Central Banks Finance Government

Central Banks Finance Government

Central banks, also known as reserve banks or monetary authorities, define and issue legal tender (money). Their precise role varies from country, but most also manage the foreign-exchange reserves. Some also issue government debt, and some supervise parts of the financial system. Currency boards issue money the value of which is pegged to a different currency, usually the US dollar.

Top: Society: Government: Finance: Central Banks

See Also:

Seychelles - Central Bank of Seychelles - History, exchange rate system and peg weights, economic statistics, quarterly review and annual report.
Iraq - Central Bank of Iraq - Laws, the principles of the operation of monetary policy, and a list of banks.
Sweden - Riksbanken - Economic and financial data for Sweden, FX reserves, and information on government debt.
Bahrain Monetary Agency - List of financial institutions, rules and regulations, money and banking statistics, annual report and quarterly bulletin.
Moldova - National Bank of Moldova - Summary of the workings of the domestic debt market.
Armenia - Central Bank of Armenia - About Armenia and the Central Bank, list of financial institutions, and money-supply statistics.
Lithuania - Bank of Lithuania - Publications, balance sheets of credit institutions, banknotes, and an explanation of the change in the currency peg from USD to EUR at the start of February 2002.
China - People's Bank of China - Speeches, statistics, rules and regulations for and supervision of financial institutions.
Slovakia - National Bank of Slovakia - Annual Report, monetary and macroeconomic information, banking information, legislation and the Museum of Coins and Medals.
Brazil - Central Bank of Brasil - Inflation reports, regulations, economic and statistical information, payment system, and history.
Trans-Dniester Republican Bank - History and press releases.
Mongolia - Bank of Mongolia - Monthly bulletins, banking law, monetary statistics, history and banknotes.
Kenya - Central Bank of Kenya - Includes a weekly bulletin describing financial conditions.
Rwanda - National Bank of Rwanda - Information on bank supervision and monetary policy in English and French.
Serbia - National Bank of Serbia - Formerly the National Bank of Yugoslavia, site has history and organization, regulations, monetary policy, the banking system, and how to form a bank.
Kazakhstan - National Bank of Kazakhstan - Brief explanation of monetary policy, banknotes and coins, and daily FX quotations.
Chile - Central Bank of Chile - Origin and history and policy objectives.
Ukraine - National Bank of Ukraine - Law, financial statements, spheres of activity, and pictures of the banknotes.
Samoa - Central Bank of Samoa - Mission, annual reports and monetary surveys, and speeches.
Indonesia - Bank Indonesia - Press releases, regulations including exchange controls, and monetary, economic and banking indicators.
Afghanistan - Da Afghanistan Bank - With legal and other information about Afghanistan's central bank.
El Salvador - Central Reserve Bank of El Salvador - Structure of the financial system, monthly statistical bulletin, and mission statement.
Belize - Central Bank of Belize - About the bank's mission and organizational structure, and some economic information.
Argentina - Central Bank of the Argentine Republic - Mission statement, and list of financial institutions.
Ghana - Bank of Ghana - History of the bank and contact information.
Nepal Rastra Bank - Quarterly economic bulletin, basic economic indicators, information about the rural self-reliance fund and a history of Nepalese capital markets.
Vanuatu - Reserve Bank of Vanuatu - Includes a brief history, pictures of commemorative coins and information about the regulation of financial services.
Georgia - National Bank of Georgia - Monetary policy and FX regime, acution details, the payment system, and restrictions on the export of currency.
Aruba - Central Bank of Aruba - History, legislation and decrees, and economic statistics.
Australia - Reserve Bank of Australia - Monetary policy statements, economic statistics, description of the payment system, information on banknotes, and other publications and research.
Barbados - Central Bank of Barbados - About the bank, Barbados links, and monetary policy.
Estonia - Bank of Estonia - Daily FX fixings, monetary policy framework, Estonian banking system, Estonian banknotes and coins, and papers on the EU accession process.
Japan - Bank of Japan - Monetary policy meetings and minutes, speeches, research papers, statistical releases, quarterly bulletin, and sources of changes in account balances at the BoJ.
Malawi - Reserve Bank of Malawi - The publications including the minutes of the MPC meetings.
Bermuda Monetary Authority - List of institutions, links, collectors notes and coins; about Bermuda, and how to form a Bermudan entity.
Gambia - Central Bank of The Gambia - With information on foreign exchange, government securities, and the structure of the financial system.
Singapore - Monetary Authority of Singapore - Directory of financial institutions, statutes and regulations, the "data room" of monetary information, and a licensing guide.
Nigeria - Central Bank of Nigeria - Includes a history of Nigerian monetary policy and of Nigeria's foreign exchange market, press releases, and statistics on government finances and on the economy.
Brunei Currency Board - History, legislation, and currency statistics.
Czech National Bank - Legal function, monetary policy, banking supervision, payment systems, and economic and financial statistics.
Iceland - Central Bank of Iceland - Official reserves, report on inflation target, annual reports, the 2001 Act of the Central Bank of Iceland, and historical data for REIBID and REIBOR.
Guatemala - Bank of Guatemala - Economic information and statistics and contact information.
Malaysia - Bank Negara Malaysia - Exchange controls, national data summary, press notices and a summary of Malaysian financial system.
Netherlands Antilles - Central Bank Netherlands Antilles - Lists of financial institutions, rules applicable to them, quarterly bulletins and annual reports, and Dutch-language job vacancies.
United Arab Emirates - Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates - Organisation, and brief comments on the state of the economy and the tools it uses.
Russia - Bank of Russia - History, balance sheet, press notices, and data release calendar.
Solomon Islands - Central Bank of Solomon Islands - Annual and quarterly reports, monthly economic bulletins, Currency collectibles, and tenders of Solomon Islands Government Treasury Bills.
Uganda - Bank of Uganda - Staff papers, annual reports, occasional reports on the state of the economy, and information about the BoU's various credit programmes.
Oman - Central Bank of Oman - About the bank and contact information, monthly and quarterly bulletins, and information about commemorative coins.
Albania - Bank of Albania - Minutes of the meetings of the Supervisory Council.
Tanzania - Bank of Tanzania - Debt buyback information, list of registered banks and supervision regulations, payment system, bond bill auction details and application forms, and the Bank of Tanzania Training Institute.
Latvia - Bank of Latvia - About the bank, its monetary policy, payment systems, laws, a history of Latvian money and balance sheets of credit institutions.
Venezuela - Banco Central de Venezuela - Has some press releases and financial statements in English, and more content in Spanish.
Suriname - Centrale Bank van Suriname - With pictures of items in the collection of The Numismatic Museum of the Centrale Bank van Suriname.
Trinidad and Tobago - Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago - Economic commentary and outlook, monetary statistics, and daily inter-bank interest rates.
South African Reserve Bank - Bank supervision acts and regulations, money-market operations, statement of policy on forward FX trading, press releases, monetary-policy statements, and about the South African Reserve Bank College.
Macedonia - National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia - Monetary policy mechanism, payment system, and exchange-control rules.
Sri Lanka - Central Bank of Sri Lanka - Daily SLIBOR and exchange rates, monthly bulletin and prices at open market operations.
Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency - Currency museum, stock quotations and press releases.
Papua New Guinea - Bank of Papua New Guinea - Explanation of the objectives and implementation of monetary policy, the rules of exchange controls, and the operation of the government securities market.
Nicaragua - Banco Central de Nicaragua - With annual reports and bulletins of the Central Bank of Nicaragua, statistics, and economic indicators. Current information in Spanish, most documents available in English.
Thailand - Central Bank of Thailand - Decisions of the Monetary Policy Committee, guide to financial investment in Thailand, debt issuance announcements, payment systems, banknotes, and details of assistance to priority economic sectors.
Macau - Monetary Authority of Macau - History, goals, structure, regulatory orders for banking and insurance, economic statistics and a list of commemorative coins.
Mexico - Bank of Mexico - Monetary and exchange-rate policies, numismatic information and quarterly inflation reports.
Zimbabwe - Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe - FX in and outflows, supervision and surveillance annual reports, and monthly audited accounts.
Mozambique - Bank of Mozambique - History, financial and credit statistics, and MAIBOR rates.
Andorra - Institut Nacional Andorrà de Finances - With information on the Andorran financial system in English, Spanish, French and Catalan.
Cayman Islands Monetary Authority - Investment services, requirements for creating a bank or insurance company, history of the currency (including the monetary divorce from Jamaica), and economic statistics.
Yemen - Central Bank of Yemen - Function and structure, branches, pictures of currency, balance sheet and FX rates.
Faroe Islands - Governmental Bank of the Faroe Islands - Accounts, external reserves, and information about the Faroe Islands economy.
Philippines - Central Bank of the Philippines - Objectives, functions, calendar of economic releases, and a list of answers to FAQs about the peso's depreciation.
Maldives Monetary Authority - Includes copies of the Quarterly Economic Bulletin.
Pakistan - State Bank of Pakistan - IMF agreements, operation of monetary policy, Act and Charter.
Canada - Bank of Canada - Press notices, economic information, explanation of inflation target and market operations, careers and economic research.
Denmark - Nationalbank - Explanation of monetary policy, the discount rate and CIBOR, notes and coins, bank, mortgage and capital-market statistics, and information on government debt.
Fiji - Reserve Bank of Fiji - Working papers, regulatory framework, currency collectables, and a webcam giving the best view from any central bank.
Morocco - Bank Al-Maghrib - Annual report and monetary statistics.
Bosnia - Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Legislative structure, history, directories of banks and other associations, notes and coins, and statistical reports.
Swiss National Bank - General remarks on price stability and relevance of LIBOR to monetary policy, rules on monetary-policy repo tenders, schedule of forthcoming speeches, data and statistics.
Palestinian Monetary Authority - Ensures the soundness of banking operations, maintains monetary stability, and encourages economic growth in Palestine.
Mauritius - Bank of Mauritius - List of commercial banks and application forms for T-Bill purchases.
Tonga - National Reserve Bank of Tonga - With information on the law, bank supervision, government bonds, currency and numismatics.
Somaliland - Bank of Somaliland - Also known as Baanka Somaliland; site has a list of departments, branches and directors.
Libya - Central Bank of Libya - The monetary authority in the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. Includes some recent laws, a brief history, and more content in Arabic.
Ireland - Central Bank of Ireland - Responsible for the supervision of most financial institutions in Ireland including banks, building societies and a broad range of non-bank firms, exchanges and collective investment schemes.
Northern Cyprus - Central Bank of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - Includes some of the main banking regulations and a list of banks.
Qatar Central Bank - Structure, law and descriptions of banks.
Kuwait - Central Bank of Kuwait - Purpose, exchange-rate policy, and monetary statistics.
Sierra Leone - Bank of Sierra Leone - Includes banking guidelines for diamond exporters.
Peru - Central Reserve Bank of Peru - Monetary operations, periodic and special reports, and facts about the BCRP.
Tunisia - Central Bank of Tunisia - Currency museum, history of credit ratings, and steps towards full convertibility of the currency.
Turkey - Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey - History, structure, governing law, and financial and statistical data delivery system.
Hong Kong Monetary Authority - Workings of its currency board, banking policy and supervision, debt market developments, HIBOR fixings and press releases.
Hungary - National Bank of Hungary - Financial information including the history of the composition of the currency basket and its relationship to the forint, economic statistics, and legislative information.
Lebanon - Central Bank of Lebanon - Economic and financial data, exchange and payments systems, the history of the Lebanese pound, and information on the banking and financial sectors.
Bahamas - Central Bank of The Bahamas - Brief summary of monetary policy, foreign exchange regime and regulatory environment.
Zambia - Bank of Zambia - Economic and financial data, BoZ publications and press releases.
Israel - Bank of Israel - Semi-annual inflation reports, government bond auctions, and announcements relating to banking supervision.
Guyana - Bank of Guyana - Banking, financial-sector and economic statistics, legal tender, legal and regulatory framework, press releases and contact information.
Colombia - Bank of the Republic - History, economic statistics, inflation and exchange rate reports, banking operations and regulations, and gold museum.
Romania - National Bank of Romania - Museum, economic and financial statistics, press releases, banking licences and regulations.
Lesotho - Central Bank of Lesotho - Rural finance and credit scheme, central bank acts and exchange control orders.
Kyrgyzstan - National Bank of Kyrgyz Republic - Legal staus, foreign exchange laws and monetary policy.
Bangladesh Bank - Also known as the "Central Bank of Bangladesh". About the financial system, the convertibility of Taka, and economic and statistical data about the economy.
Egypt - Central Bank of Egypt - Current FX rates, history of Egyptian money, and the latest annual report and quarterly economic review.
Bulgarian National Bank - List of banks, money-supply statistics, and legal framework.
Tajikistan - National Bank of Tajikistan - Banking and payments news in English, Russian and Tajik.
Cuba - Banco Central de Cuba - Comments on monetary policy, on bank supervision, and on the BCC's moves towards a gross real-time settlement system.
Swaziland - Central Bank of Swaziland - With an explanation of the central bank's mission, monetary surveys back to 1980, and bill tenders.
Jamaica - Bank of Jamaica - Statistical digest, quarterly monetary policy report, and balance sheet.
Ethiopia - National Bank of Ethiopia - History of financial Institutions in Ethiopia; about the Ethiopian Institute of Banking and Insurance (EIBI); and results of weekly auctions of foreign exchange.
Belarus - National Bank of the Republic of Belarus - Background, monetary policy guidelines, and list of banks (both open and closed).
United Kingdom - Bank of England - The Old Lady of Threadneedle Street. Site has publications including the semi-annual Practical Issues Arising From the Euro, minutes of monthly monetary-policy meetings, weekly Bank Return, and other press releases.
Iran - Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran - With information about the currency, the bank, and governing legislation.
East Timor - Banking and Payments Authority of Timor-Leste - Includes the balance sheet of the Autoridade Bancária e de Pagamentos de Timor-Leste.
Sudan - Bank of Sudan - Economic indicators, spot FX, annual reports and contact details.
Jordan - Central Bank of Jordan - Law and organization structure.
Laos - Bank of the Lao P.D.R. - Includes current FX prices and information on the currency and legislation.
Taiwan - Central Bank of China - FX statistics, financial institutions, government bond and treasury bill auctions (excel format), monetary policy announcements, and information about new banknotes and coins.
China - State Administration of Foreign Exchange - Press notices from mainland China's FX management agent.
Liberia - Central Bank of Liberia - Includes information on the check-clearing system.
Croatian National Bank - List of banks, policy tools, regulations and legislation, economic and financial statistics, and information on coins and banknotes.
New Zealand - Reserve Bank of New Zealand - Monetary policy, statistics, the banking system and New Zealand's unusual method of supervision, payment systems, RBNZ research papers and about the new series of polymer banknotes.
India - Reserve Bank of India - Information about monetary policy and operations, issues of government securities, financial and economic statistics, and the RBI museum.
Botswana - Bank of Botswana - Legislation, speeches, a list of financial institutions, and information on Pula-denominated government bonds.
Bhutan - Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan - Describes the RMA's legal status, roles, and has the text of relevant laws.
Norway - Norges Bank - Press releases on monetary policy and related matters, and a detailed section on the Government Petroleum Fund, managed by a separate unit within Norges Bank called Norges Bank Investment Management.
Azerbaijan - National Bank of Azerbaijan Republic - History of policy rates and T-bill issuance, spot FX rates, the bank's internal structure, and addresses of regional offices.
Namibia - Bank of Namibia - Balance sheet, payment system, exchange control rules, and announcements of auctions of government debt.
South Korea - Bank of Korea - Economic releases, FX system, chemical composition of coins, and a brief history of the Korean financial system.
Poland - National Bank of Poland - Structure, governing legislation, economic statistics, and a list of banks in Poland.

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