Ontology Metaphysics Philosophy

Ontology is defined as the branch of metaphysics concerned with the nature relations of being or existence. It is the field of study concerned with the classification of entities.

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• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: The Identity of Indiscernibles - A principle of analytic ontology first explicitly formulated by Leibniz. It states that no two distinct substances exactly resemble each other.
  
• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Physicalism - Discussion of the thesis that everything is physical; by Daniel Stoljar.
  
• Buffalo Ontology Site - Information on ontology, on the history of ontology, and on contemporary ontology and its applications.
  
• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Holes - An interesting case-study for ontologists and epistemologists.
  
• What is Ontology? - Collected definitions, from leading philosophical reference works and from philosophers from Wolff to Husserl.
  
• Ontology. A Resource Guide for Philosophers - Resources on the development of ontology, especially in the twentieth century.
  
• PhilSci Archive: Idealist Philosophy: What is Real ? - Paper by Axel Randrup defending idealism and arguing that materialism leads to logical contradictions, which closes by considering the implications of this for religion.
  
• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Events - Survey of philosophical views on the character and status of events; by Roberto Casati and Achille Varzi.
  
• Why Does Anything Exist? - Sequence of short essays on this topic.
  
• The Metaphysics of Blue - On the nature of consciousness - looking for soul in a soulless world.
  
• Metaphysics of Quality - Robert M. Pirsig deals with the fundamentals of existence and attempts to provide a more coherent system for understanding reality than current paradigms allow.
  
• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Existence - Survey article by Barry Miller.
  
• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Tropes - An article describing tropes; by John Bacon.
  
• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Abstract Objects - Survey of attempts to draw the distinction between concrete and abstract objects; by Gideon Rosen.
  
• Qualia: The Knowledge Argument - Aims to establish that conscious experience involves non-physical properties. It is one of the most discussed arguments against physicalism; from the Stanford Encyclopedia by Martine Nida-Rümelin.
  
• The Shift of Aspect in Language and Thought - Examines the role of this ubiquitous but neglected feature of expression and perception, suggesting that by a shift of aspect reality is both mental and physical.
  
  

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