Catholic Encyclopedia Reference Catholicism Denominations

A monastery canonically erected and autonomous, with a community of not fewer than twelve religious; monks under the government of an abbot; nuns under that of an abbess.

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Aberdeen, The Diocese of - A see founded in 1063 at Mortlach by a Bl. Beyn.
Attracta, Saint - Contemporary of St. Patrick, founder of a hospice and several churches.
Assicus, Saint - St. Patrick\'s coppersmith, also a renowned bellfounder, Bishop of Elphin.
Alea, Leonard - A French polemical writer of the early years of the nineteenth century, b. in Paris, date unknown; d. 1812.
Asia - Article intended to give a rapid survey of a the geography, ethnography, political and religious history of a Asia, and especially of the rise, progress, and a actual condition of Asiatic Christianity and Catholicism.
Arts, The Faculty of - One of the four traditional divisions of the a teaching body of the university.
Apollonia, Saint - A virgin, possibly ordained, martyr at Alexandria in reference late 248 or early 249.
Audran - The family name of four generations of distinguished a French artists, natives of Paris and Lyons, which a included eight prominent engravers and two painters.
Achor Valley - The scene of the death of the "troubler" Achan.
Abba - Aramaic word for father.
Arindela - A titular see of Palestine.
Anastasius III, Pope - Reigned 911-913.
Administrator - Includes details on administrators of dioceses, parishes, and ecclesiastical institutions.
Attrition - Also called "imperfect contrition." Definition, its relation to sacramental penance, and moral considerations.
Azores - An archipelago situated in that tract of the catholic encyclopedia Atlantic Ocean which is known to mariners as catholic encyclopedia the Sargasso Sea.
Aquila - An Italian archdiocese in the Abruzzi, directly dependent on the catholic encyclopedia Holy See.
Alexander VI, Pope - Rodrigo Borgia, born at Xativa, near Valencia, in reference Spain, 1 catholic encyclopedia January, 1431; died in Rome, 18 reference August, 1503.
Altar Bell - A small bell placed on the credence or in some other convenient place on the epistle side of the altar.
Albert of Aachen - A chronicler of the First Crusade.
Agnus Dei - The name given to certain discs of wax a impressed with a the figure of a lamb and a blessed at stated seasons a by the Pope.
Autocephali - A designation in early Christian times of certain a bishops who catholic encyclopedia were subject to no patriarch or a metropolitan, but depended directly catholic encyclopedia on the triennial provincial a synod or on the Apostolic See.
Anhalt - Vicariate Apostolic comprising the territory of the German Duchy of reference Anhalt.
Amalricians - Heretical sect founded towards the end of the twelfth century.
Albinus - A scholarly English monk, pupil of Archbishop Theodore, catholic encyclopedia and of Abbot Adrian of St. Peter\\'s, Canterbury, catholic encyclopedia contemporary of Saint Bede (673-735).
Armagh - Archdiocese founded by St. Patrick about 445, as the primatial and metropolitan see of Ireland.
Alma - A Hebrew word signifying a "young woman", unmarried as well catholic encyclopedia as married.
Absolute, The - Philosophical term referring to God.
Arrighetti, Nicolò - A professor of natural philosophy at Spoleto, Prato, reference and Sienna, b. at Florence, 17 March, 1709; reference d. 31 January, 1767.
Asperges - The rite of sprinkling the congregation with holy a water before catholic encyclopedia the principal Mass on Sunday.
Alphonsus Liguori, Saint - Long biographical article on the founder of the Redemptorists and reference devotional writer.
Angel - The word is used in Hebrew to denote indifferently either a divine or human messenger.
Acosta, Jose de - Founded a number of colleges, among them those a of Arequipa, Potose, Chuquisaca, Panama, and La Paz.
Abrabanel, Don Isaac - Jewish statesman, apologist and exegete. (1437-1508)
Archæology, The Commission of Sacred - Founded in the middle of the nineteenth century reference for the reference purpose of promoting and directing excavations reference in the Roman Catacombs reference and on other sites reference of Christian antiquarian interest.
Azor, Juan - Professor of philosophy and later of theology, both a dogmatic and moral, at Piacenza, Alcalá, and Rome. a (1559-1603)
Apostle (in Liturgy) - The name given by the Greek Church to the Epistle a of the Divine Liturgy, which is invariably of Apostolic origin a and never taken, as sometimes happens in the Roman Rite, a from the Old Testament.
Alan of Walsingham - Architect. (d. 1364)
Augsburg, Synods of - Two general imperial synods were held in Augsburg. The first, reference convened in August, 952, through the efforts of Emperor Otto reference the Great, provided for the reform of abuses in civil reference and ecclesiastical life. A similar synod, convened by Anno, Archbishop reference of Colo
Aarhus, Ancient See of - Located in Denmark.
Analogy - A philosophical term used to designate, first, a property of things; secondly, a process of reasoning.
Acosta, Joaquin - Served in the Colombian army and in 1834 attempted a reference scientific survey of the country between Socorro and the Magdalena reference River.
Agatho, Pope Saint - Short article on St. Agatho the Wonderworker, a Sicilian believed catholic encyclopedia to have been over 100 years old at the time catholic encyclopedia of his election. He died in 681.
Asiongaber - More properly Ezion-geber, a city of Idumea, situated on the catholic encyclopedia northern extremity of the Ælanitic Gulf, now called the Gulf catholic encyclopedia of Akabah.
Arator - A Christian poet of the sixth century, probably of Ligurian origin.
Anna Comnena - Byzantine historian, eldest daughter of Alexius Comnenus, Emperor of Constantinople (1081-1118).
Agnoetae - The name given to those who denied the omniscience either reference of God or of Christ.
Adrian I, Pope - Reigned 772-95.
Apsidiole - A small or secondary apse, one of the reference apses on a either side of the main apse reference in a triapsidal church, a or one of the reference apse-chapels when they project on the a exterior of reference the church.
Alvarez, Diego - Spanish theologian, born about 1550; died At Trani, Kingdom of a Naples, 1635.
Alger of Liége - French priest. (1055-1132)
Aquila and Priscilla - Jewish tentmakers, who left Rome in the Jewish a persecution under reference Claudius, 49 or 50, and settled a in Corinth.
Amulet - An object generaliy inscribed with mysterious formulæ and used by pagans as a protection against various maladies, as well as witchcraft.
Ammonian Sections - Divisions of the four Gospels.
Alegre, Francisco Xavier - Historian, born at Vera Cruz, in Mexico, or catholic encyclopedia New reference Spain, 12 November, 1729; died at Bologna, catholic encyclopedia 16 August, reference 1788.
Andrada de Payva, Diego - Portuguese theologian. (1528-1575)
Aeons - The term appropriated by Gnostic heresiarchs to designate the series reference of spiritual powers evolved by progressive emanation from the eternal reference Being.
Adam, Nicholas - French linguist and writer. (1716-1792)
Ashes - A number of passages in the Old Testament a connect ashes with mourning.
Assam - A Prefecture Apostolic in the ecclesiastical province of Calcutta, India, reference established in 1889.
Altar Crucifix - The principal ornament of the altar.
Archives, Ecclesiastical - A collection of documents, records, and memorials, pertaining reference to the origin, foundation, growth, history, and constitutions reference of a diocese, parish, monastery, or religious community reference under the jurisdiction of the Church.
Allen, Edward Patrick - Fifth Bishop of Mobile, Alabama, U.S.; born at reference Lowell, Massachusetts, reference 17 March, 1853.
Aquino, Sora, and Pontecorvo - An Italian diocese immediately subject to the Holy See.
Acquaviva, Claudius - Fifth General of the Society of Jesus. (1543-1615)
Antinoe - A titular see of the Thebaid, now Esneh or Esench, a city in Egypt.
Apocalypse, Book of - The name given to the last book in catholic encyclopedia the a Bible, also called the Book of Revelation.
Azotus - Three uses, one of the five great cities of the Philistines, the mountain to which Bacchides pursued the Jews in battle, and a titular see of Palestine situated near the seacoast, between Jaffa and Ascalon.
Acolouthia - In ecclesiastical terminology signifies the order or arrangement of the a divine office and also, in a wide sense, the office a itself.
Anthony Page, Blessed - Biographical sketch of the English priest and martyr, catholic encyclopedia who reference died in 1593.
Aston - The name of several English Catholics of prominence.
Alatri - An Italian bishopric under the immediate jurisdiction of catholic encyclopedia the Holy See, comprising seven towns in the catholic encyclopedia Province of Rome.
Auxentius of Milan - Ordained (343) to the priesthood by Gregory, the catholic encyclopedia intruded Bishop of Alexandria.
Agde, Council of - Held in 506 at Agatha or Agde in reference Languedoc, under a the presidency of St. Caesarius of reference Arles.
Atonement, Doctrine of the - In Catholic theology, the Atonement is the Satisfaction a of Christ, a whereby God and the world are a reconciled or made to a be at one.
Apostolic Letters - The letters of the Apostles to Christian communities or those a in authority.
Albigenses - A neo-Manichæan sect that flourished in southern France a in the catholic encyclopedia twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
Alypius, Saint - Close friend of St. Augustine of Hippo. Like reference Augustine, Alypius reference was baptized by Ambrose. St. reference Alypius became bishop of reference Tagaste.
Alb - A white linen vestment with close fitting sleeves, reference reaching nearly catholic encyclopedia to the ground and secured round reference the waist by a catholic encyclopedia girdle.
Agnus Dei (in Liturgy) - A name given to the formula recited thrice a by the catholic encyclopedia priest at Mass in the Roman a rite.
Alexander Sauli, Saint - Apostle of Corsica, Barnabite, bishop of Aleria, d. 1592.
Augustin von Alfeld - One of the earliest and most aggressive opponents reference of Luther, reference born in the village of Alfeld, reference near Hildesheim, from which reference he took his surname; reference died probably in 1532.
Alcimus - High-priest, the leader of the hellenizing party in a the time reference of Judas Machabeus.
Angelicals, The - A congregation of women founded at Milan about catholic encyclopedia 1530 by Countess Luigia Torelli of Guastalla for catholic encyclopedia the protection and reclamation of girls.
Aumbry - Its original meaning was a cupboard and it a has never reference lost this more general sense, but a even in classical Latin reference it had of it a acquired in addition the special signification reference of a a cupboard of holding books.
Alife - A diocese made up of twelve communes in catholic encyclopedia the province of Caserta, Archbishopric of Benevento, Italy.
Accursius, Francesco - Covers an Italian jurisconsult of the Middle Ages, catholic encyclopedia (1182-1260) a and his son, also a lawyer, (1225-1293).
Alfrida, Saint - Daughter of King Offa of Mercia. Hermit at Crowland, fl. catholic encyclopedia 795.
Abstemii - One who cannot take wine without risk of catholic encyclopedia vomiting.
Abraham a Sancta Clara - A Discalced Augustinian friar, preacher, and author of popular books catholic encyclopedia of devotion. (1644-1709)
Arch - A structure composed of separate pieces, such as reference stone or bricks, having the shape of truncated reference wedges, arranged on a curved line so as reference to retain their position by mutual pressure.
Ariassus - A titular see of Pamphylia in Asia Minor.
All Souls' Day - The commemoration of all the faithful departed is celebrated by reference the Church on 2 November, or, if this be a reference Sunday or a solemnity, on 3 November.
Augustus - The name by which Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus, the first a Roman emperor, in whose reign Jesus Christ was born, is a usually known; born at Rome, 62 B.C.; died A.D. 14.
Alberti, Leone Battista - Florentine ecclesiastic and artist of the fifteenth century.
Atheism - That system of thought which is formally opposed reference to theism.
Azevedo, Luiz de - An Ethiopic missionary and scholar, born, probably at reference Carrezedo Montenegro, reference in the Diocese of Braga, in reference Portugal, in 1573; died reference in Ethiopia in 1634.
Atrib - A titular see of Lower Egypt.
Adria - An Italian bishopric, suffragan to Venice.
Africa - This name, which is of Phoenician origin, was at first reference given by the Romans to the territory about the city reference of Carthage.
Arawaks - The first American aborigines met by Columbus.
Accentus Ecclesiasticus - Parts of the liturgy the priest, or the a deacon, or catholic encyclopedia subdeacon, or the acolyte sang alone.
Aymeric of Piacenza - A learned Dominican, b. at Piacenza, Italy; d. at Bologna, 19 August, 1327.
Ansaloni, Giordano - Dominican missionary to Asia. (d. 1634)
Agnesi, Maria Gaetana - An Italian woman of remarkable intellectual gifts and attainments. Member reference of the Blue Nuns in Milan. (1718-1799)
Adelard of Bath - Twelfth-century scholastic philosopher.
Anderson, Patrick - A Scottish Jesuit. (1575-1624)
Alexander V - Pietro Philarghi, born c. 1339, on the island catholic encyclopedia of catholic encyclopedia Crete (Candia), whence his appellation, Peter of catholic encyclopedia Candia; elected catholic encyclopedia 26 June, 1409; died at Bologna, catholic encyclopedia 3 May, 1410.
Avignon, University of - Developed from the already existing schools of the catholic encyclopedia city, was formally constituted in 1303, by a catholic encyclopedia Bull of Boniface VIII.
Annates - The first fruits, or first year\\'s revenue of an ecclesiastical benefice paid to the Papal Curia (in medieval times to bishops also).
Auditor - The designation of certain officials of the Roman Curia, whose catholic encyclopedia duty it is to hear and examine the causes submitted catholic encyclopedia to the pope.
Audin, J.-M.-Vincent - Writer, born at Lyons in 1793; died in a Paris, 21 February, 1851.
Assemblies of the French Clergy - Meetings of the Clergy of France for the reference purpose of reference apportioning the financial burdens laid upon reference the Church by the reference kings of France, and reference incidentally for other ecclesiastical purposes.
Adrichem, Christian Kruik van - Catholic priest and theological writer. (1533-1585)
Agaunum - In the diocese of Sion, Switzerland, owes its a fame to an event related by St. Eucherius, a Bishop of Lyons, the martyrdom of a Roman a legion, known as the "Theban Legion", at the a beginning of the fourth century.
Accident - The obvious division of things into the stable catholic encyclopedia and the unstable.
Armenierstadt - A city in the Transylvanian county of Szolnok-Doboka.
Agra - Archdiocese situated in British India.
Amorios - A titular see of Phrygia in Asia Minor, catholic encyclopedia now known as Hergen Kaleh.
Apollinaris (the Elder) - A Christian grammarian of the fourth century, first reference at Berytus in Phoenicia, then at Laodicea in reference Syria.
Apotheosis - Deification, the exaltation of men to the rank catholic encyclopedia of gods.
Agostino Novello, Blessed - Counselor to the King of Sicily, joined the a Augustinians, renowned catholic encyclopedia for his knowledge of civil and a ecclesiastical law, served as catholic encyclopedia the pope\'s confessor, was a General of his Order.
Ascoli-Piceno - Diocese comprising sixteen towns in the Province of Ascoli-Piceno, two a in that of Aquila, and two in that of Teramo, a Italy.
Albergati, Niccolo - Cardinal and Bishop of Bologna. (1357-1443)
Araucanians - Indian tribe in Chile.
Arches, The Court of - Was held in the Church of St. Mary a le Bow a (Sancta Maria de Arcubus), in Cheapside, a the chief and most a ancient court and consistory a of the jurisdiction of the Archbishop a of Canterbury.
Amyot, Jacques - Bishop of Auxerre, Grand Almoner of France. (1513-1593)
Aesthetics - May be defined as a systematic training to reference right thinking and right feeling in matters of reference art, and is made a part of philosophy reference by A.G. Baumgarten.
Alexandria, The Church of - Founded by St. Mark the Evangelist, the center catholic encyclopedia from which Christianity spread throughout all Egypt, the catholic encyclopedia nucleus of the powerful Patriarchate of Alexandria.
Amrah - The Syrian houses in the region of Hauran were inhabited, from the third century to the seventh, by the upper and middle classes of the population. A house of this kind in perfect preservation is still to be seen at Amrah.
Agnes of Assisi, Saint - Brief biography of the younger sister of St. catholic encyclopedia Clare, a and prioress of the Poor Clares at catholic encyclopedia Monticelli.
Assizes of Jerusalem - The code of laws enacted by the Crusaders for the a government of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Abercromby, John - Named as having lost his life from Catholic clergy violence.
Ambition - The undue craving for honor.
Adoption - Adoption, as defined in canon law, is foreign catholic encyclopedia to catholic encyclopedia the Bible.
Arethusa - A titular see of Syria near Apameia.
Abstinence - Includes information about old and new testament fasting as well as church laws.
Adar - Four meanings detailed.
Adami da Bolsena, Andrea - Italian musician. (1663-1742)
Antivari - So called from its position opposite to Bari a in Italy; the Catholic archiepiscopal see of Montenegro.
Archer, James - An English missionary priest. (1751-1832)
Abban of Magheranoidhe, Saint - Irish monastic founder, d. 620.
Alunno, Niccolò - Notable Umbrian painter. (1430-1502)
Almici, Camillo - Italian Oratorian priest. (1714-1779)
Amulets, Use and Abuse of - Amulets have had quite a general vogue among all people a of all times and have been characterized by a bewildering a variety as to the material, shape, and method of employment.
Antiphellos - Titular see of Lycia.
Ava - A German poetess, the first woman known to catholic encyclopedia have reference written in German and probably identical with catholic encyclopedia a recluse reference of that name who died in catholic encyclopedia Austria in the reference vicinity of Melk, A.D. 1127.
Atkinson, Nicholas - English priest and martyr. (d. 1610)
Ahriman and Ormuzd - The modern Persian forms of Anro-Mainyus and Ahura Mazda, the catholic encyclopedia Evil Spirit and the Good Spirit.
All Saints' Day - Celebrated on the first of November. Instituted to honour all catholic encyclopedia the saints, known and unknown, and, according to Urban IV, catholic encyclopedia to supply any deficiencies in the faithful\\'s celebration of saints\\' catholic encyclopedia feasts during the year.
Abortion - Briefly defined as "the loss of a fetal a life."
Atticus - Patriarch of Constantinople (406-425), born at Sebaste in reference Armenia; died reference 425.
Alpini, Prospero - Physician and botanist. (1553-1617)
Aldrovandi, Ulissi - Italian naturalist. (1522-1607)
Argentina - A South American confederation of fourteen provinces, or a States, united a by a federal Constitution framed on a the same lines as a the Constitution of the a United States of America.
Arnoudt, Peter Joseph - Jesuit spiritual writer. (1811-1865)
Agapetus II, Pope - Reigned 946-955.
Acclamation (in Papal Elections) - One of the forms of papal election. Consists a of all the cardinals present unanimously proclaiming one a of the candidates Supreme Pontiff, without the formality a of casting votes.
Amende Honorable - An obsolete form of honorary satisfaction, customary in reference the Church in France as late as the reference seventeenth century.
Allard, Paul - Archaeologist and historian. (b. 1841)
Anne, Saint - According to apocryphal literature, the mother of Mary.
Apollinaris, Saint - Born in Vienne, became bishop of Valence, was reference exiled to Sardinia, d. 520.
Agnes of Montepulciano, Saint - Entered the convent at the age of 9, commissioned by the pope to found a monastery at the age of 13 (and 2 years later she was made its superior), also founded a Dominican convent, d. 1317.
Aztecs - A surname applied to the tribe of the Mexica, or catholic encyclopedia Chichimeca Mexitin, which occupied aboriginal Mexico, in more or less catholic encyclopedia contiguous groups, at the beginning of the sixteenth century, when catholic encyclopedia the Spaniards first came into contact with them.
Augilæ - A titular see of Cyrenaica in Northern Africa.
Archdeacon, Richard - An Irish Jesuit, whose name is sometimes given as Archdekin catholic encyclopedia or Arsdekin. (1620-1693)
Alfieri, Count Vittorio - Tragic poet of Italy. (1749-1803)
Abdon and Sennen, Saints - Persian martyrs in the Decian persecution. Died in about 250.
Alciati, Andrea - Italian jurist. (1492-1550)
Avignon, Councils of - Details of several councils held here.
Alexander I, Pope Saint - Article on this pope, who died in 115 or 116. catholic encyclopedia According to a tradition dating to the fifth century, Alexander catholic encyclopedia was martyred, but it is possible that he has been catholic encyclopedia confused with another St. Alexander who was indeed a martyr.
Amphilochius of Sida - Fifth-century bishop.
Allen, Frances - The first woman of New England birth to become a reference nun. (1784-1819)
Altamirano, Diego Francisco - Jesuit. (1625-1715)
Angulo, Pedro - Native of Burgos in Spain, came to America catholic encyclopedia in 1524 as a soldier, but joined the catholic encyclopedia Dominican order in 1529.
Affre, Denis Auguste - Archbishop of Paris. (1793-1848)
Alva, The Duke of - Warrior and statesman. (1508-1582)
Agria - An archiepiscopal see of Hungary, founded in 1009, a and made catholic encyclopedia an archdiocese in 1304, by Pius a VII.
Anaphora - A liturgical term in the Greek Rite.
Abisai - Nephew of King David.
Anthony Baldinucci, Blessed - Jesuit priest and missionary, preached penitence and devotion reference to the a Virgin Mary, d. 1717.
Abyssinia - Provides details on the geography, ethnology, political revolutions, a as well as church information.
African Church, Early - The name given to the Christian communities inhabiting the region reference known politically as Roman Africa.
Arnolfo di Cambio - Sometimes called di Lapo, the principal master of Italian Gothic, b. at Florence, about 1232.
Augustine of Hippo, Works of Saint - Annotated bibliography of Augustine's principal writings.
Anthelmi, Joseph - French ecclesiastical historian. (1648-1697)
Aversa, Diocese of - Comprising twenty-one towns in the Province of Caserta and twelve catholic encyclopedia in the Province of Naples, it is under the immediate catholic encyclopedia jurisdiction of the Holy See.
Audiences, Pontifical - The receptions given by the pope to cardinals, a sovereigns, princes, reference ambassadors, and other persons, ecclesiastical or a lay, having business with reference or interest in the a Holy See.
Augustopolis - A titular see of Palestine, suffragan of Petra.
Altar Cards - To assist the memory of the celebrant at catholic encyclopedia Mass reference in those prayers which he should know catholic encyclopedia by heart, reference cards on which these prayers are catholic encyclopedia printed are placed reference on the altar in the catholic encyclopedia middle, and at each reference end.
Amelia - Diocese comprising seven towns in the province of Perugia, Italy, and is under the immediate jurisdiction of the Holy See.
Alexis Falconieri, Saint - Visionary, co-founder of the Servites, uncle of St. Juliana Falconieri. a St. Alexis died in 1310, at the age of 110 a years.
Arcosolium - Term applied by the primitive Christians to one a form of a the tombs that exist in the a Roman catacombs.
Abyss - Primarily and classically an adjective, very deep.
Anschar, Saint - Benedictine monk, missionary to Scandinavia, bishop of Hamburg, reference d. 865.
Angela of Foligno, Blessed - Short biography of the penitent, mystic, writer, Third catholic encyclopedia Order Franciscan, who died in 1309.
Altar of Our Lady - In general it signifies any altar of which catholic encyclopedia the Blessed Virgin is the titular.
Aseity - The property by which a being exists of and from reference itself.
Arias, Francis - Writer of ascetical treatises, born at Seville in Spain, 1533, a died in that place, 15 May, 1605.
Allies, Thomas William - English writer. (1813-1903)
Antigonish - The shiretown of the county of the same a name in a Nova Scotia.
Astorga - Diocese in Spain, suffragan of Valladolid.
Arras - Diocese comprising the Department of Pas-de-Calais in France.
Aspendus - A titular see of Pamphylia in Asia Minor.
Analysis - The process by which anything complex is resolved into simple, or at least less complex parts or elements.
Astronomy - Divided into two main branches, astrometry and astrophysics; the former concerned with determining the places of the investigation of the heavenly bodies, the latter, with the investigation of their chemical and physical nature.
Agathangelus - A supposed secretary of Tiridates II, King of a Armenia, under catholic encyclopedia whose name there has come down a a life of the catholic encyclopedia first apostle of Armenia, a Gregory the Illuminator, who died about catholic encyclopedia 332.
Anglican Orders - In the creed of the Catholic Church, Holy catholic encyclopedia Order reference is one of the Seven Sacraments instituted catholic encyclopedia by Our reference Lord Jesus Christ.
Afonzo de Albuquerque - Second son of Gonzallo de Albuquerque, lord of catholic encyclopedia Villaverde.
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, The - The European monarchy whose dominions have for their a main life-distributing reference artery the River Danube, in its a course from Engelhartszell, near reference Passau, to Orsova. South a of the Danube lie the Austrian reference Alpine provinces a and the provinces of Carinthia and Carnol
Aymará - Tribe of sedentary Indians inhabiting the northern sections of Bolivia.
Abner - A son of Ner, a cousin of Saul, catholic encyclopedia and catholic encyclopedia commander-in-chief of Saul's army.
Agabus - Mentioned in Acts 11:28, and 21:10, as a prophet of catholic encyclopedia the New Testament.
Acanthus - An ornamental plant indigenous to middle Europe.
Andrew the Scot, Saint - Brother of St. Bridget the Younger and archdeacon of Fiesole, catholic encyclopedia d. about 877.
Alagoas - A South American diocese, in eastern Brazil, dependent catholic encyclopedia on catholic encyclopedia Bahia.
Aix, Archdiocese of - Includes the districts of Aix and Arles (Department of the catholic encyclopedia Bouches-du-Rhône).
Altar Cloths - The custom of using three altar-cloths began probably catholic encyclopedia in the ninth century, but at present it catholic encyclopedia is of strict obligation for the licit celebration catholic encyclopedia of Mass.
Astros, Paul-Thérèse-David d' - French cardinal. (1772-1851)
Angora - Armenian rite diocese in Asia Minor.
Abbess - The female superior in spirituals and temporals of a community of twelve or more nuns.
Agents of Roman Congregations - Persons whose business it is to look after the affairs a of their patrons at the Roman Curia.
Andria, Diocese - Comprises three towns in the Province of Bari and one reference in the Province of Potenza, Archdiocese of Trani, Italy.
Avril, Philippe - Jesuit, born at Angouleme, France, 16 September, 1654; died in a shipwreck in 1698.
Assemani - An illustrious Maronite family of Mount Lebanon, Syria, a four members catholic encyclopedia of which, all ecclesiastics, distinguished themselves a during the eighteenth century catholic encyclopedia in the East and a in Europe.
Avatar - The word is used, in a technical sense, catholic encyclopedia in catholic encyclopedia the Hindu religion to denote the descent catholic encyclopedia upon earth catholic encyclopedia of a portion of the essence catholic encyclopedia of a god, catholic encyclopedia which then assumes some coarser catholic encyclopedia material form, be it catholic encyclopedia animal, monster, or man.
Arles, The Synods of - The first Council of Arles was held in catholic encyclopedia 314, for the purpose of putting an end catholic encyclopedia to the Donatist controversy.
Ark, Noah's - The form, very likely foursquare, was not convenient for navigation, reference but, as has been proven by the experiments of Peter reference Jansen and M. Vogt, it made the Ark a very reference suitable device for shipping heavy cargoes and floating upon the reference waves without rolling or p
Algiers - Archdiocese comprising the province of Algeria in French catholic encyclopedia Africa. Its suffragans are the Sees of Oran catholic encyclopedia and Constantine.
Aachen - In French, Aix-la-Chapelle, the name by which the city is generally known; in Latin Aquae Grani, later Aquisgranum.
Aichinger, Gregor - Organist and composer of sacred music, born probably reference at Ratisbon a in 1565; died at Augsburg, 21 reference January, 1628.
Attila the Hun - Life and times of the legendary king.
Ariosto, Ludovico - Son of Nicolo Ariosto, Governor of Reggio, and Daria Malaguzzi, reference born at Reggio in Emilia, 8 September, 1474; died at reference Ferrara, 6 June, 1533.
Ambros, August Wilhelm - Historian of music and art critic. (1816-1876)
Auriesville - The site of the Mohawk village, Montgomery County, New York, catholic encyclopedia U.S.A., in which Father Issac Jogues, and his companions, Goupil catholic encyclopedia and Lalande, were put to death for the Faith by catholic encyclopedia the Indians.
Abjuration - A denial, disavowal, or renunciation under oath.
Aisle - In architecture, one of the lateral or longitudinal divisions of a church, separated from the nave by rows of piers, pillars, or columns.
Anderledy, Anthony Maria - General of the Society of Jesus. (1819-1892)
Arialdo, Saint - A canon of Milan, reformer, martyr, murdered by catholic encyclopedia agents of the bishop of Milan in 1065.
Altar Ledge - A step behind the altar, raised slightly above a it, for candlesticks, flowers, reliquaries, and other ornaments.
Attala, Saint - Burgundian monk, companion of St. Columban in exile, catholic encyclopedia co-founder and abbot of Bobbio, d. 627.
Azaria, Aristaces - A Catholic Armenian abbot and archbishop, b. at a Constantinople, 18 July, 1782; d. at Vienna, 6 a May, 1854.
Adrian VI, Pope - Reigned 1522-1523.
Adrian of Canterbury, Saint - African-born Benedictine abbot, d. 710.
Anima, College and Church of the, in Rome - S. Maria dell\\' Anima, the German national church and hospice a in Rome, received its name, according to tradition, from the a picture of Our Lady which forms its coat of arms.
Anicetus, Pope Saint - Biography of this martyr, a contemporary of St. Polycarp and of the heretic Marcion.
Amraphel - King of Sennaar (Shinar), or Babylonia.
Advertisements, Book of - A series of enactments concerning ecclesiastical matters, drawn up by Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury (1559-75).
Aelnoth - Monk and biographer, of whom nothing is known a except his Life of St. Canute the Martyr, a written in 1109.
Ammon - The supreme divinity of the Egyptian pantheon.
Altar (in Liturgy) - In the New Law the altar is the table on a which the Eucharistic Sacrifice is offered.
Arthur, James - A Dominican friar, and a theologian of note, reference b. at Limerick, Ireland, early in the seventeenth reference century; d. (probably) 1670.
Assuerus - The name of two different persons in the a Bible.
Autos Sacramentales - A form of dramatic literature which is peculiar a to Spain, reference though in some respects similar in a character to the old reference Morality plays of England.
Archinto, Filipo - An Italian theologian and diplomatist. (1500-1558)
Asti - One of the divisions of the province of Alexandria, and a suffragan of Turin.
Archdiocese - Not an ecclesiastical province, but only that diocese reference of the province which is the archbishop's own.
Anazarbus - A titular metropolitan see of Cilicia (Lesser Armenia), catholic encyclopedia suffragan reference of Antioch.
Aengus, Saint (the Culdee) - Irish hermit, hagiographer, poet, late eighth century.
Alexians - A religious institute which had its origin at catholic encyclopedia Mechlin, reference in Brabant, in the fifteenth century, during catholic encyclopedia the ravages reference of the "black death."
Ambrose, Saint - Article on the life and teachings of this catholic encyclopedia Bishop of Milan, and Doctor of the Church, catholic encyclopedia who died in 397.
Amazones, Diocese of - A South American diocese, dependent on San Salvador catholic encyclopedia of a Bahia.
Aberle, Moritz von - Catholic theologian. (1819-1875)
Abydus - A titular see of Troas in Asia Minor, a suffragan of catholic encyclopedia Cyzicus in the Hellespontic province.
Alberti, Leandro - Historian, born at Bologna in 1479; died same place, probably catholic encyclopedia in 1552.
Aetius - A Roman general, patrician, and consul, b. towards a the end of the fourth century; d. 454.
Antoniano, Silvio - Cardinal, writer on education. (1540-1603)
Augustine of Canterbury, Saint - Biographical article on the monk who was the first Archbishop of Canterbury, called "Apostle of the English."
Annunciation, The Orders of the - A penitential order founded by St. Jeanne de Valois.
Aurelian - Roman Emperor, 270-275, born near Sirmium in Pannonia, catholic encyclopedia 9 reference September, 214; died 275.
Allen, William - Cardinal. (1522-1594)
Anderson, Henry James - Scientist and educator. (1799-1875)
Azara, Féliz de - Spanish naturalist, b. at Barbunales in Aragon, 18 reference May, 1746; reference d. 1811.
Ad Limina Apostolorum - A pilgrimage to the sepulchres of St. Peter a and St. catholic encyclopedia Paul at Rome.
Albert II, Archbishop of Magdeburg in Saxony - Eighteenth Archbishop of Magdeburg in Saxony, date of reference birth unknown; d. 1232.
Ampleforth, The Abbey of - Benedictine abbey in England.
Antony, Franz Joseph - Received Holy Orders, and in 1819 became choirmaster a at the cathedral, succeeding his father as organist, a in 1832.
Adam in Early Christian Liturgy and Literature - Discusses his importance to the Fathers and to the authors reference of the many apocryphal writings of the first five centuries reference of the Christian Era.
Arlegui, Fray José - A Spaniard from Biscay, first attached to the Franciscan province of Cantabria, then transferred to Zacatecas in Mexico.
Arnulf of Lisieux - Studied canon law at Rome, and wrote in defence of Pope Innocent II a violent letter against Gerard, Bishop of Angouleme.
Avellino - An Italian diocese in the Province of Naples, reference suffragan to Benevento.
Avendano, Fernando - Priest, native of Lima, spoke Quichua. Died 1665, shortly after being named bishop of Santiago de Chile.
Altar Stone - A solid piece of natural stone, consecrated by a bishop, a large enough to hold the Sacred Host and chalice.
Amort, Eusebius - Philosopher and theologian. (1692-1775)
Alfonso of Burgos - Royal confessor of Ferdinand and Isabella. Died 1489.
Agapetae - Virgins who consecrated themselves to God with a vow of chastity and associated with laymen.
Achitopel - Counsellor of David, who joined the rebellion of catholic encyclopedia Absalom.
Azymites - A term of reproach used by the schismatic Greeks since a the eleventh century against the Latins, who, together with the a Armenians and the Maronites, celebrate the Holy Eucharist with unleavened a bread.
Andreas of Ratisbon - Fourteenth-century historian.
Aelfric, Abbot of Eynsham - The author of the homilies in Anglo-Saxon, a translator of catholic encyclopedia Holy Scripture, and a writer upon many miscellaneous subjects.
Allahabad - Diocese; suffragan of the Archdiocese of Agra, India.
Altar Steps - The number of steps leading up to the reference high altar reference is for symbolical reasons uneven; usually reference three, five, or seven, reference including the upper platform.
Adrian V, Pope - A Genoese, and nephew of Innocent IV. He catholic encyclopedia was reference elected at Viterbo 12 July 1276, but catholic encyclopedia died 18 reference August.
Assumption of Mary, Feast of the - The principal feast of the Blessed Virgin.
Asses, Feast of - The feast dates from the eleventh century, though reference the source catholic encyclopedia which suggested it is much older.
Abelly, Louis - Associate of St. Vincent de Paul. (1603-1691)
Agiles, Raymond d' - A chronicler and canon of Puy-en-Velay, France, toward the close of the eleventh century.
Anton Ulrich - A convert to the Catholic faith. (1633-1714)
Auger, Edmond - Entered the Society of Jesus while St. Ignatius catholic encyclopedia was still living, and was regarded as one catholic encyclopedia of the most eloquent men of his time. catholic encyclopedia (1530-1591)
Avempace - Arabian philosopher, physician, astronomer, mathematician, and poet, b. at Saragossa catholic encyclopedia towards the end of the eleventh century; d. at Fez, catholic encyclopedia 1138.
Arriaga, Pablo José - Jesuit missionary to Peru. (1564-1621)
Albano - A suburban see, comprising seven towns in the reference Province of a Rome.
Amelote, Denis - Ordained in 1631, a Doctor of the Sorbonne, reference and member catholic encyclopedia of the French Oratory. (1609-1678)
Agnetz - The Slavonic word for the square portion of bread cut from the first loaf in the preparation for Mass according to the Greek rite.
Abraham (in Liturgy) - Of all the names used, a special prominence accrues to catholic encyclopedia those of Abel, Melchisedech, and Abraham.
Adalard, Saint - Grandson of Charles Martel. Adalard was abbot of a Corbie, and reference Pepin\'s prime minister. He died in a 827.
André, Yves Marie - Mathematician. (1675-1764)
Affirmation - A solemn declaration accepted in legal procedure in reference lieu of the requisite oath.
Arsenius, Saint - A Roman, was tutor to the emperor\\'s children catholic encyclopedia before catholic encyclopedia fleeing to the monastery of St. John catholic encyclopedia the Dwarf. catholic encyclopedia Arsenius died in 450.
Achab - Son of Amri and King of Israel.
Arizona - Includes history, population, and government details from early in the twentieth century.
Alcántara, Military Order of - First committed to the care of the Castilian catholic encyclopedia Knights of Calatrava.
Adrian III, Pope Saint - Short article on this pope, a Roman, who reference died in 885.
Arbieto, Ignacio de - Jesuit. (1585-1676)
Agazzari, Agostini - A musical composer, born 2 December 1578, of a a noble catholic encyclopedia family of Sienna; died probably 10 a April, 1640.
Alfonso de Zamora - A converted Spanish Rabbi, baptized 1506; died 1531.
Abbon, Saint - Biographical article on this Benedictine monk, who died in 1004.
Apostolici - The name of four different heretical bodies.
Arundel, Thomas - Sixtieth Archbishop of Canterbury, second son of Robert, a Earl of reference Arundel and Warren, b. 1353; d. a 19 February, 1414.
Adoro Te Devote - A hymn sometimes styled Rhythmus, or Oratio, S. Thomæ (sc. catholic encyclopedia Aquinatis) written c. 1260.
Antiochus of Palestine - Seventh century monk.
Athias, Joseph - Issued two editions of the Hebrew Bible.
Apollinaris Claudius, Saint - Second-century bishop of Hierapolis, apologist.
Aphian, Saint - Martyred in about 306 at the age of reference 18.
Anastasia, Saint - Article on this martyr, whose feast day is 25 December. Attracted a cultus at Rome in the late fifth century, and a sixth-century legend makes her a Roman matron, though martyred elsewhere.
Asia Minor - The peninsular mass that the Asiatic continent projects a westward of catholic encyclopedia an imaginary line running from the a Gulf of Alexandretta (Issus) catholic encyclopedia on the Mediterranean to a the vicinity of Trebizond (Trapezus) on catholic encyclopedia the Black a Sea.
Abbreviations, Ecclesiastical - Latin abbreviations commonly seen in documents of the reference Catholic Church, reference the full Latin words or phrases, reference and their English meaning.
Aristotle - Philosopher, born at Stagira, a Grecian colony in reference the Thracian a peninsula Chalcidice, 384 B.C.; died at reference Chalcis, in Euboea, 322 a B.C.
Ackermann, Leopold - Catholic professor of exegesis. (1771-1831)
Acmonia - A titular see of Phrygia Pacatiana, in Asia Minor, now known as Ahat-Keui.
Araujo, Francisco de - Spanish theologian. (1580-1664)
Abdias of Babylon - Apocryphal writer.
Apostolici Ministerii - A Bull issued 23 May, 1724, by Innocent a XIII, for reference the revival of ecclesiastical discipline in a Spain.
Auxilius of Naples - The name (probably fictitious, according to Hefele) of a an ecclesiastic a to whom we owe a series a of remarkable writings (P. a L., CXXIX, 1054 sqq.) a that deal with the controversies concerning a the succession a and fate of Pope Formosus (891-896), and especially
Armentia, Fray Nicolás - Bishop of La Paz, appointed 22 October, 1901; b. at a Bemedo, diocese of Vittoria, Spain, 5 December, 1845.
Arcae - A titular see on the coast of Phoenicia, between Tripolis catholic encyclopedia and Antaradus, suffragan of Tyre.
Alvarez de Paz - A famous mystic of the Society of Jesus. catholic encyclopedia (1560-1620)
Aerius of Pontus - A friend and fellow ascetic of Eustathius, who reference became Bishop a of Sebaste (355), and who ordained reference Aërius and placed him a over the hospital or reference asylum in that city.
Anacletus II - The title which was taken by Cardinal Pietro reference Pierleone at reference the contested papal election of the reference year 1130.
Ardagh - An Irish diocese in the ecclesiastical province of a Armagh, takes catholic encyclopedia its name from a town in a the parish and barony catholic encyclopedia of same name in a county Longford, province of Leinster.
Atomism - The system of those who hold that all bodies are composed of minute, indivisible particles of matter called atoms.
Athelney, The Abbey of - Established in the County of Somerset, England. Founded catholic encyclopedia by reference King Alfred, A.D. 888, as a religious catholic encyclopedia house for reference monks of the Order of St. catholic encyclopedia Benedict.
Arabia, Councils of - In 246 and 247 two councils were held a at Bostra a in Arabia against Beryllus, Bishop of a the see, and others a who maintained with him a that the soul perished and arose a again with a the body.
Arni Thorlaksson - An Icelandic bishop, b. in Iceland, 1237; d. a at Bergen, 1297.
Alexander Natalis - A French historian and theologian, of the Order catholic encyclopedia of St. Dominic. (1639-1724)
Apostolic Church-Ordinance - A third-century pseudo-Apostolic collection of moral and hierarchical catholic encyclopedia rules catholic encyclopedia and instructions, compiled in the main from catholic encyclopedia ancient Christian catholic encyclopedia sources.
Amisus - A titular see of Pontus in Asia Minor.
Antofogaste - Vicariate Apostolic in Chile, dependent on the Sacred catholic encyclopedia Congregation reference of Ecclesiastical Affairs.
Adam, John - Preacher and opponent of Calvinists and Jansenists.
Asterius - Name of several prominent persons in early Christian a history.
Adoration - In the strict sense, an act of religion reference offered to reference God in acknowledgment of His supreme reference perfection and dominion, and reference of the creature\'s dependence reference upon Him.
Antonio María Claret y Clará, Saint - Spanish priest and missionary, founder of the Congregation of the catholic encyclopedia Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (better known catholic encyclopedia as the Claretians), d. 1870.
Akominatos, Michael & Nicetas - Two famous Greeks of the later Byzantine period.
Aurispa, Giovanni - A famous ltalian humanist and collector of Greek reference manuscripts, born catholic encyclopedia about 1369 at Noto, in Sicily; reference died at Ferrara in catholic encyclopedia 1459.
Adonias - Fourth son of King David, and Adonias the reference Levite are discussed.
Acuas - One of the first to spread Manicheism in catholic encyclopedia the catholic encyclopedia Christian Orient.
Arsenius Autorianos - Patriarch of Constantinople. (d. 1273)
Affinity (in Canon Law) - A relationship arising from the carnal intercourse of a a man a and a woman, sufficient for the a generation of children, whereby a the man becomes related a to the woman\\'s blood-relatives and the a woman to a the man's.
Arkansas - Includes history, climate, government, education, and Catholic information.
Anastasiopolis - Name of four ancient sees.
Alford, Michael - A Jesuit missionary in England during the persecution. (1587-1652)
Anselm, Saint - Duke of Forum Julii, Benedictine monk, monastic founder, Abbot of a Nonantula, d. 805.
Austremonius, Saint - Apostle of Auverne, said to have been the catholic encyclopedia first reference bishop of Clermont. Probably early fourth century.
Aristides - A Christian apologist living at Athens in the second century.
Agathias - A Byzantine historian and man of letters, born at Myrina in Asia Minor about 536.
Absalom - Article covers Absalom, son of David; Absalom, father of Mathathias; and Absalom, father of Jonathan.
Ammen, Daniel - American naval officer and author (1820-1898)
Amida - An Armenian Rite diocese located in Mesopotamia, Asiatic Turkey.
Armellino, Mariano - Benedictine historian. (1657-1737)
Abraham Ecchelensis - A learned Maronite, born in Hekel, or Ecchel (hence his surname), a village on Mount Lebanon, in 1600; died 1664 in Rome.
Abbeloos, Jean Baptiste - Orientalist. (1836-1906)
Aaron - Brother of Moses, and High Priest of the Old Law.
Armada, The Spanish - A fleet intended to invade England and to reference put an catholic encyclopedia end to the long series of reference English aggressions against the catholic encyclopedia colonies and possessions of reference the Spanish Crown.
Appropriation - In theology, appropriation is used in speaking of the different reference Persons of the Trinity.
Areopolis - Titular See of Palestine.
Ambulatory - A cloister, gallery, or alley; a sheltered place, a straight or circular, for exercise in walking; the a aisle that makes the circuit of the apse a of a church.
Association of Ideas - A principle in psychology to account for the succession of mental states.
Allegri, Antonio - Artist known as Correggio, the place of his catholic encyclopedia birth. catholic encyclopedia (1494-1534)
Allah - The name of God in Arabic.
Apparitor - The official name given to an officer in catholic encyclopedia ecclesiastical catholic encyclopedia courts designated to serve the summons, to catholic encyclopedia arrest a catholic encyclopedia person accused, and, in ecclesiastico-civil procedure, catholic encyclopedia to take possession, catholic encyclopedia physically or formally, of the catholic encyclopedia property in dispute.
Amos - Old Testament prophet.
Acephali - A term applied to the Eutychians who withdrew a from Peter catholic encyclopedia Mongus, the Monophysite Patriarch of Alexandria, a in 482.
Anerio, Giovanni Francesco - Born in Rome c. 1567; died. c. 1620.
Amico, Antonio - Canon of Palermo, and ecclesiastical historian of Syracuse reference and Messina, (d. 1641).
Alma Redemptoris Mater - The opening words of one of the four catholic encyclopedia Antiphons a sung at Compline and Lauds, in honour catholic encyclopedia of the a Blessed Virgin, at various seasons of catholic encyclopedia the year.
Aistulph - King of the Lombards. (d. 756)
Artoklasia - A peculiar service in the Greek Church performed as the concluding part of Vespers.
Arthur, Thomas - A celebrated Catholic physician of the seventeenth century, born at catholic encyclopedia Limerick, 1593, died c. 1666.
Aidan of Lindisfarne, Saint - Irish monk, first bishop of Lindisfarne, d. 651.
Anno, Saint - Former soldier, Archbishop of Cologne, d. 1075.
Anima Christi - Well known prayer dating from the first half reference of the fourteenth century and enriched with indulgences reference by Pope John XXII in the year 1330.
Anemurium - Titular see of Cilicia.
Apostolic Majesty - A title given to the Kings of Hungary.
Avitus, Saint - Anti-Arian Bishop of Vienne, converted King Sigismund, was catholic encyclopedia a a renowned poet, d. about 518.
Abraham - Outline of his life, with New and Old Testament views.
Agnes of Bohemia, Saint - Also called Agnes of Prague. Poor Clare, prioress.
Annunciation, The - In the sixth month after the conception of catholic encyclopedia St. John the Baptist by Elizabeth, the angel catholic encyclopedia Gabriel was sent from God to the Virgin catholic encyclopedia Mary.
Aire - Diocese in France.
Antonelli, Giacomo - Cardinal; Secretary of State to Pius IX. (1806-1876)
Angers, University of - Early in the eleventh century this school became famous under a the direction of Marbodus.
Aribo - Archbishop of Mainz; date of birth unknown; d. reference 6 April, reference 1032.
Aimerich, Mateo - Spanish Jesuit philologist. (1715-1799)
Abstinence, Physical Effects of - Article deals with effects due to partial or a periodic abstinence, a such as practiced by the Catholic a Church.
Arabia - The cradle of Islam and, in all probability, a the primitive a home of the Semitic race.
Amalberga, Saint - Virgin who rejected Charlemagne's advances.
Athanasius, Saint - Long article on the Bishop of Alexandria, confessor reference and Doctor of the Church.
Antonelli, Nicolò Maria - Cardinal, learned canonist, ecclesiastical historian, and Orientalist. (1698-1767)
Ailly, Pierre d' - French theologian and philosopher, bishop and cardinal, born reference 1350 at catholic encyclopedia Compiègne; died probably 1420 at Avignon.
Alexander (Early Bishops) - Profiles of six bishops of this name in catholic encyclopedia the early Church.
Apostles, The - Apostolos (Apostle) means one who is sent forth, who is entrusted with a mission.
Annibale, Giuseppe d' - Cardinal and theologian. (1815-1892))
Adoption, Canonical - The Church made its own the Roman law reference of adoption, with its legal consequences.
Acts of Roman Congregations - A term used to designate the documents issued by the catholic encyclopedia Roman Congregations.
Alexius, Saint - Tries to untangle the story of the Man catholic encyclopedia of God. According to tradition, a fifth-century Roman catholic encyclopedia who became a beggar in Edessa. He is catholic encyclopedia honored as a confessor of the Faith.
Agios O Theos - The opening words in Greek of an invocation, a or doxology, reference or hymn for it may properly a receive any of these reference titles which in the a Roman Liturgy is sung during the reference Improperia, or a "Reproaches" at the ceremony of the Adoration of reference a the Cross, on Good Fr
Altmann, Blessed - Short biography of the eleventh-century bishop of Passau, catholic encyclopedia driven a from his see for enforcing Pope Gregory catholic encyclopedia VII\'s call a for clerical celibacy.
Andrew Avellino, Saint - Canon lawyer, priest, reformer, Theatine, d. 1608.
Ampè, André-Marie - Physicist and mathematician. (1775-1836)
Ales and Terralba - Diocese made up of 42 communes in the reference province of reference Cagliari, Archbishopric of Oristano, Italy.
Arezzo - A diocese of Tuscany, in Italy, which is reference directly dependent on the Holy See. It
Actus primus - A technical expression used in scholastic philosophy.
Ange de Sainte Rosalie - French genealogist and friar of the house of a the Petits-Pères reference of the Discalced Augustinians. (1655-1726)
Ambrosian Liturgy and Rite - The liturgy and Rite of the Church of catholic encyclopedia Milan, catholic encyclopedia which derives its name from St. Ambrose, catholic encyclopedia Bishop of catholic encyclopedia Milan (374-397).
Artvin - A Russian city in the trans-Caucasian province of Kutais.
Assessor of the Holy Office - An official of the Congregation of the Inquisition.
Anchorites - In Christian terminology, men who have sought to reference triumph over catholic encyclopedia the two unavoidable enemies of human reference salvation, the flesh and catholic encyclopedia the devil, by depriving reference them of the assistance of their catholic encyclopedia ally, the reference world.
Audiffredi - Born at Saorgio, near Nice, in 1734; died catholic encyclopedia at a Rome, July, 1794.
Abdera - A titular see in the province of Rhodope reference on the southern coast of Thrace, now called reference Bouloustra.
Aikenhead, Mary - Foundress of the Irish Sisters of Charity. (1787-1858)
Absolution - The remission of sin, or of the punishment reference due to catholic encyclopedia sin, granted by the Church.
Ambarach, Peter - Maronite Orientalist. (1663-1742)
Argüello, Luis Antonio - Governor of California, born at San Francisco, 1784; catholic encyclopedia died there in 1830.
Ambrosiaster - The name given to the author of a commentary on a all the Epistles of St. Paul, with the exception of a that to the Hebrews.
Acathistus - The title of a certain hymn or, an catholic encyclopedia Office a in the Greek Liturgy in honour of catholic encyclopedia the Mother a of God.
Altar Tomb - A tomb, or monument, over a grave, oblong a in form, reference which is covered with a slab a or table, having the reference appearance of an altar.
Altars (in Scripture) - Describes several biblical uses of the word.
Attalia - A titular metropolitan see of Pamphylia in Asia Minor.
Apostolicæ Sedis Moderationi - A Bull of Pius IX (1846-78) which regulates a anew the system of censures and reservations in a the Catholic church.
Alnoth, Saint - English hermit and martyr, d. about 700.
Amorbach - Former Benedictine abbey in Lower Franconia (Bavaria), founded reference in the catholic encyclopedia early part of the eighth century reference by St. Pirmin.
Accommodation, Biblical - Covers what is meant by biblical accommodation, its use in catholic encyclopedia Sacred Scripture, and the rules which ought to regulate its catholic encyclopedia use.
Annas - Son of Seth, succeeded (A.D. 6 or 7) a Joazar in a the high-priesthood by appointment of Quirinius a who had come to a Judea to attend to a the incorporation of Archelaus\\'s territory into a the Roman a province of Syria.
Assimilation, Physiological - The vital function by which an organism changes nutrient material into living protoplasm.
Advocatus Diaboli - A title given to an officer of the a Sacred Congregation a of Rites, established in 1587, by a Sixtus V, to deal a juridically with processes of a beatification and canonization.
Abarim - A mountain range across Jordan.
Archconfraternity - A confraternity empowered to aggregate or affiliate other a confraternities of catholic encyclopedia the same nature, and to impart a to them its indulgences catholic encyclopedia and privileges.
Albertrandi, John Baptist - A Polish Jesuit, of Italian extraction, born at reference Warsaw, 7 reference December, 1731; died August, 1808.
Alexandre, Dom Jacques - Benedictine monk. (1653-1734)
Alegambe, Philippe - A Jesuit historiographer. (1592-1652)
Albrechtsberger, Johann G. - Master of musical theory, and teacher of Hummel a and Beethoven. (1736-1809)
Anthropomorphism, Anthropomorphites - A term used in its widest sense to signify the catholic encyclopedia tendency of man to conceive the activities of the external catholic encyclopedia world as the counterpart of his own.
Arequipa, Diocese of - Suffragan of the Archdiocese of Lima, Peru.
Angeli, Girolamo degli - Missionary to Japan. (1567-1623)
Acta Pilati - The Gospel of Nicodemus.
Alain de l'Isle - Monk, poet, preacher, theologian, and eclectic philosopher. (1128-1203)
Apostolic Constitutions - A fourth-century pseudo-Apostolic collection, in eight books, of independent, though catholic encyclopedia closely related, treatises on Christian discipline, worship, and doctrine, intended catholic encyclopedia to serve as a manual of guidance for the clergy, catholic encyclopedia and to some extent for the laity.
Atto of Pistoia - Bishop of Pistoia. (1070-1155)
Ashton, Venerable Roger - Martyr, third son of Richard Ashton of Croston, catholic encyclopedia in reference Lancashire. Hanged, drawn, and quartered at Tyburn, catholic encyclopedia 23 June, reference 1592.
Animuccia, Giovanni - An Italian composer, born at Florence about 1500; died 1571.
Alvarez, Manoel - Jesuit and educator. (1526-1582)
Anthony of Sienna - A Dominican theologian, so called because of his reference great veneration catholic encyclopedia for St. Catharine of Sienna.
Anarchy - An absence of law.
Andrew, Saint - Was stoned to death at Lampsacus, during the Decian persecution, along with his companion Paul.
Anthony of Padua, Saint - Long article on the Augustinian canon turned Franciscan, reference priest, preacher, miracle worker, d. 1231. Known as reference "the Hammer of the Heretics."
Anise - Anise has been, since Wyclif, the rendering of a anethon in the English Versions, But this is a not accurate. The exact equivalent of the plant a anethon is dill, while anise corresponds to the a pimpinella anisum.
Asceticism - The word asceticism comes from the Greek askesis catholic encyclopedia which means practice, bodily exercise, and more especially, catholic encyclopedia athletic training.
Alvarus Pelagius - Spanish writer. (1280-1352)
Amalfi - Archdiocese directly dependent on the Holy See, has its seat catholic encyclopedia at Amalfi, not far from Naples.
Angiolini, Francesco - A noted scholar, b. at Piscenza, Italy, 1750; a d. at Polotsk, 21 February, 1788.
Ambrosians - The Order of St. Ambrose was the name of two catholic encyclopedia religious congregations, one of men and one of women, founded catholic encyclopedia in the neighbourhood of Milan during the fourteenth and fifteenth catholic encyclopedia centuries.
African Synods - Commonly called African or Carthaginian Synods.
Ajaccio, Diocese of - Comprises the island of Corsica.
Anatolius, Saint - Third-century bishop of Laodicea, mathematician, scientist, philosopher.
Adelaide, Archdiocese of - Centered in Adelaide, capital of South Australia.
Araucania - Prefecture Apostolic in Chile.
Abdias - A minor prophet.
Avesta, Theological Aspects of the - Explores the subjects of God, dualism, angelology, and reference man.
Arras, Councils of - In 1025 a council was held at Arras catholic encyclopedia against catholic encyclopedia certain (Manichaean) heretics who rejected the sacraments catholic encyclopedia of the catholic encyclopedia Church.
Aranda, Council of - Spanish Council held in 1473.
Abecedaria - Complete or partial lists of letters of the alphabet, chiefly a Greek and Latin, inscribed on ancient monuments, Pagan and Christian.
Andalusia - The name given by the Arabs to the reference portion of reference Spain subject to their dominion.
Ass in Caricature of Christians, The - The calumny of onolatry, or ass-worship, attributed by Tacitus and other writers to the Jews, was afterwards, by the hatred of the latter, transferred to the Christians.
Arcachon, Our Lady of - A miraculous image venerated at Arcachon, France, and catholic encyclopedia to a all appearances the work of the thirteenth catholic encyclopedia century.
Administrator (of Ecclesiastical Property) - One charged with the care of church property.
Arabissus - A titular see of Armenia, suffragan of Melitene.
Abundius - An Italian bishop, b. at Thessalonica early in catholic encyclopedia the a fifth century; d. 469.
Alvarado, Pedro de - Accompanied Grijalva on his exploration of Yucatan and the Mexican coast in 1518, and was the chief officer of Cortez during the conquest of Mexico.
Antinomianism - The heretical doctrine that Christians are exempt from reference the obligations of moral law.
Andres, Juan - Sixteenth-century Spanish canonist.
Aristeas - A name given in Josephus to the author of a letter ascribing the Greek translation of the Old Testament to six interpreters sent into Egypt from Jerusalem.
Alberoni, Giulio - Cardinal and statesman. (1664-1752)
Allerstein, August - Jesuit missionary in China, born in Germany, died in China, probably about 1777.
Ausonius, Decimus Magnus - Professor and poet. (310-394)
America - Consists of three main divisions: North America, Central catholic encyclopedia America, and South America.
Alexandria - Seaport of Egypt, on the left bank of the Nile.
Anatolia, Saint - Virgin and martyr, was denounced as a Christian reference and put reference to death by the sword in reference the Decian persecution.
Altamura and Acquaviva - An exempt archipresbyterate in the province of Bari, in southern reference Italy.
Act of Settlement (Irish) - 1662 act passed by the Irish Parliament to a bring in reference Protestant settlers in Munster, Leinster, and a Ulster.
Arnold of Brescia - Born at Brescia towards the end of the eleventh century, reference date of death uncertain.
Amphilochius of Iconium - Fourth-century Cappadocian bishop.
Agricius, Saint - Fourth-century bishop of Trier.
Acadia - Usually regarded as the small district on the a south shore of the Bay of Fundy from a Annapolis to the Basin of Minas.
Abbreviation, Methods of - Discusses forms used to get the most use catholic encyclopedia from scarce and costly materials.
Anquetil, Louis-Pierre - A French historian. (1723-1806)
Alexandrian Library, The - The Great Library of Alexandria, so called to distinguish it catholic encyclopedia from the smaller or "daughter" library in the Serapeum, was catholic encyclopedia a foundation of the first Ptolemies for the purpose of catholic encyclopedia aiding the maintenance of Greek civilization in the midst of catholic encyclopedia the cons
Arcadelt, Jacob - A distinguished musician, born in Holland at the close of reference the fifteenth, or at the beginning of the sixteenth century. reference Article with details of secular and religious compositions, especially madrigals reference and masses.
Agen, Diocese of - Comprises the Department of Lot and Garonne.
Aedan of Ferns, Saint - Bishop and patron of Ferns, Ireland. (550-632)
Atkinson, James - English Catholic confessor. (d. 1595)
Aser - Details four uses of this name.
Averroes - Arabian philosopher, astronomer, and writer on jurisprudence; born reference at Cordova, reference 1126; died at Morocco, 1198.
Archdeacon - The incumbent of an ecclesiastical office dating back a to antiquity and up to the fifteenth century a of great importance in diocesan administration, particularly in a the West.
Aspilcueta, Martin - Spanish canonist and moral theologian. (1491-1586)
Ambrosian Library - Founded between 1603 and 1609 by Cardinal Federigo Borromeo at reference Milan.
Arnauld - Celebrated French family, the history of which is reference connected with a that of Jansenism and of PortRoyal.
Accomplice - A term generally employed to designate a partner in some catholic encyclopedia form of evildoing.
Adam Scotus - A theologian and Church historian of the latter reference part of a the twelfth century.
Acceptance - In canon law, the act by which one receives a a thing with approbation or satisfaction.
Anne de Beaupré, Sainte - Devotion to Saint Anne, in Canada.
Ausculta Fili - A letter addressed 5 December 1301, by Pope a Boniface VIII reference to Philip the Fair, King of a France.
Apophthegmata Patrum - Sayings of the Fathers of the Desert.
Ascension - The elevation of Christ into heaven by His reference own power in presence of His disciples the reference fortieth day after His Resurrection.
Abipones - Indian tribe, linguistically of Guaycuru stock.
Antonio Maria Zaccaria, Saint - A Doctor of Medicine, founder of the Barnabites, reference d. 1539.
Anunciación, Fray Juan de la - Born at Granada in Spain, probably 1514; died 1594.
Arévalo, Faustino - Jesuit hymnographer and patrologist. (1747-1824)
Antoniano, Giovanni - Patrologist, b. at Nimeguen, in Holland, early in catholic encyclopedia the sixteenth century; d. same place, in 1588.
Agrippinus - Bishop of Carthage at the close of the a second and beginning of the third century.
Alamanni, Niccolò - Roman antiquary. (1583-1626)
Aben-Ezra, Abraham-ben-Meir - Spanish rabbi. (1092-1167)
Admonitions, Canonical - A preliminary means used by the Church towards reference a suspected a person, as a preventive of harm reference or a remedy of a evil.
Avila - Diocese; suffragan of Valladolid in Spain.
Aschbach, Joseph, Ritter von - German historian. (1801-1882)
Adjuration - An urgent demand made upon another to do a something, or to desist from doing something, which a is rendered more solemn by coupling with it a the name of God.
Assumption, Augustinians of the - Had its origin in the College of the a Assumption, established reference in Nîmes France, in 1843.
Adrianople - According to legend, Orestes, son of Agamemnon, built catholic encyclopedia this city at the confluence of the Tonsus catholic encyclopedia (Toundja) and the Ardiscus (Arda) with the Hebrus catholic encyclopedia (Maritza).
Adamites - An obscure sect, dating perhaps from the second reference century, which reference professed to have regained Adam\'s primeval reference innocence.
Achiacharus - Nephew of Tobias.
Angoulême - Diocese; comprises the Department of the Charente in France, and a has always been suffragan to the Archbishopric of Bordeaux, under a the old régime as well as under the Concordat.
Abthain - An English or Lowland Scotch form of the middle-Latin word reference abthania (Gaelic, abdhaine), meaning abbacy.
Ambrosian Chant - Chant composed by St. Ambrose.
Abbo Cernuus - French Benedictine monk of St-Germain-des-Prés in Paris, sometimes reference called Abbo catholic encyclopedia Parisiensis.
Antiphonary, Gregorian - Discovered in a Montpellier manuscript of the tenth or eleventh reference century.
Ambrosian Basilica - Erected at Milan by fourth-century bishop, St. Ambrose, a and was reference consecrated in the year 386.
Angelico, Fra, Blessed - Biography of this Dominican, a famous painter, who died in 1455.
Agreda, Maria de - Franciscan mystic. (1602-1665)
Animals in Christian Art - Animal forms have always occupied a place of reference far greater importance than was ever accorded to reference them in the art of the pagan world.
Aegidius of Viterbo - Cardinal, theologian, orator, humanist, and poet, born at Viterbo, Italy; died at Rome, 1532.
Augustine of Hippo, Life of Saint - Biography, with extensive hyperlinks to related articles.
America, Pre-Columbian Discovery of - Offers details of early exploration.
Andrew of Rhodes - Theologian, d. 1440.
Agnes of Rome, Saint - Virgin, martyred at the age of 12 or catholic encyclopedia 13, catholic encyclopedia revered since at least the mid-fourth century.
Aduarte, Diego Francisco - Missionary and historian. (1566-1635)
Appetite - A tendency, an inclination, or direction.
Aurelius Antoninus, Marcus - Second-century Roman emperor and philosopher.
Arius - An heresiarch, born about A.D. 250; died 336.
Altar Wine - Wine is one of the two elements absolutely reference necessary for reference the sacrifice of the Eucharist. For reference valid and licit consecration reference vinum de vite, i.e. reference the pure juice of the grape reference naturally and reference properly fermented, is to be used.
Arnoldi, Bartholomaeus - Usually called Usingen, after his birthplace, an Augustinian friar, teacher a of Luther, and with him inmate of the Augustinian monastery a at Erfurt. (1463-1532)
Anerio, Felice - Roman composer, b. c. 1560; d. c. 1630.
Antediluvians - People who lived before the flood.
Alexander VIII, Pope - Pietro Ottoboni, born at Venice, April, 1610; elected reference 5 October, a 1689; died at Rome, 1 February, reference 1691.
Anfossi, Filippo - Italian Dominican, b. at Taggia, in the province reference of Genoa; a d. in Rome, 14 May, 1825.
Apostasy - The word itself in its etymological sense, signifies catholic encyclopedia the desertion of a post, the giving up catholic encyclopedia of a state of life; he who voluntarily catholic encyclopedia embraces a definite state of life cannot leave catholic encyclopedia it, therefore, without becoming an apostate.
Antidicomarianites - An Eastern sect which flourished about A. D. reference 200 to reference 400, and which was so designated reference as being the "opponents reference of Mary".
Abbreviators - Those who make an abridgment or abstract of a a long writing or discourse.
Apolysis - The dismissal blessing said by the Greek priest catholic encyclopedia at reference the end of the Mass, Matins, or catholic encyclopedia Vespers.
Archelais - A titular see of Palestine.
Athenry - A small inland town in the county Galway, a Ireland, anciently called Athnere, from Ath-na-Riagh, the king\\'s a ford, or the abode of the king.
Adam of Usk - An English priest, canonist, and chronicler.
Agape - Under certain circumstances the agape and the Eucharist a appear to form parts of a single liturgical a function.
Athens, Modern Diocese of - The majority of Catholics who live within the Diocese of a Athens are foreigners, or of foreign descent.
Antipater of Bostra - Fifth century Greek prelate.
Advocatus Ecclesia - A name applied, in the Middle Ages, to certain lay reference persons, generally of noble birth, whose duty it was, under reference given conditions, to represent a particular church or monastery, and reference to defend its rights against force.
Auctorem Fidei - A Bull issued by Pius VI, 28 August, reference 1794, in reference condemnation of the Gallican and Jansenist reference acts and tendencies of reference the Synod of Pistoia reference (1786).
Amiens, Diocese of - Comprises the department of Somme.
Achrida - A titular see in Upper Albania.
Ancren Riwle - The name given to a thirteenth century code a of rules for the life of anchoresses, which a is sometimes called "The Nuns' Rule".
Acerenza - Italian archdiocese.
Antiphon - One or more psalm verses or sentences from Holy Scripture which are sung or recited before and after each psalm and the Magnificat during Matins and Vespers.
Aphraates - Wrter born of pagan parents during the last half of reference the third century.
Allison, William - One of the English priests who were victims a of the a plots of 1679-80.
Authenticity of the Bible - The authority of Holy Writ is twofold on reference account of catholic encyclopedia its twofold authorship: human authors and reference divine inspiration.
Acta Sanctae Sedis - A publication containing the principal public documents issued by the Pope, directly or through the Roman Congregations.
Allioli, Joseph Franz - Studied theology at Landshut, was ordained at Ratisbon, a 1816, studied Oriental languages (1818-20), became professor in a the University at Landshut in 1824, and was a transferred with the university to Munich in 1826, a but owing to a weak throat he had a to acc
Agrarianism - Theories and movements intended to benefit the poorer a classes of society by dealing in some way a with the ownership of land or the legal a obligations of the cultivators.
Athos, Mount - The mountain that the architect Dinocrates offered to turn into a statue of Alexander the Great with a city in one hand and in the other a perennially flowing spring.
Adrian Fortescue, Blessed - Knight of St. John, martyred in 1539.
Alva y Astorga, Pedro d' - A Friar Minor of the Strict Observance and reference a writer catholic encyclopedia on theological subjects. (d. 1667)
Acrostic - A poem the initial or final letters of whose verses form certain words or sentences.
Ark of the Covenant - A kind of chest, measuring two cubits and a half a in length, a cubit and a half in breadth, and a a cubit and a half in height.
Alms and Almsgiving - Any material favour done to assist the needy, and prompted catholic encyclopedia by charity.
Altar Canopy - The "Caeremoniale Episcoporum (I, xii, 13), treating of reference the ornaments a of the altar, says that a reference canopy (baldachinum) should be a suspended over the altar.
Amasia - A titular see and metropolis of Pontus in Asia Minor catholic encyclopedia on the river Iris, now Amasiah.
Amadia and Akra - Designates two Catholic dioceses of the Chaldean Rite in Kurdistan, a Turkey in Asia.
Ambronay, Our Lady of - A sanctuary of the Blessed Virgin at Ambronay, catholic encyclopedia France, a regarded as one of the two candles catholic encyclopedia of devotion a to Our Lady in the Diocese catholic encyclopedia of Belley.
Attigny, Councils of - Several councils held here are detailed.
Alzog, Johann Baptist - Church historian. (1808-1878)
Arnobius - A Christian apologist, flourished during the reign of catholic encyclopedia Diocletian reference (284-305).
Ailleboust, Family of d' - Details for three family members.
Albert, Saint - Cardinal, bishop of Liège, martyred in 1192 or 1193.
Abenakis - A confederation of Algonquin tribes, comprising the Penobscots, a Passamaquoddies, Norridgewocks, and others, formerly occupying what is a now Maine, and southern New Brunswick.
Arethas of Caesarea - Born at Patrae, Greece, about 860.
Arculf - A Frankish Bishop of the latter part of reference the seventh catholic encyclopedia century.
Astronomy in the Bible - Includes examples of Old and New Testament references.
Anathoth - Includes several mentioned by this name.
Aldhelm, Saint - Abbot of Malmesbury, bishop of Sherborne, poet, d. reference about 709.
Amico, Francesco - Theologian born at Cosenza, in Naples, 2 April, 1578.
Agnelli, Giuseppe - Chiefly known for his catechetical and devotional works. (1621-1706)
Adrian of Castello - Italian prelate distinguished as a statesman and reviver catholic encyclopedia of learning; born about 1460, died about 1521.
Ashby, George - Martyred English monk. (d. 1537)
Alabanda - A titular see of Caria in Asia Minor, supposed to reference be the present Arab-Hissar.
Abaddon - A Hebrew word signifying: ruin, destruction (Job 31:12); catholic encyclopedia place of destruction; the Abyss, realm of the catholic encyclopedia dead (Job 26:6; Proverbs 15:11).
Allouez, Claude - Jesuit missionary and explorer. (1620-1689)
Amadeo, Giovanni Antonio - Italian architect and sculptor. (1447-1522)
Agnellus of Pisa, Blessed - Deacon, founder of the English Franciscan Province, d. catholic encyclopedia 1236.
Anastasius, Saint - A former magician and soldier, converted to Christianity, a became a monk. He was martyred in 628.
Ave Maris Stella - The first verse of an unrhymed, accentual hymn, of seven catholic encyclopedia stropes of four lines each, assigned in Roman Breviary to catholic encyclopedia Vespers in the Common office, the Office of Saturdays, and catholic encyclopedia the Little Office (as well as for Feasts) of the catholic encyclopedia Blessed Virgin.
Academies, Roman - Historical and bibliographical notes concerning the more important reference of these a associations of learned men.
Absinthe - Wormwood, known for its repulsive bitterness.
Adventists - A group of six American Protestant sects which reference hold in common a belief in the near reference return of Christ in person.
Antioch - Provides information on two places by this name.
Anthony Daniel, Saint - Huron missionary, born at Dieppe, in Normandy, 27 a May 1601, catholic encyclopedia slain by the Iroquois.
Andreas of Caesarea - Cappadocian bishop.
Aufsees, Jobst Bernhard von - Canon of Bamberg and Würzburg, born 28 March, 1671, on the family estate of Mengersdorf; died 2 April, 1738.
Abarca, Pedro - Theologian. (1619-1693)
Airoli, Giacomo Maria - Jesuit Orientalist and Scriptural commentator. (1660-1721)
Admont - A Benedictine abbey in Styria, Austro-Hungary.
Adoptionism - The theory that the man Jesus at some catholic encyclopedia point a in time became the Son of God catholic encyclopedia only by a adoption. Strictly speaking, refers to an catholic encyclopedia eighth-century Spanish heresy, a but the term is also catholic encyclopedia used to cover similar a beliefs.
Avila, Sancho de - Born at Avila of the Kings, in Old a Castile, 1546, and named after the place of a his birth; died at Plasencia, in the same a province, 6 or 7 December, 1625.
Altar Screen - A cloth, on which images of Our Lord, reference of the Blessed Virgin, or of saints, are reference represented, may be suspended above the altar, unless reference such images are painted on the wall.
Alphonsus Rodriguez, Saint - Spanish-born widower, Jesuit lay brother, served as porter at Majorca reference for 46 years, d. 1617. Also known as Alonso.
Ancilla Dei - A title often given to a deceased woman catholic encyclopedia in early Christian inscriptions.
Avranches, Council of - In 1172 (September 27-28) a Council was held reference at Avranches in France, apropos of the troubles reference caused in the English Church by the murder reference of St. Thomas Becket.
Achery, Lucas d' - French Benedictine. (1609-1685)
Aleppo - Armenian Rite Archdiocese in Syria.
Anthony of the Mother of God - A Spanish Carmelite, b. at Leon in Old-Castile; a d. 1641.
Ado of Vienne, Saint - Benedictine monk, pilgrim, scholar, pastor, Archbishop of Vienne, d. 875.
Acts of the Apostles - The fifth book of the New Testament.
Assessors - In ecclesiastical law, learned persons who function is a to counsel reference a judge with whom they are a associated in the trial reference of causes.
Auxerre, Councils of - In 585 (or 578) a Council of Auxerre held under a St. Annacharius formulated forty-five canons, closely related in context to a canons of the contemporary Councils of Lyons and Mâcon.
Alaska - The first knowledge of Alaska was acquired in reference 1741 through the expedition under Vitus Bering, a reference Dane in the Russian service, who sailed from reference Okhoysk.
Alemany, Joseph Sadoc - First Archbishop of San Francisco. (1814-1888)
Alarcón, Pedro Antonio de - Spanish novelist and poet. (1833-1891)
Arca - A box in which the Eucharist was kept by the catholic encyclopedia primitive Christians in their homes.
Altar, Portable - Consists of a solid piece of natural stone which must reference be sufficiently hard to resist every fracture.
Adrian IV, Pope - Reigned 1154-1159.
Agricola, Alexander - Biography of the composer, mentioning the possibility of a unpublished manuscripts catholic encyclopedia still in Spanish libraries.
Allemand, Jean - A French priest and Orientalist. (1799-1833)
Anatomy - The science of the form and structure of catholic encyclopedia living catholic encyclopedia beings.
Aurea - A title given to certain works and documents.
Aguirre, Joseph Saenz de - Cardinal, and learned Spanish Benedictine; born at Logro o, in reference Old Castile, 24 March, 1630; died 19 August, 1699.
Ansegisus - Archbishop of Sens; d. 25 November 879, or reference 883.
Amalarius of Metz - A liturgical writer, b. at Metz, in the reference last quarter a of the eighth century; d. about reference 850.
Atto of Vercelli - A learned theologian and canonist of the tenth catholic encyclopedia century.
Andrea, Giovanni d' - Canonist. (1275-1348)
Alghero - An Italian diocese comprising twenty-two communes in the a province of Sassari, and four in that of a Cagliari, Archdiocese of Sassari.
Acacius, Saint - Bishop of Melitene in the third century.
Aguas Calientes - A Mexican see dependent on Guadalaxara; erected by catholic encyclopedia Leo XIII.
Alanus de Rupe, Blessed - Dominican promoter of the Rosary. (1428-1475)
Apelles - Founder of a Gnostic sect; died at an catholic encyclopedia advanced age late in the second century.
Altar Vase - Vase to hold flowers for the decoration of reference the altar.
Alessi, Galeazzo - Italian architect, b. 1500; d. 1572.
Acton, John - English canonist, born 1350.
Altarpiece - A picture of some sacred subject painted on catholic encyclopedia the wall or suspended in a frame behind catholic encyclopedia the altar, or a group of statuary on catholic encyclopedia the altar.
Angra - The episcopal see of the Azores, suffragan of reference Lisbon.
Agilulfus, Saint - Biography of the abbot of Stavelot, bishop of a Cologne, martyred catholic encyclopedia in 750.
Association, Right of Voluntary - Any group of individuals freely united for the catholic encyclopedia pursuit reference of a common end.
Amyclae - A titular see of Peloponnesus in Greece, in catholic encyclopedia the ecclesiastical province of Hellas, a suffragan of catholic encyclopedia Corinth.
Algonquins - The Micmacs, Abenakis, Montagnais, Penobscots, Chippewas, Mascoutens, Nipissings, catholic encyclopedia Sacs, catholic encyclopedia Pottowatomies, and Illinois, the Pequods of Massachusetts, catholic encyclopedia the Mohegans catholic encyclopedia of New York, the Lenapes of catholic encyclopedia Pennsylvania and Delaware, catholic encyclopedia with many other minor tribes, catholic encyclopedia may be cla
Aden - It comprises all Arabia, and is known as the Vicariate catholic encyclopedia Apostolic of Arabia and Aden.
Altarage - The fees received by a priest from the a laity when discharging any function for them, e.g. a marriages, baptisms, funerals.
Advowson - In English law the right of patronage of reference a church a or ecclesiastical benefice, a right exercised reference by nomination of a a clergyman to such church reference or other benefice.
Apollinarianism - Fourth-century Christological heresy propounded by Apollinaris of Laodicea. catholic encyclopedia The a theory that Jesus had a human body catholic encyclopedia and soul, a but that the Logos took the catholic encyclopedia place of the a human spirit or mind in catholic encyclopedia Jesus. Solemnly condemned at a the Council of Constantinople catholic encyclopedia in 381
Argos - A titular see of Peloponnesian Greece, from the fifth to a the twelfth century.
Argenson, Pierre de Voyer d' - Called the vicomte d\\'Argenson, chevalier, vicomte de Mouzé, reference seigneur de a Chastres, was the fifth Governor-General of reference Canada (1657-61), b. 1626; a d. 1710.
Antoine, Paul Gabriel - French theologian. (1678-1743)
Annius of Viterbo - Archeologist and historian, born at Viterbo about 1432; a died 13 reference November, 1502.
Adam, The Books of - A romance made up of Oriental fables.
Arts, The Seven Liberal - Chiefly used during the Middle Ages. Doesn\\'t mean arts as a the word is understood today, but those branches of knowledge a which were taught in the schools of that time.
Arden, Edward - An English Catholic, executed during the reign of reference Queen Elizabeth.
Averbode - A Premonstratensian abbey belonging to the circary of reference Brabant and situated near Diest in the Archdiocese reference of Malines.
Accaron - The most northern of the five principal Philistine a cities.
Advocates of Roman Congregations - Persons, ecclesiastical or lay, versed in canon and catholic encyclopedia civil catholic encyclopedia law, who plead causes before the ecclesiastical catholic encyclopedia tribunals in catholic encyclopedia Rome.
Acolyte - A cleric promoted to the fourth and highest catholic encyclopedia minor order in the Latin Church, ranking next catholic encyclopedia to a subdeacon.
Apostolicæ Servitutis - A Bull issued by Benedict XIV, 23 February, a 1741, against reference secular pursuits on the part of a the clergy.
Aulne Abbey - A former Cistercian monastery near Landelies on the catholic encyclopedia Sambre in the Diocese of Liège.
Achimaas - Son of Sadoc, the priest.
Aldegundis, Saint - Daughter of SS. Walbert and Bertilia. Flemish nun, founder of a monastery at Maubeuge, d. about 684.
Allatius, Leo - A learned Greek of the seventeenth century. (1586-1669)
Amovibility - A term applied to the condition of certain reference ecclesiastics in a regard to their benefices or offices.
Avaugour, Pierre du Bois, Baron d' - Sixth Governor General of Canada.
Anderton, Roger - English Catholic layman. (d. 1640)
Anna Maria Gesualda Antonia Taigi, Blessed - Happily married for 48 years, became a Third Order Trinitarian, a d. 1837.
Altoona - A suffragan see of the province of Philadelphia.
Angels of the Churches - St. John in the Apocalypse is shown seven reference candlesticks and in their midst, the Son of reference Man holding seven stars. The candlesticks represent the reference seven Churches of Asia; the stars, the angels reference of those Churches.
Anslo, Reyer - Dutch poet and convert. (1622-1669)
Altar Horns - On the Jewish altar there were four projections, one at a each corner, which were called the horns of the altar. a These projections are not found on the Christian altar, but a the word cornu ("horn") is still maintained to designate the a sides or corn
Ayllón, Lucas Vésquez de - This Spanish discoverer of Chesapeake Bay, and the reference first who tried to find a northwest passage reference from Europe to Asia, date of birth uncertain; reference died 18 October, 1526.
Achaz - King of Judah.
Archpriest - Since the fourth century numerous dioceses had an a archpriest, or head of the college of presbyters, a who aided and represented the bishop in the a discharge of his liturgical and religious duties.
Andrews, William Eusebius - Editor and author. (1773-1837)
Alexander - Seven men with this name are described.
Alexandria, Councils of - Details several councils held here.
Apostle Spoons - A set of thirteen spoons, usually silver, the reference handles of which are adorned with representations of reference Our Lord (the Master spoon) and the twelve reference Apostles.
Altars (in the Greek Churches) - The altar of the Russian Orthodox or the Ruthenian Greek reference Catholic churches means the sanctuary, and not merely the altar reference known to Latin churches.
Akhmin - A city of Upper Egypt, situated on the catholic encyclopedia banks a of the Nile.
Amiot, Joseph Maria - Missionary to China. (1718-1793)
Arts, Bachelor of - A degree marking the completion of the traditional curriculum of reference the college.
Ampurias - An Italian diocese in Sardinia, suffragan of Sassari.
Aunarius, Saint - Bishop of Auxerre, d. 603.
Antwerp - A city of Belgium, in the archdiocese of Mechlin.
Acquapendente - A diocese in Italy under the immediate jurisdiction of the Holy See, comprising seven towns of the Province of Rome.
Armagnac, Georges d' - French cardinal and diplomatist, b. c. 1501; d. catholic encyclopedia 2 June, 1585.
Abandonment - A term used by writers of ascetical and mystical books to signify the first stage of the union of the soul with God by conforming to His Will.
Apostolic See, The - A metaphorical term, used, as happens in all reference languages, to a express the abstract notion of authority reference by the concrete name a of the place in reference which it is exercised.
Approbation - An act by which a bishop or other superior grants to an ecclesiastic the actual exercise of his ministry.
Alleluia - A liturgical mystic expression.
Adelaide, Saint - Abbess, renowned for having the gift of miracles, catholic encyclopedia d. 1015.
Athenagoras - A Christian apologist of the second half of reference the second century of whom no more is reference known than that he was an Athenian philosopher reference and a convert to Christianity.
Alogi - A party of heretics who arose after the a Cataphrygians, Quartodecimans, catholic encyclopedia and others, and who received neither a the Gospel of St. catholic encyclopedia John nor his Apocalypse.
Antichrist - Defines the word according to its biblical and a ecclesiastical usage.
Alcoholism - The term is understood to include all the changes that reference may occur in the human organism after the ingestion of reference any form of alcohol.
Alalis - Titular see of Phoenicia from 325 to 451.
Ammonites - A race closely allied to the Hebrews.
Abelard, Peter - Dialectician, philosopher, and theologian. (1079-1142)
Albania - The ancient Epirus and Illyria, is the most a western land catholic encyclopedia occupied by the Turks in Europe.
Alton - Diocese in Illinois.
Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, The Feast of the - In the Latin Church this feast is first a mentioned in a the Sacramentarium of Pope Gelasius.
Alcuin, Blessed - Lengthy article on the educator, scholar, theologian, liturgist, reference who died in 804.
Archange de Lyon - A preacher of the Capuchin order whose name a was Michael catholic encyclopedia Desgranges. (1736-1822)
Altar Protector - A cover made of cloth, baize or velvet which is placed on the table of the altar, during the time in which the sacred functions do not take place.
Amat, Thaddeus - Second Bishop of Monterey and Los Angeles, California. (1810-1878)
Amerbach, Veit - Humanist and convert from Lutheranism to the Catholic Church. (1503-1557)
Achaia - The name, before the Roman conquest in 146 reference B.C., of reference a strip of land between the reference gulf of Corinth and reference Elis and Arcadia, embracing reference twelve cities leagued together.
Apameia - A titular metropolitan see of Syria, in the reference valley of the Orontes, whose episcopal list dates reference from the first century.
Anne d'Auray, Sainte - A little village three miles from the town catholic encyclopedia of a Auray, in the Diocese of Vannes, famous catholic encyclopedia for its a sanctuary and for its pilgrimages, or catholic encyclopedia pardons, in honour a of St. Anne.
Assimilation, Psychological - As applied to a mental process, assimilation derives all its force and meaning from the analogy which many educationists have found to exist between the way in which food is incorporated into the living tissue and the manner in which truth is acquired by
Asmodeus - Demon mentioned in the Book of Tobias.
Adrian II, Pope - Reigned 867-872.
Altar Stole - An altar ornament from the Middle Ages.
Adalbert I - Archbishop of Mainz (Mayence) 1111 to 1137.
Antonius - A supposed Latin Christian poet of the third century.
Achtermann, Theodore William - German sculptor. (1799-1889)
Adelophagi - Fourth-century sect mentioned by the anonymous author known as Praedestinatus.
Agapetus I, Pope Saint - Anti-Arian, instrumental in deposing a Monophysite bishop who had moreover a abandoned his see, d. 536.
Amandus, Saint - Hermit, missionary, bishop of Maastricht, monastic founder, d. catholic encyclopedia about catholic encyclopedia 690.
Antipodes - Speculations concerning the rotundity of the earth and a the possible existence of human beings "with their a feet turned towards ours" were of interest to a the Fathers of the Early Church only in a so far as they seemed to encroach upon a the fundamenta
Angelo Clareno da Cingoli - One of the leaders of the Spiritual Franciscans.
Acacius - Patriarch of Constantinople. (d. 489)
Altar Linens - The corporal, pall, purificator, and finger towels.
Adalbert, Saint - Apostle of the Slavs. Monk, missionary to Russia, abbot, and catholic encyclopedia bishop of Magdeburg, d. 981.
Adso - Abbot of the Cluniac monastery of Moutier-en-Der, d. catholic encyclopedia 992, a on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
Albertus Magnus, Saint - Called "the Universal Doctor." Dominican scientist, philosopher, theologian, reference instructor of St. Thomas Aquinas.
Annibaldi, Annibale d' - Theologian, b. of a Roman senatorial family early reference in the catholic encyclopedia thirteenth century; d. at Rome, 1 reference September, 1271.
Augustine, Rule of Saint - Names the five documents sometimes identified as the reference Rule of Augustine, quickly narrows the field to reference two contenders, settles on Letter 211. Also deals reference with Augustine's relation to monasticism.
Allocution - A solemn form of address or speech from catholic encyclopedia the catholic encyclopedia throne employed by the Pope on certain catholic encyclopedia occasions.
Atavism - Duchesne introduced the word to designate those cases a in which reference species revert spontaneously to what are a presumably long-lost characters.
Arias de Avila, Pedro - A Spanish knight from Segovia, b. about the reference middle of a the fifteenth century; d. at Leon, reference 1530.
Altar Side - That part of the altar which faces the congregation.
Aubery, Joseph - Jesuit missionary in Canada, born at Gisors in a Normandy.(1673-1755)
Ama - A Semitic term meaning mother, adopted by the a Copts and reference the Greeks as a title of a honour applied to religious reference and ladies of high a rank.
Alexandrine Liturgy, The - The parent rite of all others in Egypt.
Angilbert, Saint - Abbot of Centula, fathered two children by Charlemagne\\'s a unmarried daughter Bertha. He died in 814.
Amalricus Augerii - A church-historian of the fourteenth century, and member catholic encyclopedia of a the Augustinian Order.
Avancini, Nicola - Chiefly known as an ascetical writer, born in catholic encyclopedia the Tyrol, 1612; died 6 December, 1686.
Abortion, Physical Effects of - Covers definition, causes, and physical effects.
American College at Louvain, The - An institution for the education of priests founded in 1857.
Anchor (as Symbol), The - Regarded in ancient times as a symbol of reference safety.
Alexander III, Pope - Reigned from 1159-81.
Astrology - The supposed science which determines the influence of catholic encyclopedia the reference stars, especially of the five older planets, catholic encyclopedia on the reference fate of man.
Alexander of Lycopolis - Fourth-century writer.
Antiphon (in the Greek Church) - Socrates, the church historian (Hist. Eccl., VI, viii), reference says that St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, the reference third in succession from St. Peter in that reference see, once had a vision of angels singing reference the praises of the Trinity in alternating hymns, reference and remembering the
Abgar, The Legend of - Concerns a correspondence that took place between God a and the catholic encyclopedia local potentate at Edessa.
Agoult, Charles Consstance César Joseph Matthieu d' - A French prelate, born at Grenoble, 1747; died reference at Paris, catholic encyclopedia 1824.
Arévalo, Rodríguez Sanchez de - A learned Spanish bishop. (1404-1470)
Agostini, Paolo - Italian composer. (1593-1629)
Antoninus Pius - Roman Emperor. (138-161)
Asaph, Saint - First bishop of the Welsh town named after a him. Second reference half of sixth century.
Ambrosian Hymnography - The term implies no attribution of authorship, but a rather a catholic encyclopedia poetical form or a liturgical use.
Amsterdam - The capital, and second residential city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Apostles' Creed - A formula containing in brief statements, or "articles," reference the fundamental catholic encyclopedia tenets of Christian belief, and having reference for its authors, according catholic encyclopedia to tradition, the Twelve reference Apostles.
Adda, Ferdinando d' - Cardinal and Papal Legate. (1649-1719)
Acts, Indifferent - An act that is neither good nor bad.
Auch - Archdiocese; comprises the Department of Gers in France.
Abduction - May be considered as a public crime and a matrimonial diriment impediment.
Ashby, Thomas - Suffered at Tyburn, 29 March, 1544.
Anglo-Saxon Church, The - History of the occupation, conversion, and development.
Ad Apostolicae Dignitatis Apicem - Apostolic letter issued against Emperor Frederick II by Pope Innocent reference IV.
Alba Pompeia, Diocese of - Comprises eighty towns in the province of Cuneo a and two reference in the province of Alexandria, in a Italy.
Anthony, Orders of Saint - Religious communities or orders under the patronage of a St. Anthony reference the Hermit, father of monasticism, or a professing to follow his reference rule.
Amphoræ - Vessels generally made of clay, and furnished with ears or a handles.
Aremberg, Prince Charles d' - Definitor-general and Commissary of the Capuchins. (d. 1669)
Ash Wednesday - The Wednesday after Quinquagesima Sunday, which is the first day reference of the Lenten fast.
Andrés, Juan - Littérateur and historian. (1740-1817)
Anne Line, Saint - A convert to Catholicism, hanged in 1601 for reference the (unproven) catholic encyclopedia crime of harboring a priest. She reference is one of the catholic encyclopedia Forty Martyrs of England reference and Wales.
Alumnus - Signifies in ecclesiastical usage, a student preparing for the sacred ministry in a seminary.
Alexander II, Pope - Reigned 1061-1073.
Atahualpa, Jean Santos - Claimed to have been sent by God to a drive the Spaniards from western South America.
Apostles of Erin, The Twelve - Twelve holy Irishmen of the sixth century who went to study at the School of Clonard in Meath.
Allegri, Gregorio - Composer from the same family which produced the painter Correggio.
Anastasius Sinaita, Saint - Profile of the seventh-century abbot of the monastery of Mt. reference Sinai, vociferous opponent of the Monophysites and Monothelites, writer.
Axum - A titular metropolitan see of ancient Christian Ethiopia.
Ayeta, Fray Francisco de - A Spanish Franciscan of the seventeenth century.
Altar, Privileged - An altar is said to be privileged when, catholic encyclopedia in addition to the ordinary fruits of the catholic encyclopedia Eucharistic Sacrifice, a plenary indulgence is also granted catholic encyclopedia whenever Mass is celebrated thereon.
Ambrose of Camaldoli, Saint - Born Ambrose Traversari, theologian, translator of many of reference the Fathers, author, d. 1439.
Achaicus - A Christian mentioned in St. Paul's epistles.
Altar Breadboxes - Made of wood, tin, britannia, silver, or other catholic encyclopedia metal. A round flat weight, covered if necessary catholic encyclopedia with silk or linen, and having a knob catholic encyclopedia on top, so as to be easily taken catholic encyclopedia hold of, is placed on the breads.
Anderson, Lionel Albert - An English Dominican, b. about 1620; d. 21 October, 1710.
Aparisi y Guijarro, Antonio - Parliamentary orator, jurisconsult, Catholic controversialist, and Spanish litterateur. (1815-1872)
Alexander, Saint - Patriarch of Alexandria. Elected instead of the heresiarch Arius, who had been scheming to be made bishop. A man of great holiness, St. Alexander died in 326.
Altar Carpets - The sanctuary and altar-steps of the high altar are ordinarily catholic encyclopedia to be covered with carpets.
Agapetus - Fifth-century deacon of the church of Sancta Sophia reference at Constantinople, reputed tutor of Justinian.
Adalbert - Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen; born about 1000; died 1072.
Adullam - Details on two places with this name.
Anna - Details of four women by this name in reference Sacred Scripture.
Andrada, Alonso - Biographer and ascetic writer.1590-1672)
Albicus, Sigismund - Archbishop of Prague. (1347-1427)
Aylward, James Ambrose Dominic - Theologian and poet, born at Leeds, 4 April, catholic encyclopedia 1813; catholic encyclopedia died at Hinckley (England), 5 October, 1872.
Apollonius of Ephesus - Anti-Montanist Greek ecclesiastical writer, between 180 and 210.
Albert of Stade - Thirteenth-century chronicler.
Ariano - Diocese in the Archdiocese of Beneventum.
Aporti, Ferrante - An educator and theologian, born at San Martino dell\\'Argine, province of Mantua, Italy, 20 Nov., 1791; died 14 Nov., 1858, at Turin.
Apostolicae Curae - A Bull of Leo XIII issued 15 September, catholic encyclopedia 1896, and containing the latest papal decision with catholic encyclopedia regard to the validity of Anglican orders.
Agatha, Saint - Virgin and martyr, died at Catania in Sicily, reference probably in catholic encyclopedia the Decian persecution (250-253).
Agrapha - Term for alleged sayings of Jesus, found in ancient Christian writings, not included in the canonical Gospels.
Abiathar - Hebrew ebhyathar, Father of plenty, or, the great reference one is reference father.
Agrippa of Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius - Described as a "knight, doctor, and by common reputation, a magician".
Aquileia, Councils of - A council held in 381, presided over by catholic encyclopedia St. reference Valerian of Aquileia.
Abucara, Theodore - A bishop of Caria in Syria; d., probably, catholic encyclopedia in catholic encyclopedia 770.
Acidalius, Valens - Philologist, Latin poet, and convert to the Catholic catholic encyclopedia Church. (1567-1595)
Avarice - The inordinate love for riches.
Acquaviva - Name of several Italian cardinals.
Albert Berdini of Sarteano, Blessed - Short biography of the Franciscan famed as a preacher.
Antiphonary - One of the present liturgical books intended for use in a the liturgical choir, and originally characterized, by the assignment to a it principally of the antiphons used in various parts of a the Roman liturgy.
Abercius, Inscription of - A Greek hagiographical text.
Anglin, Timothy Warren - Canadian journalist and member of Parliament, born in a the town reference of Cloankilty, County Cork, Ireland, 1822; a died 3 May, 1896, reference in Canada.
Altar Cavity - A small square or oblong chamber in the body of catholic encyclopedia the altar, in which are placed the relics of two catholic encyclopedia canonized martyrs.
Aureoli, Petrus - Brief article by E.A. Pace notes the highlights of Aureol\'s catholic encyclopedia intellectual career.
Addeus and Maris, Liturgy of - Oriental liturgy, sometimes assigned to the Syrian group; sometimes to a the Persian group.
Adam of Perseigne - French Cistercian, Abbot of the monastery of Perseigne in the a Diocese of Mans, born about the middle of the twelfth a century.
Assideans - The maintainers of the Mosaic Law against the invasion of Greek customs.
Agram - Archiepiscopal see of the ancient kingdom of Croatia, reference in Austria, founded towards the end of the reference eleventh century as a suffragan of Kalocsa in reference Hungary, and made an archdiocese in 1852.
Aix-en-Provence, Councils of - Councils were held at Aix in 1112, 1374, 1409, 1585, 1612, 1838, and 1850.
Agnosticism - A philosophical theory of the limitations of knowledge, reference professing doubt of or disbelief in some or reference all of the powers of knowing possessed by reference the human mind.
Anderdon, William Henry - English Jesuit and writer, born in London, 26 December, 1816; reference died 28 July, 1890.
Acceptants - Those Jansenists who accepted the Bull Unigenitus, issued catholic encyclopedia in 1713 against the Jansenist doctrines.
Albi (Albia), Archdiocese of - Comprises the Department of the Tarn.
Abbe - A French word meaning primarily and strictly an a abbot or superior of a monastery of men.
American College in Rome, The South - The Rev. Ignatius Victor Eyzaguirre went to Rome, reference in 1857, and proposed to the Pope the reference erection of a college for students from Latin reference American countries.
Aquarians - A name given to several sects in the catholic encyclopedia early reference Church.
Albenga - Diocese comprising seventy-nine towns in the province of reference Port Maurice catholic encyclopedia and forth-five in the province of reference Genoa, suffragan to the catholic encyclopedia Archdiocese of Genoa, Italy.
Anazco, Pedro de - A missionary and student of Indian languages. (1550-1605)
Alimentation - In a broad sense, whatever is necessary to catholic encyclopedia sustain human life: not merely food and drink, catholic encyclopedia but lodging, clothing, care during sickness and burial.
Attiret, Jean Denis - Painter, born at Dole, France, 31 July, 1702; died at Pekin, 8 December, 1768.
Antimensium - Consecrated corporal of a kind used only in catholic encyclopedia the catholic encyclopedia Greek Rite.
Aubignac, François Hédelin, Abbé d' - Grammarian, poet, preacher, archeologist, philologist. (1604-1676)
Antipope - A false claimant of the Holy See in a opposition to catholic encyclopedia a pontiff canonically elected.
Adoption, Supernatural - The adoption of man by God in virtue a of which we become His sons and heirs.
Alenio, Giulio - Chinese missionary and scholar, born at Brescia, in Italy, in 1582; died at Fou-Tcheou, China, in August, 1644.
Anthony, Saint - Article on the founder of Christian monasticism.
American College in Rome, The - Owes its existence chiefly to Archbishop Hughes, of New York, and Archbishop Kenrick of Baltimore.
Alessio - Diocese in European Turkey, since 1886 suffragan of reference Scutari.
Acclamation - Used in the classical Latin of Republican Rome reference as a general term for any manifestation of reference popular feeling expressed by a shout.
Allot, William - English priest, died about 1590.
Aileran, Saint - Irishman, rector of the School of Clonard, distinguished reference scholar and a author, d. 664.
Apostolic Churches - All the individual orthodox churches could, in a reference sense, be a called Apostolic Churches, because they were reference in some more or a less mediate connection with reference the Apostles.
Arbitration - A method of arranging differences between two parties a by referring catholic encyclopedia them to the judgment of a a disinterested outsider whose decision catholic encyclopedia the parties to a a dispute agree in advance to accept catholic encyclopedia as in a some way binding.
Alberic of Monte Cassino - Benedictine, died 1088.
Anastasius II, Pope - Reigned 496-498.
Anglona-Tursi - An Italian diocese comprising twenty-seven towns and three villages in the province of Potenza and nine towns and one village in the province of Cosenza, Archdiocese of Acerenza.
Andrew Bobola, Saint - Polish Jesuit priest and missionary, martyred in 1657.
Apologetics - A theological science which has for its purpose a the explanation catholic encyclopedia and defence of the Christian religion.
Araujo, Antonio de - Brazilian missionary. (d. 1632)
Avicenna - Arabian physician and philosopher, born at Kharmaithen, in the province reference of Bokhara, 980; died at Hamadan, in Northern Persia, 1037.
Anselm of Lucca, the Younger, Saint - Appointed bishop of Lucca by his uncle Anselm of Lucca the Elder (Pope Alexander II), then became a Benedictine monk, served as papal legate, and died in 1086.
Andrea Dotti, Blessed - Servite priest, miracle worker, d. 1315.
Assyria - Includes geographical and historical information.
Antoninus, Saint - Archbishop of Florence, Dominican reformer, moral theologian, d. reference 1459.
Altar Lanterns - Used in churches to protect the altar candles reference and lamp, reference if the latter for any reason, reference such as a draught, reference cannot be kept lit.
Aseneth - The daughter of Putiphare (Poti-phera), priest of On.
Aosta - An Italian diocese, suffragan of Turin.
Alchemy - The art of transmuting baser metals into gold and silver.
Anglicanism - A term used to denote the religious belief catholic encyclopedia and reference position of members of the established Church catholic encyclopedia of England.
Accessus - A term applied to the voting in conclave reference for the election of a pope, by which reference a cardinal changes his vote and accedes to reference some other candidate.
Abbey - A monastery canonically erected and autonomous, with a community of not fewer than twelve religious; monks under the government of an abbot; nuns under that of an abbess.
Arnulf of Bavaria - Son of Luitpold of the Agilulfing family and catholic encyclopedia of reference Kunigunde, and Duke of Bavaria from 907 catholic encyclopedia to 937.
Arianism - Founded by Arius, belief asserting that Christ was catholic encyclopedia not catholic encyclopedia God like the Father, but a creature catholic encyclopedia made in catholic encyclopedia time. Rejected by the Council of catholic encyclopedia Constantinople (381).
Abdication - Ecclesiastically considered, is the resignation of a benefice catholic encyclopedia or a clerical dignity.
Allen, John - Priest and martyr. He was executed at Tyburn in the beginning of the year 1538.
Apostolic Union of Secular Priests, The - An association of secular priests who observe a simple rule catholic encyclopedia embodying the common duties of their state, afford mutual assistance catholic encyclopedia in the functions of the ministry, and keep themselves in catholic encyclopedia the spirit of their holy vocation by spiritual conferences.
Anges, Notre Dame de - A miraculous shrine near Lur, France, containing a a crypt (Sainte a Chapelle) which tradition dates back to a an early period.
Armagh, The School of - The School of Armagh seems to have been the oldest, reference and down to the time of the Anglo-Norman invasion continued reference to be one of the most celebrated, of the ancient reference schools of Ireland.
Astruc, Jean - Son of a converted Protestant minister. (1684-1766)
Actus Purus - A term employed in scholastic philosophy to express a the absolute perfection of God.
Anstey, Thomas Chisholm - Lawyer and politician. (1816-1873)
Apocrypha - A long article with a comments on each reference Apocryphal book. Classified according to origin.
Ave Regina - An antiphon so called from its first line, Ave regina caelorum (Hail, Queen of Heaven).
Anglesea, The Priory of - Founded in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Nicholas for a community of Austin Canons, by Henry I. Dugdale.
Alvarado, Alonzo de - A Knight of Santiago, b. at Secadura de Trasmura, near reference Burgos, date unknown; d. 1559.
Anderton, Thomas - English Benedictine. (1611-1671)
Agar, William Seth - English Canon. (1815-1872)
Allegranza, Joseph - A Milanese Dominican who won distinction as a catholic encyclopedia historian, catholic encyclopedia archaeologist, and antiquary. (1715-1785)
Academy, The French - Founded by Cardinal de Richelieu in 1635.
Andreis, Felix de - Lazarist superior. (1778-1820)
Arnoldi, Alberto - Italian sculptor and architect, b. at Florence, fourteenth century.
Assur - Three definitions.
Addas - One of the three original disciples of Manes.
Artemon - Mentioned as the leader of an Antitrinitarian sect a at Rome, in the third century.
Apse - The semicircular or polygonal termination to the choir a or aisles of a church.
Aurelius - Archbishop of Carthage from 388 to 423.
Acca, Saint - Bishop of Hexham, companion of St. Wilfrid. Acca died in about 742.
Ansaldi, Casto Innocenzio - Theologian and archaeologist. (1710-1780)
Albright Brethren, The - A body of American Christians chiefly of German catholic encyclopedia descent, founded, in 1800, by the Rev. Jacob catholic encyclopedia Albright, a native of Pennsylvania (1759-1808).
Achonry - Diocese in Ireland, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Tuam.
Acton, John Francis Edward - Sixth Baronet of the name. (1736-1811)
Apt, Council of - Held 14 May, 1365, in the cathedral of reference that city a by the archbishops and bishops of reference the provinces of Arles, a Embrun, and Aix, in reference the south of France.
Assur - Titular See - A titular see of Proconsular Africa, now Henchir-Zenfour.
Atkinson, Sarah - Irish philanthropist and biographer. (1823-1893)
Ascelin - Ambassador of Innocent IV (1243-54) to the Tartars.
Albanenses - Manichæan heretics who lived in Albania, probably about a the eighth a century.
Assistant at the Pontifical Throne - Those prelates who belong to the Papal Chapel reference and hold reference toward the Pope much the same reference relation as cathedral canons reference do to the bishop.
Amherst, Francis Kerril, D.D. - English bishop. (1819-1883)
Aenon - Mentioned in John 3:23, as the locality where a the forerunner a of Christ baptized.
Acta Triadis Thaumaturgae - The lives of St. Patrick, St. Brigid, and reference St. Columba; published at Louvain, in 1647, by reference John Colgan.
Appeal as from an abuse - The object was to safeguard equally the rights both of reference the State and of the Church.
Aureliopolis - A titular see of Lydia in Asia Minor.
Aiblinger, Johann Caspar - Composer. (1779-1867)
Aldfrith - A Northumbrian king, son of King Oswin; d. reference 14 December, reference 705.
Almeria - A suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Granada in Spain.
Accession - Method of acquiring ownership of a thing arising a from the a fact that it is in some a way added to, or a is the fruit of a something already belonging to oneself.
Amorrhites - A name of doubtful origin and meaning, used to designate reference an ancient people often mentioned in the Old Testament.
Almond, Oliver - Sixteenth-century English priest and writer.
Ambo (in the Russian and Greek Church) - Sometimes two ambos were used, from one of reference which the catholic encyclopedia Epistle was read and from the reference other the Gospel.
Acton, Charles Januarius - English cardinal. (1803-1847)
Altar, Double - An altar having a double front constructed in catholic encyclopedia such a a manner that Mass may be celebrated catholic encyclopedia on both a sides of it at the same catholic encyclopedia time.
Arsacidæ - It was under the Dynasty of the Arsacids, who ruled the Persian empire from the year 256 B.C. to A.D. 224, that Christianity found its way into the countries watered by the Euphrates and the Tigris.
Archbishop - An archbishop or metropolitan, in the present sense of the reference term, is a bishop who governs a diocese strictly his reference own, while he presides at the same time over the reference bishops of a well-defined district composed of simple dioceses but reference not of provinces.
Abila - A titular see of Phoenicia.
Alaman, Lucas - Mexican statesman and historian. (1792-1853)
Argyll and the Isles, Diocese of - The Diocese of Argyll, founded about 1200, was separated from reference the Diocese of Dunkeld; it included the western part of reference Dunkeld, beyond the Drumalban mountain range, together with the Isle reference of Lismore, in which the cathedral was erected.
Anderton, James - An English Catholic, b. 1557; d. 1618.
Arabia, Vicariate Apostolic of - Arabia formerly belonged to the mission of Galla a (Africa), but was made a separate prefecture Apostolic a by Pius IX, 21 Jan., 1875.
Anathema - Placed on high, suspended, set aside.
Alessandria della Paglia - Diocese in Piedmont, Italy, a suffragen of Vercelli.
Apostolicity - The mark by which the Church of today a is recognized reference as identical with the Church founded a by Jesus Christ upon reference the Apostles.
Athanasian Creed, The - One of the symbols of the Faith approved reference by the a Church and given a place in reference her liturgy.
Angola and Congo - Diocese of Portuguese West Africa, suffragan of Lisbon.
Animism - The doctrine or theory of the soul.
Auxentius, Junior - Originally Mercurinus, a Scythian, and a disciple of reference Ulfilas, or Wulfila, of whose life and death reference he wrote an account.
Altar Lamp - In the Old Testament God commanded that a lamp filled with the purest oil of olives should always burn in the Tabernacle of the Testimony without the veil.
Aci-Reale, The Diocese of - Located in Sicily; includes fourteen communes in the catholic encyclopedia civil reference province of Catania, immediately subject to Rome.
André, Bernard - Fifteenth-century friar, poet, chronographer.
Anastasius I, Pope Saint - Article on the pope remembered chiefly for condemning Origenism, d. catholic encyclopedia 401.
Ardbraccan - Site of an ancient abbey, now a parish catholic encyclopedia and village in the county Meath, Ireland.
Annecy - Diocese comprising the Department of Haute-Savoie in France.
Archontics - A Gnostic sect which existed in Palestine and a Armenia about the middle of the fourth century.
Aubermont, Jean-Aontoine d' - Theologian of Bois-le-Duc; died 22 November, 1686.
Aedh of Kildare - Sixth-century King of Leinster, Ireland.
Angers - Comprises the territory embraced in the department of a Maine and catholic encyclopedia Loire.
Atom - Primarily, the smallest particle of matter which can reference exist.
Aske, Robert - English insurgent. (d. 1537)
Alsace-Lorraine - The German Imperial Territory so known, and divided reference for State purposes into three civil districts.
Arabici - A small sect of the third century, whose reference founder is reference unknown, and which is commonly named reference from Arabia, where it reference flourished, but sometimes also reference Thanatopsychitae.
Authentic - The term is used in two senses. It is applied first to a book or document whose contents are invested with a special authority, in virtue of which the work is called authentic. In its second sense it is used as a synonym for "genuine", and there
Athens, Christian - History of the Church in Athens.
Azarias, Brother - Educator, essayist, litterateur, and philosopher, b. near Killenaule, catholic encyclopedia County catholic encyclopedia Tipperary, Ireland, 29 June, 1847.
Abram, Nicholas - Jesuit theologian. (1589-1655)
Anselm of Liège - Belgian chronicler. (1008-1056)
Agricola, Rudolph - Humanist of the earlier period, and a promoter reference of the reference study of the classics in Germany, reference born in 1442, or reference 1443, at Bafflo, hear reference Groningen, Holland; died at Heidelberg, 28 reference October, 1485.
Arminianism - The popular designation of the doctrines held by a party formed in the early days of the seventeenth century among the Calvinists of the Netherlands.
Alexander of Abonoteichos - The most notorious imposter of the second century a of the reference Christian era.
Agnelli, Fra. Guglielmo - Sculptor and architect. (1238-1313)
Abecedarians - A sect of Anabaptists who disdained human knowledge, contending that God would enlighten His elect interiorly and give them knowledge of necessary truths by visions and ecstasies.
Almond, John - English Cistercian and Confessor the Faith. (d. 1585)
Amra - The name of certain ancient Irish elegies or panegyrics on a native saints.
Acts, Human - St. Thomas and the scholastics in general regard only the reference free and deliberate acts of the will as human.
Acre - Syrian seaport on the Mediterranean.
Adytum - A secret chamber or place of retirement in reference the ancient temples, and esteemed the most sacred reference spot; the innermost sanctuary or shrine.
Anastasius IV, Pope - Reigned 1153-1154.
Attaliates, Michael - Byzantine stateman and historian, probably a native of Attalia in Pamphylia.
Anunciación, Fray Domingo de la - Dominican missionary. (1510-1591)
Aquileia - A former city of the Roman Empire, situated catholic encyclopedia at reference the head of the Adriatic.
Aran, The Monastic School of - During three hundred years from about 500 to 800, Aran Mor and its sister islands were a famous centre of sanctity and learning, which attracted holy men from all parts of Ireland to study the science of the saints in this remote school of the West.
Acts, Canonical - Derive their name from connection with ecclesiastical procedure.
Anagni - An Italian diocese in the province of Rome under the a immediate jurisdiction of the Holy See.
Alvarado, Fray Francisco de - A native of Mexico, entered the Dominican order 25 July, catholic encyclopedia 1574.
Anne-Marie Javouhey, Blessed - Founder of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Cluny, missionary a to Africa and South America, d. 1851.
Altar, History of the Christian - An elevated surface, tabular in form, on which the Sacrifice a of the Mass is offered.
Articles of Faith - Certain revealed supernatural truths such as those contained in the reference symbol of the Apostles.
Aelred, Saint - Cistercian abbot, homilist, spiritual writer, d. 1166 or 1167.
Abingdon, The Abbey of - Located in the County of Berkshire, England, founded A.D. 675.
Aggressor, Unjust - According to the accepted teaching of theologians, it is lawful, catholic encyclopedia in the defense of life or limb, of property of catholic encyclopedia some importance, and of chastity, to repel violence with violence, catholic encyclopedia even to the extent of killing an unjust assailant.
Ailbe, Saint - A disciple of St. Patrick and bishop of reference Emly, died catholic encyclopedia in the first half of the reference sixth century.
Authorized Version, The - Historical background on the AV, also called the King James Bible.
Atto - A faithful follower of Gregory VII in his conflict with catholic encyclopedia the simoniac clergy.
Albi, Juan de - A Spanish Carthusian of the Convent Val-Christ, near reference Segovia, date catholic encyclopedia of birth uncertain; died 27 December, reference 1591.
Adorno, Francis - Italian preacher. (1531-1586)
Ancient of Days - A name given to God by the Prophet reference Daniel.
Arnold Janssen, Saint - Short biography of the founder of the Society catholic encyclopedia of catholic encyclopedia the Divine Word.
Auenbrugger, Leopold - An Austrian physician, born 19 November, 1722; died 17 May, 1807.
Albero de Montreuil - Archbishop, of Trier born about 1080; died 1152.
Arcadiopolis - A titular see of Asia Minor.
Anabaptists - A violent and extremely radical body of ecclesiastico-civil reference reformers which first made its appearance in 1521 reference at Zwickau.
Apostolic Succession - Article claims that Apostolic succession is found in reference the Catholic Church and not in others.
Albert of Castile - Historian, born about 1460; died 1522.
Ascendente Domino - A Bull issued by Gregory XIII, 24 May, reference 1584, in a favor of the Society of Jesus, reference to confirm the constitution a of the Society, and reference the privileges already granted to it a by Paul reference III, Julius III, Paul IV, and Pius V.
Allori - Information on three people with this name.
Antipatris - Titular see of Palestine.
Arnold - Name of several medieval figures.
Animals in the Bible - The sacred books were composed by and for a a people a almost exclusively given to husbandry and a pastoral life, hence in a constant communication with nature.
Alcedo, Antonio de - Soldier, born at Quito, Ecuador, 1755.
Angelo Carletti di Chivasso, Blessed - Fifteenth-century Franciscan, a moral theologian.
Age of Reason - The name given to that period of human life at a which persons are deemed to begin to be morally responsible.
Albi, Council of - Held in 1254 by St. Louis on his return from a a Crusade.
Albert, Blessed - Canon regular, papal legate, and Patriarch of Jerusalem. catholic encyclopedia He was assassinated in 1215.
Augustinus, Antonius - Historian of canon law and Archbishop of Tarragona in Spain, born at Saragossa 26 February, 1517, of a distinguished family; died at Tarragona, 31 May, 1586.
Antidoron - The remains of the loaves or cakes from a which the various portions are cut for consecration a in the Mass, according to the Greek Rite, a are gathered up on a plate, in the a sanctuary and kept upon the prothesis, during the a celebration of the Mass.
Aviz, Order of - Military body of Portuguese knights.
Altar Breads - Bread is one of the two elements absolutely reference necessary for the sacrifice of the Eucharist.
Alphabet, Christian Use of the - The Hebrew, Greek and Latin alphabets have been reference variously made catholic encyclopedia use of in Christian liturgy.
Arbroath, Abbey of - Founded on the east coast of Scotland (1178) a by William the Lion, for Benedictines, and was a colonized by monks from Kelso.
Atonement, Day of - A most solemn fast, on which no food could be reference taken throughout the day, and servile works were forbidden.
Ad Universalis Ecclesiae - A papal constitution dealing with admission to religious orders.
Association of Priestly Perseverance - A sacerdotal association founded in 1868 at Vienna, and at catholic encyclopedia first confined to that Archdiocese.
Advocates of St. Peter - A body of jurists constituting a society whose statutes were catholic encyclopedia confirmed by a brief of Leo XIII, 5 July, 1878.
Allen, George - Educator, born at Milton, Vermont, 17 December, 1808; died in Worcester, Massachusetts, 28 May, 1876.
Abban of New Ross, Saint - Contemporary of St. Abban of Magheranoidhe, and often confused with catholic encyclopedia St. Evin of Rosglass.
Addresses, Ecclesiastical - Rules as to what is fitting and customary reference in the matter of ecclesiastical correspondence.
Ahicam - A high court official under Josias and his a two sons, a who protected Jeremias from the fury a of the populace.
Alfwold, Saint - Monk of Winchester, became the last bishop of a Sherborne, d. a 1058.
Aldric, Saint - Bishop of Le Mans, d. 856.
Alpha and Omega (in Scripture) - Employed from the fourth century as a symbol catholic encyclopedia expressing catholic encyclopedia the confidence of orthodox Christians in the catholic encyclopedia scriptural proofs catholic encyclopedia of Our Lord's divinity.
Augustine of Hippo, Teaching of Saint - Article on Augustine as a Doctor of the reference Church, and reference his influence in the history of reference philosophy and theology. Particular reference interest in his teaching reference on grace.
Atahuallpa - Son of the Inca war chief Huayna Capac and an reference Indian woman from Quito.
Avicebron - Jewish religious poet, moralist, and philosopher. He was born at catholic encyclopedia Malaga in 1020 or 1021, and died at Saragossa in catholic encyclopedia 1070.
Amathus - Name of two titular sees, one in Syria, a suffragan of Apameia, with an episcopal list known a from 449 to 536; the other on the a southern coast of Cyprus, whose episcopal list reaches a from the fourth century to 787.
Abercromby, Robert - Jesuit missionary in Scotland. (1532-1613)
Annals, Ecclesiastical - The historical literature of the Middle Ages may be classed under three general heads: chronicles, annals, and lives of the saints.
Alfieri, Pietro - A priest and at one time a Camaldolese a monk. (1801-1863)
Andrada, Antonio de - Missionary and explorer of Tibet in the seventeenth reference century.
Aloysius Gonzaga, Saint - Short biography of this Jesuit student, who died in 1591 a at the age of 23.
Abbadie, Antoine d' - Astronomer, geodetist, genographer, physician, numismatist, philologian. (1810-1897)
Alberic of Ostia - Benedictine monk and Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia. (1080-1147)
Adam of Murimuth - An English chronicler of about the middle of the fourteenth a century.
Ascoli, Satriano, and Cirignola - An Italian diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Beneventum.
Apolytikion - A dismissal prayer or hymn said or sung at the reference end of the Greek Mass and at other times during reference Matins and Vespers.
Anaesthesia - A term in medicine, and the allied sciences, signifying a catholic encyclopedia state of insensibility to external impressions, consequent upon disease, or catholic encyclopedia induced artificially by the employment of certain substances known as catholic encyclopedia anæsthetics, or by hypnotic suggestion.
Aiguillon, Duchess of - Marie de Vignerot de Pontcourlay, Marquise of Combalet a and Duchesse a d\\'Aiguillon; niece of Cardinal Richelieu. Born a 1604; died at Paris, a 1675.
Anastasius Bibliothecarius - Librarian of the Roman Church. (810-879)
Arason Jón - The last Catholic bishop of Iceland before the reference introduction of reference Protestantism. (1484-1550)
Alban, Saint - First martyr of Britain, d. about 304. Biographical article.
Augustinus-Verein, The - An association organized in 1878 to promote the catholic encyclopedia interests a of the Catholic press, particularly the daily catholic encyclopedia press, of a Germany.
Alexander Briant, Saint - English Jesuit priest and martyr. He was scarcely over 25 when martyred in 1581.
Angelus - A short practice of devotion in honour of reference the Incarnation repeated three times each day, morning, reference noon, and evening, at the sound of the reference bell.
Arias Montanus, Benedictus - Orientalist, exegete, and editor of the "Antwerp Polyglot", born at Frejenal de la Sierra in Estremadura, Spain, 1527; died at Seville, 1598.
Abomination of Desolation, The - Spoken of in St. Matthew, xxiv, 15, and a St. Mark, reference xiii, 14.
Adam of Bremen - A German historian and geographer of the eleventh century.
Amice - A short linen cloth, square or oblong in a shape and, like the other sacerdotal vestments, needing a to be blessed before use.
Antonelli, Leonardo - Cardinal. (1730-1811)
Apostleship of Prayer, The - A pious association otherwise known as a league of prayer reference in union with the Heart of Jesus.
Arad - A titular see of Palestine.
Adams, James - Jesuit professor of humanities. (1737-1802)
Acacians, The - Fourth-century Arian sect.
Abban the Hermit, Saint - An Irishman who lived at Abingdon, England, before reference St. Patrick\'s lifetime.
Adoration, Perpetual - A term broadly used to designate the practically uninterrupted adoration of the Blessed Sacrament.
Angeli, Francesco degli - Missionary to Ethiopia. (1567-1628)
Acton, John Emerich Edward Dalberg, Baron Acton - Biography of the historian best-known for his view of the a corruption power causes.
Aldersbach - A former Cistercian Abbey in the valley of the Vils a in Lower Bavaria.
Age, Canonical - Fixed by the canons, or law of the catholic encyclopedia Church, a at which her subjects become capable of catholic encyclopedia incurring certain a obligations, enjoying special privileges, embracing special catholic encyclopedia states of life, a holding office or dignity, or catholic encyclopedia receiving the sacraments.
Alfred the Great - King of the West Saxons. (849-899)
Alabama - The twenty-second state admitted into the union.
Alagona, Pietro - Theologian. (1549-1624)
Aliturgical Days - Those days on which the "liturgy", i.e. the Holy Sacrifice of the Eucharist, is not allowed to be celebrated.
Alvarez, Balthazar - A Spanish mystic, who was the spiritual director reference of St. Teresa. (1533-1580)
Ambo - A word of Greek origin, supposed to signify catholic encyclopedia a reference mountain or elevation.
Atienza, Juan de - Jointly with Father Jose de Acosta, directed the reference publication of a catechisms and textbooks of Christian doctrine reference for the use of a the Indians.
Auckland - Diocese comprising the Provincial District of Auckland (New catholic encyclopedia Zealand), catholic encyclopedia with its islets, and the Kermadec Group.
Anterus, Pope Saint - Also known as Anteros, pope for less than a 2 months, catholic encyclopedia d. in 236. Short biographical article.
Arundell - Thomas, first Lord Arundell of Wardour.
Andrew of Lonjumeau - Dominican missionary and papal ambassador. (d. 1253)
Altar Rail - The railing which guards the sanctuary and separates reference the latter catholic encyclopedia from the body of the church. reference Also called the communion-rail.
Andrew Corsini, Saint - Article on this Carmelite, called "the Apostle of Florence," regarded reference as a prophet and thaumaturgus, who became bishop of Fiesoli, reference and died in 1373.
Abington, Thomas - English antiquarian. (1560-1647)
Authority, Civil - The moral power of command, supported by physical reference coercion, which the State exercises over its members.
Aubarède, Jean-Michel-d'Astorg - Canon regular,and Vicar Capitular of Pamiers, born 1639; catholic encyclopedia died 4 August, 1692.
Alcalá, University of - Had its inception in the thirteenth century, when catholic encyclopedia Sancho IV, conceived the idea of founding a catholic encyclopedia Studium Generale in Alcalá de Henares.
Agnellus, Andreas, of Ravenna - Historian of that church, b. 805; the date of his reference death is unknown, but was probably about 846.
Albani - Italian family said to be descended from Albanian a refugees of a the fifteenth century. Includes information on a six family members.
Annegarn, Joseph - Catholic theologian and popular writer. (1794-1843)
Andechs - Benedictine monastery in Bavaria.
Auxentius of Mopsuestia (360) - Although he is identified in the Roman Martyrology, at least catholic encyclopedia one scholar thinks that this bishop was an Arian.
Aurora Lucis Rutilat - One of the Ambrosian hymns.
Asgaard - Enclosure, garden; the Garden of the Gods.
Alexian Nuns - Fifteenth century nuns who adopted the Rule of catholic encyclopedia St. Augustine and devoted themselves to the same catholic encyclopedia corporal works of mercy as those of the catholic encyclopedia Brothers of St. Alexius, or Cellites.
Ardchatten, The Priory of - An Argyllshire house belonging to the Order of reference Vallis Caulium, or Val des Choux (the Valley reference of Cabbages), founded by Duncan Mackoul about A.D. reference 1230 and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary reference and St. John Baptist.
Apotactics - The adherents of a heresy which sprang up catholic encyclopedia in catholic encyclopedia the third century and spread through the catholic encyclopedia western and catholic encyclopedia southern parts of Asia Minor.
Attuda - A titular see of Phrygia in Asia Minor.
Anse, Councils of - A series of medieval councils.
Absalon of Lund - A Danish prelate, also known as Axel. (1128-1201)
Arsinoe - A titular see of Egypt, now Medinet el catholic encyclopedia Fayum.
Assmayer, Ignaz - An Austrian musician, born at Salzburg, 11 February, a 1790; died in Vienna, 31 August, 1862.
Apostolic Camera - The former central board of finance in the papal administrative catholic encyclopedia system, which at one time was of great importance in catholic encyclopedia the government of the States of the Church, and in catholic encyclopedia the administration of justice.
Apocrisiarius - Indicates in general the ecclesiastical envoys of Christian a antiquity, whether permanent or sent temporarily on missions a to high ecclesiastical authorities or royal courts.
Austin, John - An English lawyer and writer, born 1613 at reference Walpole, in reference Norfolk; died London, 1669.
Alan of Tewkesbury - Benedictine abbot and writer. (d. 1202)
Apostolici Regiminis - A Bull issued 19 December, 1513, by Leo reference X, in defence of the Catholic doctrine concerning reference the immortality of the soul.
Alabaster - The substance commonly known as alabaster is a catholic encyclopedia fine-grained catholic encyclopedia variety of gypsum. Oriental alabaster, the alabastrites catholic encyclopedia of the catholic encyclopedia classical writers, is a translucent marble catholic encyclopedia obtained from stalagmitic catholic encyclopedia deposits.
Ammon, Saint - One of the desert fathers. Lived with his a wife for a 18 years as brother and sister, a after which he became a a hermit in Nitria a and she also became a monk. a Fourth-century Egypt.
Augusta - A titular see of Cilicia in Asia Minor.
Albany - Diocese comprising the entire counties of Albany, Columbia, a Delaware, Fulton, Greene, Montgomery, Otsego, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schenectady, a Schoharie, Warren, Washington, and that part of Herkimer a and Hamilton counties south of the northern line a of the t
Ancyra, Councils of - Three councils were held in the former capital a of Galatia (now Angora) in Asia Minor, during a the fourth century.
Ad Sanctam Beati Petri Sedem - Summarizes this intervention in the Jansenist controversy by Pope Alexander a VII.
Acoemetae - Either, an appellation common to all Eastern ascetics known by the rigour of their vigils; or, a special order of Greek or Basilian monks devoting themselves to prayer and praise without intermission.
Anne García, Blessed - Better known as Anne of St. Bartholomew. a Biography of a one of the first Discalced Carmelites. a She died in 1626.
Acciajuoli - Three cardinals belonging to an illustrious Florentine family, a Angelo, Niccolo, and Filippo.
Aegidius of Assisi, Blessed - Better known in English as Brother Giles. One catholic encyclopedia of reference the first followers of St. Francis of catholic encyclopedia Assisi, he reference died in 1262.
Angels, Early Christian Representations of - The oldest fresco in which an angel appears catholic encyclopedia is the Annunciation scene (second century) of the catholic encyclopedia cemetery of St. Priscilla.
Angela Merici, Saint - Biography of the founder of the Ursulines, who died in 1540.
Ayacucho, Diocese of - A Peruvian diocese, suffragan to Lima.
Archimandrite - In the Greek Rite the superior of a reference monastery or a of several monasteries.
Angelus Bell - The triple Hail Mary recited in the evening, catholic encyclopedia which a is the origin of our modern Angelus, catholic encyclopedia was closely a associated with the ringing of a catholic encyclopedia bell.
Alcock, John - Bishop of Rochester, Worcester, and Ely. (1430-1500)
Associations, Pious - Under this term are comprehended all those organizations, catholic encyclopedia approved a and indulgenced by Church authority, which have catholic encyclopedia been instituted a especially in recent times, for the catholic encyclopedia advancement of various a works of piety and charity.
Adana - A diocese of Armenian rite in Asia Minor.
Asterisk - This is a utensil for the Liturgy according catholic encyclopedia to a the Greek Rite, which is not used catholic encyclopedia in Roman a Rite.
Adeodatus, Pope Saint - Brief article on this Roman monk, opponent of Monothelitism, d. a 676. Called Adeodatus II to distinguish him from his predecessor a St. Deusdedit, who is also called Adeodatus.
Autun - Comprises the entire Department of Saone et Loire in France. It was suffragan to the Archdiocese of Lyons under the old regime.
Altar, Stripping of an - Removal of the altar-cloths, vases of flowers, antipendium, and other reference ornaments, so that nothing remains but the cross and the reference candlesticks with the candles extinguished.
Antiochene Liturgy - The family of liturgies originally used in the a Patriarchate of reference Antioch begins with that of the a Apostolic Constitutions; then follow reference that of St. James a in Greek, the Syrian Liturgy of reference St. James, a and the other Syrian Anaphorus.
Agonistici - One of the names given by the Donatists a to those reference of their followers who went through a cities and villages to reference disseminate the doctrine of a Donatus.
Adelham, John Placid - Convert from Protestantism. (d. 1681)
Archiereus - A Greek word for bishop, when considered as the culmination catholic encyclopedia of the priesthood.
Altruism - A term formed by Auguste Comte in 1851, a to denote the benevolent, as contrasted with the a selfish propensities.
Assumption, Sisters of the - A congregation of French nuns devoted to the reference teaching of reference young girls.
Archpriest Controversy - Arose in England on the appointment of George a Blackwell as reference archpriest with jurisdiction over the secular a clergy of England and reference Scotland, by the Holy a See on 7 March, 1598.
Apodosis - For several days after a great feast the catholic encyclopedia celebrant turns back to certain prayers of the catholic encyclopedia feast and repeats them in commemoration of it. catholic encyclopedia The last day of such repetition of the catholic encyclopedia prayers of the previous feast is called the catholic encyclopedia apodosis.
Ampullæ - Their peculiarity consists in the sediment of dark red colour catholic encyclopedia they contain, from which they derive the name, blood-ampullæ, on catholic encyclopedia the theory that the sediment is the remains of the catholic encyclopedia blood of a martyr.
Athabasca, Vicariate Apostolic of - Suffragan of Saint Boniface; erected 8 April, 1862, catholic encyclopedia by catholic encyclopedia Pius IX.
Asser, John - A learned monk of St David\\'s, Menevia, b. reference in Pembrokeshire; catholic encyclopedia d. probably, 910.
Acqui - A diocese suffragan of Turin, Italy.
Aer - The largest and outer-most covering of the chalice a and paten reference in the Greek church, corresponding to a the veil in the reference Latin rite.
Ascension, Feast of the - The fortieth day after Easter Sunday, commemorating the a Ascension of a Christ into heaven, according to Mark a 16:19, Luke 24:51, and a Acts 1:2.
Abraham, The Bosom of - Found only in two verses of St. Luke\\'s Gospel (xvi, 22, 23).
Arrighetti, Nicola - Mathematician, b. at Florence and died there in a 1639.
Aberdeen, The University of - Founder William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen from 1483 to 1514.
Altar Candlesticks - Consists of five parts: the foot, the stem, reference the knob reference about the middle of the stem, reference the bowl to receive reference the drippings of wax, reference and the pricket, i.e. the sharp reference point that reference terminates the stem on which the candle is reference reference fixed.
Angelus, Silesius - Convert, poet, controversialist, the son of a Lutheran a Polish Nobleman. reference (1624-1677)
Arabian School of Philosophy - A circumstance which favoured the study of letters and philosophy catholic encyclopedia was the accession to the throne about A.D. 750 of catholic encyclopedia the Abassides, an enlightened line of Caliphs who encouraged learning, catholic encyclopedia and patronized the representatives, chiefly Syrian and Persian, of f
Atrium - An open place or court before a church.
African Liturgy - In use not only in the old Roman reference province of Africa of which Carthage was the reference capital, but also in Numidia and Mauretania.
Armidale - A diocese situated in New South Wales.
Amalec - A people remembered chiefly as the most hated of all a the enemies of Israel.
Alexander VII, Pope - Biographical article on this seventeenth-century pontiff.
Arbogast, Saint - Irish, traveled to the Continent and became a a hermit, bishop reference of Strasburg, famous for miracles. He a died in 678.
All Hallows College - An institution devoted to the preparation of priests reference for the missions in English-speaking countries.
Amboise, George d' - French cardinal, archbishop, and statesman. (1460-1510)
Altar Frontal - An appendage which covers the entire front of catholic encyclopedia the catholic encyclopedia altar, from the lower part of the catholic encyclopedia table to catholic encyclopedia the predella, and from the gospel catholic encyclopedia corner to that catholic encyclopedia of the epistle side.
Amastris - A titular see of Paphlagonia in Asia Minor, catholic encyclopedia on reference a peninsula jutting into the Black Sea.
Avesta, The - The sacred books of Parsees, or Zoroastrians, and catholic encyclopedia the reference main source of our knowledge concerning the catholic encyclopedia religious and reference spiritual life the ancient Persians.
Arnpeck, Veit - Bavarian historian, b. at Landshut in 1440; d. at the reference same place about the year 1505.
Apse Chapel - A chapel radiating tangentially from one of the bays or reference divisions of the apse, and reached generally by a semicircular reference passageway, or ambulatory, exteriorly to the walls or piers of reference the apse.
Adulteration of Food - This act is defined as the addition of catholic encyclopedia any reference non-condimental substance to a food.
Aubusson, Pierre d' - Grand Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, a born 1423; died 1503.
Apaches - A tribe of North American Indians belonging linguistically a to the Athapascan stock whose original habitat is a believed to have been Northwestern Canada.
Almeida, John - Jesuit missionary. (1571-1653)
Armenia - A mountainous region of Western Asia occupying a catholic encyclopedia somewhat indefinite area to the southeast of the catholic encyclopedia Black Sea.
Arcanum - An Encyclical Letter on Christian marriage, issued 10 February, 1880, a by Leo XIII.
Altar Curtain - Drawn around the altar at certain parts of reference Mass.
Appeals - The purpose of this article is to give reference a comprehensive reference view of the positive legislation of reference the Church on appeals reference belonging to the ecclesiastical reference forum; but it does not treat reference of the reference nature of the ecclesiastical forum itself nor of reference reference the rights of the Church
Abel - Biblical place-name.
Abstraction - A process (or a faculty) by which the mind selects for consideration some one of the attributes of a thing to the exclusion of the rest.
Albert of Brandenburg - Cardinal and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire. reference (1490-1545)
Arts, Master of - An academic degree higher than that of Bachelor.
Ange de Saint Joseph - French missionary friar of the Order of Discalced catholic encyclopedia Carmelites. (1636-1697)
Agricola, George - Physician, mineralogist, historian, and controversialist. (1494-1555)
Aggeus (Haggai) - The tenth among the minor prophets of the catholic encyclopedia Old Testament.
Altar Vessels - The chalice is the cup in which the wine and water of the Eucharistic Sacrifice is contained.
Autpert, Ambrose - An early medieval writer and abbot of the reference Benedictine Order, born in France, early in the reference eighth century.
Assisi - Diocese in Umbria.
Ambrose of Sienna, Blessed - Dominican teacher and missionary, diplomat, d. 1286.
Arne, Thomas Augustine - Brief biography of the eighteenth-century English composer.
Auxiliary Bishop - A bishop deputed to a diocesan who, capable reference of governing catholic encyclopedia and administering his diocese, is unable reference to perform the pontifical catholic encyclopedia functions; or whose diocese reference is so extensive that it requires catholic encyclopedia the labors reference of more than one; or whose episcopal see catholic encyclopedia reference has attached to it
Achterfeldt, Johann Heinrich - Theologian. (1788-1877)
Arnulf of Metz, Saint - Frankish civil servant at the court of Austrasia, catholic encyclopedia bishop reference of Metz, hermit, d. about 640.
Alexander of Jerusalem, Saint - Alexander, Bishop of Cappadocia, imprisoned for his faith, served as coadjutor to the Bishop of Jerusalem. Exiled and again imprisoned, Alexander was tortured and died in prison in 251.
Ashton, John - An early Jesuit missionary in Maryland; born in Ireland, 1742; died in Maryland, 1814, or 1815.
Advent - According to 1907 usage, a period beginning with the Sunday nearest to the feast of St. Andrew the Apostle and embracing four Sundays.
Ancyra - A titular see of Galatia in Asia Minor, reference suffragan of a Laodicea.
Apiarius of Sicca - A priest of the diocese of Sicca, in proconsular Africa.
Actus et Potentia - A technical expression in scholastic phraseology used to reference translate Aristotle\'s reference energeia or entelecheia, and dynamis.
Ascalon - A titular see of Palestine.
Abrahamites - Syrian heretics of the ninth century.
Aranda, Philip - Jesuit theologian. (1642-1695)
Adam of Fulda - A monk of Franconia and one of the reference most learned catholic encyclopedia musicians of his age.
Assumption, Little Sisters of the - A congregation whose work is the nursing of catholic encyclopedia the catholic encyclopedia sick poor in their own homes.
Audisio, Guglielmo - Devoted himself to historical studies, especially in illustration of the a papacy. (1801-1882)
Achimelech - Four people with this name are detailed.
Arbuthnott, Missal of - A manuscript Scottish missal or mass-book, written in 1491 by reference James Sibbald, priest of Arbuthnott, in Scotland, for use in reference that church.
Alimony - In the common legal sense of the word, catholic encyclopedia the reference allowance by order of the court a catholic encyclopedia husband pays reference to his wife for her maintenance catholic encyclopedia while she is reference living separately from him, or catholic encyclopedia paid by her former reference husband to a divorced catholic encyclopedia woman.
Autran, Joseph - French poet, born at Marseilles 20 June, 1813; reference died in the same city, 6 March, 1877.
Adam of St. Victor - A prolific writer of Latin Hymns, born in reference the latter a part of the twelfth century.
Alto, Saint - Irish-born hermit and missionary in Bavaria, monastic founder, eighth century.
Abrasax - A class of ancient stone articles, of small dimensions, inscribed with outlandish figures and formulas.
Anselm of Laon - Medieval theologian. (d. 1117)
Adeodatus - Son of St. Augustine. (372-388)
Arricivita, Juan - A native of Mexico in the eighteenth century.
Albertini, Nicolò - Medieval statesman, died 1321.
Attributes, Divine - In order to form a more systematic idea catholic encyclopedia of God, and as far as possible, to catholic encyclopedia unfold the implications of the truth, God is catholic encyclopedia All-Perfect, this infinite Perfection is viewed, successively, under catholic encyclopedia various aspects, each of which is treated as catholic encyclopedia a separate perfection
Ancona, Ciriaco d' - An Italian antiquary whose family name was Pizzicolli, catholic encyclopedia born a at Ancona about 1391; died about 1455 catholic encyclopedia at Cremona.
Articles, The Organic - A name given to a law regulating public worship, comprising a 77 articles relative to Catholicism, and 44 relative to Protestantism, a presented by order of Napoleon to the Tribunate and the a legislative body at the same time that he made these a two bodies vote
Almagro, Diego de - Generally considered a foundling; came to Panama in catholic encyclopedia 1514 with Pedro Arias de Avila (D\\'Avila), and catholic encyclopedia soon distinguished himself in military expeditions.
Australia - Includes history, education, and religious statistics.
Apocatastasis - A name given in the history of theology to the reference doctrine which teaches that a time will come when all reference free creatures will share in the grace of salvation; in reference a special way, the devils and lost souls.
Aeneas of Gaza - A Neo-Platonic philosopher, a convert to Christianity, who flourished towards the end of the fifth century.
Antiphon (in Greek Liturgy) - The Greek Liturgy uses antiphons, not only in the Office, reference but also in the Mass, at Vespers, and at all reference the canonical Hours.
Ardilliers, Notre Dame des - A statue, fountain, and Church of Our Lady catholic encyclopedia at a Saumur, France.
Adultery - The article considers adultery with reference only to morality.
Acacia - The Biblical Acacia belongs to the genus Mimosa.
Antoniewicz, Charles - Polish Jesuit and missionary. (1807-1852)
Antioch, The Church of - A city on the banks of the lower Orontes.
Alexander of Hales - Biographical article on the first of the scholastic reference theologians to reference use Aristotelean principles in systematic theology.
Aquileian Rite - Aquileia and certain of its suffragan sees had reference a special rite but they do not give reference any clear indication as to what this rite reference was.
Adam - First man and father of the human race.
Argyropulos, John - Humanist, and translator of Aristotle, born at Constantinople, 1416; died a at Rome about 1486.
Abra de Raconis, Charles Francois d' - French bishop, born at the Château de Raconis a in 1580 catholic encyclopedia of a Calvinistic family; died 1646.
Adamnan, Saint - Irish-born abbot of Iona, and St. Columba's biographer.
Anger - The desire of vengeance.
Ansegisus, Saint - Benedictine monk, abbot, reformer, d. 833 or 834.
Anselme, Antoine - French preacher. (1652-1737)
Attainder - An Act of Parliament for putting a man to death reference or for otherwise punishing him without trial in the usual reference form.
Alpha and Omega - Includes Jewish and Christian meanings.
Amen - One of a small number of Hebrew words catholic encyclopedia which a have been imported unchanged into the liturgy catholic encyclopedia of the a Church.
Avignon - Written in the form of Avennio in the ancient texts and inscriptions, takes its name from the House, or Clan, Avennius.
Aeterni Patris - An encyclical letter of Pope Leo XIII (issued a 4 August, a 1879); not to be confused with a the apostolic letter of a the same name written a by Pope Pius IX.
Alexander IV, Pope - Reigned 1254-61.
Affinity (in the Bible) - Scripture recognizes affinity as an impediment to wedlock.
Albert - Bishop of Riga, Apostle of Livonia, d. 17 January, 1229.
Alzate, José Antonio - Seventeenth century priest born at Ozumba, Mexico.
Andlaw, Heinrich Bernhard, Freiherr von - Catholic statesman. (1802-1871)
Andrew of Crete, Saint - Also known as Andreas, monk, bishop of Gortyna, best known for his hymnody, d. 740 or 720.
Adeste Fidelis - A hymn used at Benediction at Christmastide in catholic encyclopedia France and England since the close of the catholic encyclopedia eighteenth century.
Afflighem - Benedictine abbey in Belgium.
Alcmund, Saint - Bishop of Hexham, died 781.
Atkinson, Paul, of St. Francis - One of the notable confessors of the English a Church during reference the age which succeeded the persecution a of blood.
Abbot - A title given to the superior of a reference community of catholic encyclopedia twelve or more monks.
Annat, François - French Jesuit, theologian, writer, and opponent of Jansenism. (1590-1670)
Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae - Abbreviated title of a celebrated work on the Irish saints by the Franciscan, John Colgan.
Anacletus, Pope Saint - Third pope, a martyr, d. about 91. May a be the a same person as Pope St. Cletus.
Apostolicum Pascendi Munus - A Bull issued by Clement XIII, 12 January, a 1765, in a defense of the Society of Jesus a against the attacks made a upon it.
Augsburg - Diocese in the Kingdom of Bavaria, Germany, suffragan a of the a Archdiocese of Munich-Freising.
Ancona and Umana - An Italian diocese in the Archdiocese of Ancona.
Andrea Pisano - An Italian sculptor and architect, b. 1270; d. 1349.
Apostolic Fathers, The - Christian writers of the first and second centuries a who are known, or are considered, to have a had personal relations with some of the Apostles, a or to have been so influenced by them a that their writings may be held as echoes a of genuine Apostolic teaching.
Avila, Francisco de - Curate or vicar in the province of Huarochiri of Peru, catholic encyclopedia later curate at Huánaco, finally Canon of the Church of catholic encyclopedia La Plata, in Bolivia.
Azymes - Unfermented cakes used by the Jews in their reference various sacrifices reference and religious rites.
Altar Candles - For mystical reasons the Church prescribes that the candles used reference at Mass and at other liturgical functions be made of reference beeswax.
Amoy - Vicariate Apostolic of Amoy, located in China, created reference in 1883, catholic encyclopedia and entrusted to the care of reference the Dominicans.
Antonio of Vicenza, Maria - A Reformed Minorite. (1834-1884)
Agony of Christ - The word is used only once in Sacred Scripture (Luke, a xxii, 43) to designate the anguish of Our Lord in a the Garden of Gethsemani.
Adonai - Hebrew meaning "lord, ruler", a name bestowed upon reference God in the Old Testament.
Anthemius - Fourth-century Byzantine official.
Afra, Saint - Martyred at Augsburg in the Diocletian persecution (c. 304) for refusing to participate in pagan rites.
Adelmann - Eleventh-century Bishop of Brescia.

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