behind the poster.
  
• The Story of Human Evolution - An step-by-step explanation of natural evolution from the Big Bang to the rise of civilization.
  
• Mammal Evolution - BBC Science and Nature article describing how modern mammals evolved from reptiles that lived more than 200 million years ago.
  
• Beliefs of U.S. Public About Evolution and Creation - Presents and discusses the results of polls (from Gallup, About.com, and other sources) of various economic, educational, and religious groups about evolution and creation.
  
• Synapsids and the Evolution of Mammals - Article from Truth in Science describing Professor Donald Prothero's view that the evolution of mammals from their ancestors, the synapsids, provides an excellent example of a transitional sequence.
  
• Development of Evolutionary Theory - Chapter from the Online Biology Book covering this subject in detail.
  
• Macroevolution.net - Gene McCarthy, a geneticist, provides an in-depth discussion of macroevolution and its probable causes and, in the process, reviews the history of evolutionary thought.
  
• Evolution, Complexity and Philosophy - Hans-Cees Speel discusses evolution in biology, philosophy, artificial intelligence and memetics.
  
• The Peppered Moth - Article about the peppered moth where natural selection had caused a change in populations, long held out to be a demonstration of evolution in progress.
  
• Evolution for Creationists - This article argues that evolution is an observed, natural fact. It then tries to provide answers to many of the problems Creationists may have with the theory of evolution.
  
  

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