Second Order Cybernetics Cybernetics Technology

Second Order Cybernetics

'Second-order cybernetics' denotes a progressive intellectual movement within cybernetics and systems thinking that reached fruition in the 1970's. The most common explanation for the movement's agenda is that it turned the principles of cybernetics upon cybernetics itself. In second-order cybernetics, the observer of a system must be described and explained as well as the system observed. Key thinkers affiliated with second-order cybernetics include: von Foerster, Pask, Maturana, Varela, and Spencer Brown.

• - A Journal of Second Order Cybernetics, Autopoiesis and Cyber-Semiotics.
  
• - The most comprehensive Webspace on constructivist epistemology (a component of the second-order cybernetics worldview), especially the work of von Glasersfeld and von Foerster
  
• - Offering overview of Maturana's contributions to psychology, 'Ask Professor Maturana', and online archive editions of important articles.
  
• - Contributions to the development of Valparaiso's Autopoiesis Theory
  
• - Well-organized site addressing (e.g.) Gregory Bateson, Humberto Maturana, Ernst von Glasersfeld, Heinz von Foerster, and George Kelly.
  
  

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