Catholic Encyclopedia Reference Catholicism Denominations

Mysticism as direct union of the human soul with the Divinity primarily from a Catholic perspective, but does mention other mystical traditions.

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Mosynoupolis - Titular see in Macedonia.
Monastery, Canonical Erection of a - Details the conditions for the legitimate erection of a monastery.
Marie de l'Incarnation, Blessed - A.k.a. Madame Acarie. Founded the French Carmel, d. 1618.
Melchites - The people of Syria, Palestine, and Egypt who catholic encyclopedia remained reference faithful to the Council of Chalcedon (451) catholic encyclopedia when the reference greater part turned Monophysite.
Mace - A short, richly ornamented staff.
Michaud, Joseph-François - Historian, born at Albens, Savoy, 1767; died at m Passy, 30 reference September, 1839.
Mathieu, François-Désiré - Bishop and cardinal, born 27 May, 1839; died catholic encyclopedia 26 October, 1908.
Milopotamos - A titular see of Crete, suffragan of Candia.
Memling, Hans - Flemish painter, d. 1494. Artist's biography with bibliography.
Mixe Indians - A mountain tribe in southern Mexico, noted for their extreme m conservatism, constituting together with the neighbouring Zoque, a distinct linguistic m stock, the Zoquean.
Map, Walter - Archdeacon of Oxford, b. at, or in the vicinity of, catholic encyclopedia Hereford, c. 1140, d. between 1208 and 1210.
Meli, Giovanni - Sicilian poet, b. at Palermo, 4 March, 1740, catholic encyclopedia d. 20 Dec., 1815.
Mathew Flathers, Blessed - English priest martyred at York in 1607.
Montalembert, Charles-Forbes-René, Comte de - Born in London, 15 April, 1810; died in Paris 13 catholic encyclopedia March, 1870.
Monasticism, Western - The introduction of monasticism into the West may be dated from about A.D. 340 when St. Athanasius visited Rome accompanied by the two Egyptian monks Ammon and Isidore, disciples of St. Anthony.
Manna - The food miraculously sent to the Israelites during reference their forty catholic encyclopedia years sojourn in the desert (Ex., reference xvi; Num., xi, 6-9).
Medellín - Archdiocese in the Republic of Colombia, Metropolitan of Antioquia and m Manizales, in the Departments of Medellín, Antioquia, and Manizales.
Martin, Paulin - French Biblical scholar. (1840 - 1890)
Mayo, School of - Was situated in the present parish of Mayo, m County Mayo, catholic encyclopedia almost equidistant from the towns of m Claremorris and Castlebar. The catholic encyclopedia founder, St. Colman, who m flourished about the middle of the catholic encyclopedia seventh century, m was in all probability a native of the catholic encyclopedia m West of Irelan
Mary Tudor - Queen of England from 1553 to 1558; born catholic encyclopedia 18 m February, 1516; died 17 November, 1558. Mary catholic encyclopedia was the m daughter and only surviving child of catholic encyclopedia Henry VIII and m Catherine of Aragon.
Mayer, Christian - Franciscan writer; b. in Wiltshire, 1599; d. at Douai, 30 Dec, 1678.
Moore, Arthur - Count, b. at Liverpool, 1849; d. at Mooresfort, reference Tipperary, Ireland, catholic encyclopedia 1904.
Melk, Abbey and Congregation of - Situated on an isolated rock commanding the Danube, m Melk has been a noted place since the m days of the Romans.
Mundwiler, Fintan - Abbot of the Benedictine monastery of St. Meinrad, Indiana, born at Dietikon in Switzerland, 12 July, 1835; died at St. Meinrad\'s Abbey, 14 February, 1898.
Magnus, Saint - His "life" was re-edited twice, so that he is said catholic encyclopedia in it to be a contemporary of St. Gall (early catholic encyclopedia seventh century) but also of the first bishop of Augsburg catholic encyclopedia (mid-eighth century).
Mecklenburg - A division of the German Empire, consists of the two m Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
Malmesbury - Town in Wiltshire, England, ninety-five miles west of London, formerly the seat of a mitred parliamentary abbey of Benedictine monks.
Mencius - Chinese philosopher (b. 371 B.C.).
Magnien, Alphonse - An educator of the clergy, born at Bleymard, m in the Diocese of Mende, France, 9 June, m 1837; died 21 December, 1902.
Misocco and Galanca - This prefecture in the canton of Grisons, Switzerland, catholic encyclopedia comprises the valley of the Moesa which starts catholic encyclopedia at the pass of San Bernardino and flows catholic encyclopedia into the Ticino, and also the valley of catholic encyclopedia Calanca, through which the Calasanca flows.
Misericorde, Congregation of the Sisters of - Founded 16 January, 1848, for the purpose of m procuring spiritual and corporal assistance for poor mothers m and unfortunate girls.
Magrath, John Macrory - Born in Munster, Ireland, in the fifteenth certury; date and m place of death unknown. Like many of his ancestors, he m was chief historian to the O\\'Briens, princes of Thomond and m chiefs of the Dalcassian clans.
Mullanphy, John - Merchant, philanthropist, b. near Enniskillen, Co. Fremanagh, Ireland, m 1758; d. m at St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A., 29 m August, 1833.
Magistris, Simone de - Born in 1728; died 6 October, 1802; a catholic encyclopedia priest of the Oratorio di S. Filippo Neri, catholic encyclopedia at Rome, whom Pius VI created titular Bishop catholic encyclopedia of Cyrene and provost of the Congregation for catholic encyclopedia the correction of the liturgical books of Oriental catholic encyclopedia Rites.
Malmesbury, The Monk of - Supposed author of a chronicle among the Cottonian manuscripts in the British Museum (Vesp. D. IV. 73) which Tanner states to be only a copy of a chronicle written by Alfred of Beverley in the twelfth century, but which, according to Sir Thomas Hardy, is
Mantua - Diocese of Mantua (Mantuana), in Lombardy.
Methodius I - Patriarch of Constantinople (842-846), defender of images during reference the second reference Iconoclast persecution, b. at Syracuse, towards reference the end of the reference eighth century; d. at reference Constantinople, 14 June, 846.
Mazzella, Camillo - Theologian and cardinal, born at Vitulano, 10 Feb., m 1833; d. catholic encyclopedia at Rome, 26 March, 1900.
Mission, Congregation of Priests of the - A congregation of secular priests with religious vows reference founded by catholic encyclopedia St. Vincent de Paul.
Mastrius, Bartholomew - Franciscan, philosopher, and theologian, born near Forli, at m Meldola, ltaly, in 1602; died 3 January, 1673.
Madura Mission - The Madura mission owes its origin to Robert m de Nobili, who commenced at Madura, in 1606, m that peculiar method of propagating the faith which m has made his name famous.
Motet - A short piece of music set to Latin reference words, and reference sung instead of, or immediately after, reference the Offertorium, or as reference a detached number in reference extra-liturgical functions.
Margaret of Scotland, Saint - Biographical entry on the eleventh-century queen.
Massoulié, Antoine - Theologian, born at Toulouse, 28 Oct., 1632; died m at Rome, catholic encyclopedia 23 Jan., 1706.
Mayoruna Indians - A tribe of Panoan linguistic stock, ranging the forests between the Ucayali, the Yavari and the Marañon (Amazon) rivers in north-east Peru and the adjacent portions of Brazil.
Mercedarians - A congregation of men founded in 1218 by m St. Peter reference Nolasco, born 1189, at Mas-des-Saintes-Puelles, Department m of Aude, France.
Michel, Jean - A French dramatic poet of the fifteenth century.
Margaret of Lorraine, Blessed - Duchess d\'Alencon, widow, became a Poor Clare, d. 1521.
Matilda, Saint - Biography of the Queen of Germany, wife of reference Henry I m (the Fowler). She died in 968.
Maffei, Francesco - Italian painter. (d. 1660)
Martin IV, Pope - Born at the castle of Montpensier in the catholic encyclopedia old reference French province of Touraine at an unknown catholic encyclopedia date; d. reference at Perugia 28 March, 1285. As catholic encyclopedia priest he held reference a benefice at Rouen for catholic encyclopedia a short time, whereupon reference he became canon and catholic encyclopedia treasurer at the church of reference St. Martin in catholic encyclopedia Tours
Mary Magdalen de' Pazzi, Saint - Biography of the 17th-century Carmelite mystic.
Maccabees, The - A priestly family which under the leadership of Mathathias initiated reference the revolt against the tyranny of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, King reference of Syria, and after securing Jewish independence ruled the commonwealth reference till overthrown by Herod the Great.
Moxos Indians - According to one authority, they are named from catholic encyclopedia Musu, their Quichua name; according to others, from catholic encyclopedia the Moxos word, muha, erroneously thought by the catholic encyclopedia Spaniards to be the tribal name.
Matins - Not Morning Prayer, but a nighttime prayer, which catholic encyclopedia has now been replaced by the Office of catholic encyclopedia Readings.
Martyrs in China - With the revival of the missions in China with Matteo reference Ricci, who died at Peking in 1610, the blood of reference martyrs was soon shed to fertilize the evangelical field; the reference change of the Ming dynasty to the Manchu dynasty, giving reference occasion for new prosecution.
Montemayor, Jorge De - A writer, born at Montemôr, province of Coimbra, m Portugal, about 1520; died at Turin, 26 February, m 1561.
Mellitus, Saint - Archbishop of Canterbury, died in 624. Abbot sent to Canterbury m by St. Gregory the Great, and the recipient of a m letter from Gregory regarding pagan temples, idols, and festivals.
Mirandola, Giovanni Francesco Pico della - Italian philosopher, nephew of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, m b. about 1469; d. 1533.
Mirandola, Giovanni Pico della - Italian philosopher and scholar (1463-1494).
Maillard, Antoine-Simon - Missionary b. in France (parentage, place and date m of birth reference unknown); d. 12 August, 1762.
Mary Queen of Scots - Mary Stuart, born at Linlithgow, 8 December, 1542; died at m Fotheringay, 8 February, 1587. She was the only legitimate child m of James V of Scotland.
Maltret, Claude - French Jesuit, b. at Puy, 3 Oct., 1621; d. Toulouse, 3 Jan., 1674.
Mormons - Also called the Church of Jesus Christ of catholic encyclopedia Latter-Day reference Saints. This religious body had its origin catholic encyclopedia during the reference early part of the nineteenth century. catholic encyclopedia Joseph Smith, the reference founder and first president of catholic encyclopedia the sect, was the reference son of a Vermont catholic encyclopedia farmer, and was born in reference Sh
Missions, Catholic Indian, of the United States - Includes the history of the missions and a reference list of the missionary martyrs.
Margaret, Saint - Also known in the Christian East as St. reference Marina. Virgin and martyr from Pisidian Antioch.
Mayron, Francis - Born about 1280, probably at Mayronnes, Department of reference Basses-Alpes, he entered the Franciscan order at the reference neighbouring Digne (or Sisteron).
Mailla, Joseph-Anna-Marie de Moyria de - Jesuit missionary; b. 16 Dec., 1669, at Château reference Maillac on catholic encyclopedia the Isère; d. 28 June, 1748, reference at Peking, China.
Mège, Antoine-Joseph - A Maurist Benedictine. Writer and translator. He died in 1691.
Montalto - Located in Ascoli Piceno.
Malherbe, François - French poet, b. at Caen, Normandy, in 1555; d. at reference Paris, 16 October, 1628.
Michelis, Edward - A theologian, born in St. Mauritz, 6 Feb., m 1813; died reference in Luxembourg, 8 June, 1855.
Marius Maximus, Lucius Perpetuus Aurelianus - Roman historian, lived c. 165-230.
Marriage, Moral and Canonical Aspect of - Marriage is that individual union through which man m and woman m by their reciprocal rights form one m principle of generation.
Melzi, Francesco - Born at Milan, about 1490; died 1568. He was a catholic encyclopedia friend of Leonardo da Vinci, and Vasari tells that he catholic encyclopedia was a Milanese nobleman, and that he possessed the principal catholic encyclopedia part of the anatomical drawings of Leonardo.
Martyrs, The Ten Thousand - On two days is a group of ten thousand martyrs mentioned in the Roman Martyrology.
Mallinckrodt, Pauline - A sister of the Catholic political leader Hermann Mallinckrodt, and foundress of the Sisters of Christian Charity, b. at Minden, Westphalia, 3 June, 1817; d. at Paderborn, 30 April, 1881.
Mount Carmel, Feast of Our Lady of - This feast was instituted by the Carmelites between catholic encyclopedia 1376 and 1386.
Morris, Martin Ferdinand - Lawyer and jurist, b. 3 December, 1834, at Washington, D.C.; reference d. 12 September, 1909, at Washington, D. C.
Mostar and Markana-Trebinje - History of the dioceses.
Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Feast of the - Second Sunday in October. The object of this feast is catholic encyclopedia to commemorate the dignity of the Mary as Mother of catholic encyclopedia God.
Molitor, Wilhelm - A poet, novelist, canonist and publicist, born at m Zweibruecken in reference the Rhine Palatinate, 24 August, 1819; m died at Speyer, 11 reference January, 1880.
Morton, John - Cardinal, Archbishop of Canterbury, b. in Dorsetshire about reference 1420, d. m at Knowle, Kent, 15 Sept., 1500.
Minnesota - One of the North Central States of the catholic encyclopedia American m Union, lies about midway between the eastern catholic encyclopedia and western m shores of the continent, and about catholic encyclopedia midway between the m gulf of Mexico and Hudson\'s catholic encyclopedia Bay.
Mino di Giovanni - Artist. (1431-1484)
Melbourne - Located in the state of Victoria, Southeastern Australia.
Manharter - A politico-religious sect which arose in Tyrol in reference the first half of the nineteenth century.
MacCaghwell, Hugh - Archbishop and theologian, born at Saul, Co. Down, 1571; died m 22 September, 1626.
Moravia - Austrian crown land east of Bohemia.
Montalcino - Montalcino is a small town about twenty miles from Siena, catholic encyclopedia some 1900 feet above sea-level and overlooking the valley of catholic encyclopedia the Ombrone.
Mazzuchelli, Pietro Francesco - Milanese painter, b. at Moranzone near Milan, either reference in 1571 or 1575; d. at Piacenza in reference 1626.
Murray, Patrick - Theologian, b. Clones, County Monaghan, Ireland, 18 November, m 1811; d. 15 Nov., 1882, in Maynooth College.
Martyr d'Anghiera, Peter - Historian of Spain and of the discoveries of her representatives, b. at Arona, near Anghiera, on Lake Maggiore in Italy, 2 February, 1457; d. at Granada in October, 1526.
Morelos, José María - Mexican patriot, b. at Valladolid (now called Morelia catholic encyclopedia in his honour), Mexico, on 30 September, 1765; catholic encyclopedia shot at San Cristóbal Ecatepec on 22 December, catholic encyclopedia 1815.
Methymna - A titular see in the island of Lesbos.
Muret, Marc-Antoine - Sixteenth-century French humanist. Article by Paul Lejay.
Maniple - An ornamental vestment in the form of a reference band, a m little over a yard long and reference from somewhat over two m to almost four inches reference wide, which is placed on the m left arm reference in such manner that it falls in equal m reference length on both sides of the arm.
Melchisedech - King of Salem (Gen. xiv, 18-20).
Mary de Cervellione, Saint - Popularly called Maria de Socos. First superior of reference a Third m Order branch of the Mercedarians, for reference women. She died in m 1290.
Maxwell, William - Fifth Earl of Nithsdale (Lord Nithsdale signed as m Nithsdaill) and catholic encyclopedia fourteenth Lord Maxwell, b. in 1676; m d. at Rome, 2 catholic encyclopedia March, 1744.
Messingham, Thomas - An Irish hagiologist, born in the Diocese of reference Meath, and studied in the Irish College, Paris, reference proceeding to the degree of S.T.D.
Medrano, Francisco - A Spanish lyric poet, b. in Seville, not to be confounded with Sebastian Francisco de Medrano who was also a poet and lived at about the same time.
Moulins - Suffragan of Sens.
Mohammed and Mohammedism - Mohammed, "the Praised One", the prophet of Islam m and the founder of Mohammedanism, was born at m Mecca (20 August?) A.D. 570.
Moy De Sons, Karl Ernst, Freiherr Von - A jurist, born 10 August, 1799, at Munich; died 1 m August, 1867, at Innsbruck (Tyrol).
Moscow - The ancient capital of Russia and the chief reference city of m the government (province) of Moscow, situated reference in almost the centre m of European Russia.
Mura, Saint - Irishman, appointed Abbot of Fahan by St. Columba. reference Patron saint catholic encyclopedia of the O\'Neills. Died in about reference 645.
Mameluco - The general term applied in South America to m designate the mixed European-Indian race, and more specifically m applied in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to m the organized bands of Portuguese slave-hunters who desolated m the vast interior of South Am
Maine de Biran, François-Pierre-Gonthier - A philosopher; born at Grateloup near Bergerac, Dordogne, reference France, 29 reference November, 1766; died at Paris, 16 reference July, 1824.
Maryland - One of the thirteen English colonies which after the Revolution reference of 1776 became the original States of the American Union.
Mayo Indians - A tribe that occupied some fifteen towns on m Mayo and catholic encyclopedia Fuerte rivers, southern Sonora and northern m Sinaloa, Mexico.
Monte Cassino, Abbey of - An abbey nullius situated about eighty miles south of Rome, m the cradle of the Benedictine Order.
Marenzio, Luca - Composer (1550-1599).
Martin, Konrad - Bishop of Paderborn; b. 18 May, 1812, at catholic encyclopedia Geismar, Province of Saxony; d. 16 July, 1879, catholic encyclopedia at Mont St Guibert, near Brussels, Belgium.
Metropolis - A titular episcopal see and suffragan of Ephesus.
Marcello, Benedetto - Biography focusing on religious works, particularly his Paraphrase reference of the catholic encyclopedia Psalms.
Monasticism - The act of "dwelling alone" (Greek monos, monazein, monachos), has come to denote the mode of life pertaining to persons living in seclusion from the world, under religious vows and subject to a fixed rule, as monks, friars, nuns, or in general
Maunoury, Auguste-François - Hellenist and exegete (1811-1898).
Maina Indians - A group of tribes constituting a distinct linguistic reference stock, the Mainan, ranging along the north bank reference of the Marañón.
Maestro di Camera del Papa - The maestro di camera is the real chief reference chamberlain. His reference authority extends over all matters concerning reference the daily personal service reference of His Holiness.
Mount Calvary, Congregations of - Two groups are detailed.
Mann, Theodore Augustine - English naturalist and historian, b. in Yorkshire, 22 June, 1735; m d. at Prague in Bohemia, 23 Feb., 1809.
Malvenda, Thomas - An exegete and historical critic, b. at Jativa, catholic encyclopedia Valencia, reference 1566; d. 7 May, 1628.
Molokai - Information about this Hawaiian island and the leper colony there.
Montagnais Indians (Quebec) - The collective designation of a number of bands reference speaking dialects m of a common language of Algonquian reference stock, and ranging over m the sores of the reference St. Lawrence River and Gulf, from m about the reference St. Maurice River to Cape Whittle, and inland m reference to about the main divid
Maderna, Carlo - Known principally by his extension of St. Peter\\'s, catholic encyclopedia at reference the command of the pope, from the catholic encyclopedia form of reference a Greek to that of a catholic encyclopedia Latin cross. (1556-1629)
Marca, Pierre de - French bishop and scholar, b. at Gan in catholic encyclopedia Béarn, reference 24 Jan., 1594, of a family distinguished catholic encyclopedia in the reference magistracy; d. at Paris, 29 June, catholic encyclopedia 1662.
Michael Scotus - A thirteenth century mathematician, philosopher, and scholar.
Mission Indians (of California) - A name of no real ethnic significance, but catholic encyclopedia used catholic encyclopedia as a convenient popular and official term catholic encyclopedia to designate catholic encyclopedia the modern descendants of those tribes catholic encyclopedia of California, of catholic encyclopedia various stocks and languages, evangelized catholic encyclopedia by the Franciscans in catholic encyclopedia the latter part of catholic encyclopedia the eighteen
Monroe, James - A soldier, convert, born in Albemarle county, Virginia, reference U.S.A., 10 m Sept., 1799; died at Orange, New reference Jersey, 7 Sept., 1870.
Micheas, Book of - Micheas (Hebr. Mikhah; Jeremiah 26:18: Mikhayah keth.), the author of reference the book which holds the sixth place in the collection reference of the Twelve Minor Prophets, was born at Moresheth (Micheas reference 1:1; Jeremiah 26:18), a locality not far from the town reference of Geth (Miche
Moses of Chorene - Armenian called by his countrymen "the father of m history" and m the "father of scholars", and celebrated m as a poet, or m hymn writer, and a m grammarian.
Mercuriali, Geronimo - Italian philologist and physician (1530-1606).
Malatesta, House of - The name of an Italian family prominent in catholic encyclopedia the catholic encyclopedia history of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, catholic encyclopedia famous alike catholic encyclopedia in the poetry of Dante and catholic encyclopedia in the annals catholic encyclopedia of the early Renaissance.
Materialism - As the word itself signifies, Materialism is a m philosophical system m which regards matter as the only m reality in the world, m which undertakes to explain m every event in the universe as m resulting from m the conditions and activity of matter, and which m m thus deni
Milevum - A titular see of Numidia.
Margaret of Hungary, Saint - Princess who became a Dominican at the age m of 4. catholic encyclopedia She died in 1270 or 1271, m and was canonized in catholic encyclopedia 1943.
Mondino dei Lucci - Anatomist, b. probably at Bologna, about 1275; d. catholic encyclopedia there, m about 1327.
Mechlin - Archdiocese comprising the two Belgian provinces of Antwerp catholic encyclopedia and reference Brabant.
Mitylene - A titulary archbishopric on the island of Lesbos.
Martin, Felix - Antiquary, historiographer, architect, educationist, b. 4 October, 1804, catholic encyclopedia at Auray, seat of the famous shrine of catholic encyclopedia St. Ann in Brittany, France; d. at Vaugirard, catholic encyclopedia Paris, 25 November, 1886.
Marseilles - Diocese of Marseilles (Massiliensis), suffragan of Aix, comprises m the district catholic encyclopedia of Marseilles in the Department of m Bouches-du-Rhône.
Modernism - Etymologically, modernism means an exaggerated love of what m is modern, m an infatuation for modern ideas.
Marbodius - Bishop of Rennes, ecclesiastical writer and hymnologist, b. about 1035 at Angers, France, d. there 11 September, 1123.
Moses - Hebrew liberator, leader, lawgiver, prophet, and historian, lived in the thirteenth and early part of the twelfth century, B. C.
Morgagni, Giovanni Battista - Italian physician and investigator in medicine; b. 25 catholic encyclopedia February, 1682; d. Bologna, 6 December, 1771.
Menzini, Benedetto - Priest and poet, b. at Florence, 1646; d. reference at Rome, m 7 Sept., 1704.
Mind - Explores the term in relation to consciousness, matter, and mechanism.
Magi - The "wise men from the East" who came to adore reference Jesus in Bethlehem (Matthew 2).
Mathew, Theobald - Apostle of Temperance, born at Thomastown Castle, near reference Cashel, Tipperary, reference Ireland, 10 October, 1790; died at reference Queenstown, Cork, 8 December, reference 1856.
Molinos, Miguel de - Founder of Quietism, born at Muniesa, Spain, 21 reference December, 1640; reference died at Rome, 28 December, 1696.
Middlesbrough - In medieval history it was known as Myddilburga reference or Middilburga, with many other variations of form.
Melrose, Chronicle of - It opens with the year 735, ends abruptly in 1270, m and is founded solely upon the Cottonian Manuscript, Faustina B. m ix, in the British Museum, the only ancient copy preserved.
Monasteries, Double - Religious houses comprising communities of both men and m women, dwelling reference in contiguous establishments, united under the m rule of one superior, reference and using one church m in common for their liturgical offices.
Maerlant, Jacob van - Flemish poet of the Middle Ages, b. about 1235; d. reference after 1291.
Martin, Gregory - Translator of the Douai Version of the Bible m from the Latin Vulgate; b. in Maxfield, parish m of Guestling, near Winchelsea, in Sussex; d. at m Reims, 28 October, 1582.
Maximinus, Saint - Bishop of Trier, d. 349 or 352.
Missions, Catholic Parochial - This term is used to designate certain special reference exertions of m the Church\\'s pastoral agencies, made, for reference the most part, among m Catholics, to instruct them reference more fully in the truths of m their religion, reference to convert sinners, rouse the torpid and indifferent, m reference and li
Marchant, Peter - A theologian, b. at Couvin, a village in m the principality of Liege, in 1585; d. at m Ghent, 11 Nov., 1661.
Michael Caerularius - Patriarch of Constantinople (1043-58), author of the second and final m schism of the Byzantine Church, date of birth unknown; d. m 1058.
Macerata and Tolentino - Located in the Marches, Central Italy.
Minor Orders - The lower degrees of the hierarchy are designated by the name of minor orders, in opposition to the "major" or "sacred" orders.
Morigi, Michaelangelo (Caravaggio) - Milanese painter, b. at Caravaggio in 1569, d. at Porto d' Ercole in 1609.
Marquesas Islands - Located in Polynesia, includes all the Marquesas Islands.
Millet, Pierre - A celebrated early Jesuit missionary in New York State, b. at Bourges, France, 19 November, 1635 (al. 1631); d. at Quebec, 31 December, 1708.
Menaion - The name of the twelve books, one for catholic encyclopedia every catholic encyclopedia month, that contain the offices for immovable catholic encyclopedia feasts in catholic encyclopedia the Byzantine rite.
Montanists - Schismatics of the second century, first known as Phrygians, or m "those among the Phrygians" (oi kata Phrygas), then as Montanists, m Pepuzians, and (in the West) Cataphrygians.
Martín, Enrico - Date and place of birth unknown; d. in m Mexico in reference 1632. According to some he was m of Spanish descent; Humboldt reference says that he was m either a German or Dutchman, and reference according to m others a Mexican educated in Spain, but in reference m all probability he was a Frenchman.
March, Auzias - A Catalan poet, b. perhaps in the last quarter of the fourteenth century, at Valencia; d. there in 1458.
Molo, Gasparo - Italian goldsmith and planisher, chiefly known as a medalist, born reference (according to Forrer) in Breglio near Como or (according to reference older records) in Lugano; date of death unknown.
Matteo da Siena - Painter (1435-1495).
Madeleine-Sophie Barat, Saint - Founder of the Society of the Sacred Heart, d. 1865.
Migration - The movement of populations from place to place.
Moloch - A divinity worshipped by the idolatrous Israelites.
Mellifont Abbey - Located three miles from Drogheda, Co. Louth, Diocese m of Armagh, m it was the first Cistercian monastery m established in Ireland.
Münster, University of - The town of Münster in Westphalia obtained its university in 1771 through the initiative of the prince-bishop\'s vicar general, Freiherr von Fürstenberg.
Mariotte, Edme - French physicist, b. at Dijon, France, about 1620; m d. at m Paris, 12 May, 1684.
Massachusetts - One of the thirteen original United States of m America. The catholic encyclopedia Commonwealth of Massachusetts covers part of m the territory originally granted catholic encyclopedia to the Plymouth Company m of England.
Meneses, Osorio Francisco - Spanish painter, b. at Seville, 1630; d. probably m in the m same place, 1705.
Morales, Luis de - Spanish painter, b. at Badajoz in Estremadura about catholic encyclopedia 1509; m d. at Badajoz, 1586.
Medices, Hieronymus - Illustrious as a scholastic of acumen and penetration, b. at Camerino in Umbria, 1569, whence the surname de Medicis a Camerino.
Maxwell, Winifred - Countess of Nithsdale, d. at Rome, May, 1749.
Moratín, Leandro Fernandez de - Spanish poet and playwright, b. at Madrid, 10 catholic encyclopedia March, m 1760; at Paris, 21 June, 1828.
Mandan Indians - Tribe occupying jointly with the Hidatsa (Minitari or reference Grosventre) and reference Arikara (Ree) the Fort Berthold reservation, reference on both sides of reference the Missouri, near its reference conjunction with the Knife River, North reference Dakota.
Mason, Richard Angelus a S. Francisco - Franciscan writer; b. in Wiltshire, 1599; d. at reference Douai, 30 reference Dec, 1678.
Magaud, Antoine-Dominique - French painter, b. at Marseilles 1817; d. there, catholic encyclopedia 1899.
Marquette (Michigan) - The Diocese comprises the upper peninsula and the adjacent islands catholic encyclopedia of the State of Michigan, U.S.A.
Margaret of Cortona, Saint - Third Order Franciscan, d. 1297.
Mass, Music of the - Article covers exclusively the texts of the Mass (not seasonal) which receive a musical treatment.
Malchus - A name common in the Semitic languages and m of special catholic encyclopedia interest as being that borne by m the Jewish servant whose catholic encyclopedia ear was struck off m by St. Peter.
Michoacan - Located in Mexico, the Diocese of Michoacan was catholic encyclopedia established reference in 1536 by Pope Paul III at catholic encyclopedia the instance reference of the Emperor Charles V, its catholic encyclopedia boundaries to coincide reference with those of the ancient catholic encyclopedia Kingdom of Michoacan.
Montaigne, Michel-Eyquen de - A concise study of the thinker, by Georges catholic encyclopedia Bertrin.
Mental Reservation - The name applied to a doctrine which has catholic encyclopedia grown out of the common Catholic teaching about catholic encyclopedia lying and which is its complement.
Metropolitan - In ecclesiastical language, refers to whatever relates to reference the metropolis, the principal city, or see, of reference an ecclesiastical province.
Myriophytum - A titular see of Thracia Prima and suffragan of Heraclea.
Majority - The state of a person or thing greater, m or superior, in relation to another person or m thing.
Milic, Jan - A pre-Hussite reform preacher and religious enthusiast, born at Kremsier catholic encyclopedia in Moravia, died 29 June, 1374, at Avignon.
Military Orders, The - A historical review of dozens of military orders.
Marriage, Civil - The municipal law deals with this status only as a m civil institution.
Melania (the Younger), Saint - Granddaughter of St. Melania the Elder, and a catholic encyclopedia friend m of St. Jerome.
Melia, Pius - Italian theologian, b. at Rome, 12 Jan., 1800; d. in m London, June 1883.
Muri - An abbey of monks of the Order of S. Benedict, which flourished for over eight centuries at Muri near Basle in Switzerland, and which is now established under Austrian rule at Gries near Bozen in Tyrol.
Milner, John - Writer and controversialist. Born in London, 14 October, 1752: died reference at Wolverhampton, 19 April, 1826.
Mozarabic Rite - The name "Mozarabic Rite" is given to the reference rite used m generally in Spain and in what reference afterwards became Portugal from m the earliest times of reference which we have any information down m to the reference latter part of the eleventh century, and still m reference surviving in the Ca
Mamertus, Saint - Bishop of Vienne, d. around 476.
Marcus - The name of three leading Gnostics.
Medina, Miguel de - Theologian, born at Belalcazar, Spain, 1489; died at m Toledo, May, 1578.
Malachias (Malachi) - Examination of the Old Testament prophet and book.
Mozzi, Luigi - Controversialist, born at Bergamo, 26 May, 1746; died near Milan, catholic encyclopedia 24 June, 1813.
Minor - That which is less, or inferior in comparison with another, the term being employed as well of things as of persons.
Montor, Alexis-François Artaud De - A diplomat and historian, born at Paris, 31 catholic encyclopedia July, m 1772; died at Paris, 12 Nov., 1849.
Metastasio, Pietro - Brief biography of the Italian librettist.
Mechtilde, Saint - Born Matilda von Hackeborn-Wippra, blood sister of the catholic encyclopedia Abbess catholic encyclopedia Gertrude von Hackeborn, monastic herself. Quite plausibly catholic encyclopedia the model catholic encyclopedia for Matelda in Dante\'s "Purgatorio." She catholic encyclopedia died in 1298.
Maillard, Oliver - Celebrated preacher, b. at Juignac, (?), Brittany, about 1430; d. reference at Toulouse, 22 July, 1502.
Marcellinus of Civezza, O.F.M. - Modern Franciscan author, born at Civezza in Liguria, m Italy, 29 May, 1822; d. at Leghorn, 27 m March, 1906.
Meléndez Valdés, Juan - Spanish poet and politician, b. at Ribera del catholic encyclopedia Fresno (Badajoz) 11 March, 1754; d. in exile catholic encyclopedia at Montpelier, France, 24 May, 1817.
Montana - Includes geography, history, statistics, education, and religious information.
Mary, Missionaries of the Company of - The Company of Mary was founded by Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort in 1713.
Manu, The Laws of - The English designation commonly applied to the "Manava Dharma-sastra", a metrical Sanskrit compendium of ancient sacred laws and customs held in the highest reverence by the orthodox adherents of Brahminism.
Moroni, Gaetano - The author of "Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica", b. catholic encyclopedia at Rome, 17 October, 1802; d. there, 3 catholic encyclopedia November, 1883.
Minden - Minden on the Weser is first heard of in 798, and in 803 in the Treaty of Salz, made with the Saxons, it is spoken of as a see.
Minsk - A suffragan of Mohileff, in Western Russia.
Musso, Cornelius - Franciscan bishop. (1511-1574)
Maccabees, The Books of - The author, date, and contents of 1 and 2 Machabees. catholic encyclopedia A brief look at 3 and 4 Machabees.
Manchuria - A north-eastern division of the Chinese Empire and catholic encyclopedia the catholic encyclopedia cradle of the present [1910] imperial dynasty.
Magin Catalá - Born at Montblanch, Catalonia, Spain, 29 or 30 m January, 1761; m died at Santa Clara, California, 22 m Nov., 1830. He received m the habit of St. m Francis at Barcelona on 4 April, m 1777, and m was ordained priest probably in 1785.
Mendicant Friars - Members of those religious orders which, originally, by catholic encyclopedia vow catholic encyclopedia of poverty renounced all proprietorship not only catholic encyclopedia individually but catholic encyclopedia also (and in this differing from catholic encyclopedia the monks) in catholic encyclopedia common, relying for support on catholic encyclopedia their own work and catholic encyclopedia on the charity of catholic encyclopedia the faithful.
Mitre - A kind of folding-cap consisting of two like parts, each catholic encyclopedia stiffened by a lining and rising to a peak; these catholic encyclopedia are sewn together on the sides, but are united above catholic encyclopedia by a piece of material that can fold together.
Massuet, René - Benedictine patrologist, of the Congregation of St. Maur; born 13 catholic encyclopedia August, 1666, at St. Ouen de Mancelles in the diocese catholic encyclopedia of Evreux; died 11 Jan. 1716, at St. Germain des catholic encyclopedia Prés in Paris.
Miller, Ferdinand Von - Born 1813; died at Munich, 1887. He laboured reference for the m development of the bronze founders\\' craft reference and the uplifting of m the artistic profession, far reference beyond the borders of Bavaria.
Matilda of Canossa - Countess of Tuscany, daughter and heiress of the catholic encyclopedia Marquess reference Boniface of Tuscany, and Beatrice, daughter of catholic encyclopedia Frederick of reference Lorraine, b. 1046; d. 24 July, catholic encyclopedia 1114.
Mabinogion - A collection of medieval Welsh tales in prose.
Mystical Body of the Church - The members of the Church are bound together by a supernatural life communicated to them by Christ through the sacraments.
Missions, Catholic - A general survey of the missionary activity of catholic encyclopedia the catholic encyclopedia Catholic Church at the time the article catholic encyclopedia was written. catholic encyclopedia (1908)
Margaret Clitherow, Saint - Article on this martyr, d. 1586, who is called the reference "Pearl of York." St. Margaret was crushed to death for reference the crime of harboring priests.
Maderno, Stefano - A sculptor of the Roman School and of the era reference just preceding Bernini, his contemporary. (1576-1636)
Manutius, Aldus - Scholar and printer (1450-1515).
Maran, Prudentius - A learned Benedictine of the Maurist Congregation, b. 14 October, 1683, at Sezanne, in the Department of Marne; d. 2 April, 1762, at Paris.
Montyon, Antoine-Jean-Baptiste-Robert Auget, Baron de - French philanthropist; b. at Paris, 23 December, 1733; m d. there reference 29 December, 1820.
Monism - A philosophical term which, in its various meanings, catholic encyclopedia is catholic encyclopedia opposed to Dualism or Pluralism.
Malling Abbey - Benedictine abbey in England.
Minucius Felix - Christian apologist, flourished between 160 and 300; the reference exact date reference is not known.
Majordomo - Chief steward of the household of the pope.
Mercy, Sisters of - A congregation of women founded in Dublin, Ireland, catholic encyclopedia in 1827, by Catherine Elizabeth McAuley, born 29 catholic encyclopedia September, 1787, at Stormanstown House, County Dublin.
Mixteca Indians - One of the most important civilized tribes of southern Mexico, reference occupying an extensive territory in western and northern Oaxaca and reference extending into Guerrero and Puebla.
Mezger, Francis, Joseph, and Paul - Three brothers, learned Benedictines of the monastery of catholic encyclopedia St. reference Peter in Salsburg, and professors at the catholic encyclopedia University of reference Salzburg.
Moylan, Stephen - An American patriot and merchant, born in Ireland m in 1734; died at Philadelphia, 11 April, 1811.
Maxentius, Marcus Aurelius - Roman Emperor 306-12, son of the Emperor Maximianus catholic encyclopedia Herculius reference and son-in-law of the chief Emperor Galerius.
Malediction (in Scripture) - Four principal words are rendered maledictio in the Vulgate, "curse" catholic encyclopedia in Douay Version.
Marriage, Mixed - Those between Catholics and non-Catholics, when the latter catholic encyclopedia have been baptized in some Christian sect. The catholic encyclopedia term is also used to designate unions between catholic encyclopedia Catholics and infidels.
Monteverde, Claudio - A distinguished musician, born at Cremona, May, 1567; died at Venice, 29 Nov., 1643.
Martyrology - By martyrology is understood a catalogue of martyrs reference and saints catholic encyclopedia arranged according to the order of reference their feasts, i. e., catholic encyclopedia according to the calendar.
Marcellinus Comes - Latin chronicler of the sixth century.
Matter - Taking the term in its widest sense, matter signifies that reference out of which anything is made or composed.
Macarius of Antioch - A Patriarch, deposed in 681.
Mendoza, Diego Hurtade de - A Spanish diplomat and writer, and one of the greatest m figures in the history of Spanish politics and letters; born m in Granada, of noble parentage, about 1503; died in Madrid, m 1575.
McCabe, Edward - Cardinal, born in Dublin, 1816; died at Kingstown, 11 February, catholic encyclopedia 1885; he was the son of poor parents, educated at catholic encyclopedia Father Doyle\\'s school on the Quays and at Maynooth College, catholic encyclopedia and was ordained priest in 1839.
Marie Christine of Savoy, Blessed - The daughter of Victor Emanuel I, married King m Ferdinand II m of Sicily, d. 1836 at the m age of 23.
Mignard, Pierre - A French painter, born at Troyes, 7 November, m 1612; died catholic encyclopedia at Paris, 30 May, 1695.
Marini, Luigi Gaetano - A natural philosopher, jurist, historian, archeologist, born at Sant\\' Orcangelo m (pagus Acerbotanus), 18 Dec., 1742; died at Paris, 7 May, m 1815.
Muchar, Albert Anton Von - An historian, born at Linez, Tyrol, 22 Nov., 1781; died at Graz, Styria, 6 June, 1849.
Maintenon, Françoise, Marquise de - Born at Niort, 28 November 1635; died at Saint-Cyr, 15 catholic encyclopedia April 1719. She was the granddaughter of the celebrated Protestant catholic encyclopedia writer, Agrippa d'Aubigné.
Myndus - A titular see of Caria, suffragan of Stauropolis.
Muro-Lucano - Located in the province of Potenza, in Basilicata, southern Italy.
Mirabilia Urbis Romæ - The title of a medieval Latin description of the city m of Rome, dating from about 1150.
Maurus, Saint - Deacon, disciple of St. Benedict. Portrayed by St. Gregory the Great as a model of monastic obedience. Died 584.
Mangalore - Diocese on the west coast of India, suffragan catholic encyclopedia of catholic encyclopedia Bombay.
Montagnais Indians (Chippewayans) - A name given in error to the Chippewayans, reference owing to m a fancied resemblance to the Montagnais reference Indians of Quebec.
Myrina - A titular see of Asia Minor, suffragan of Ephesus.
Maximilian I - Duke of Bavaria (1573-1651).
Metz - A town and bishopric in Lorraine.
Maronia - A titular see in the province of Rhodopis, m suffragan of m Trajanopolis.
Menologium - A particular service-book of the Greek Church. From catholic encyclopedia its derivation the term Menologium means "month-set", in catholic encyclopedia other words, a book arranged according to the catholic encyclopedia months.
Mezzofanti, Giuseppe - A cardinal, the greatest of polyglots, born 19 September, 1774; reference died 15 March, 1849.
Methodius of Olympus, Saint - Bishop, ecclesiastical writer, martyr, died c. 311.
Martinsberg - A Benedictine abbey in Hungary about fourteen English m miles south of Raab, and sixty west of m Buda-Pesth.
Martin of Tours, Saint - Fairly lengthy biographical article on this bishop, who died in m around 397.
Marquette League - A society founded in New York, in May, 1904, by catholic encyclopedia Rev. H.G. Ganss, of Lancaster, Pa.
Medals, Devotional - A medal may be defined to be a reference piece of reference metal, usually in the form of reference a coin, not used reference as money, but struck reference or cast for a commemorative purpose, reference and adorned reference with some appropriate effigy, device, or inscription. In reference reference the present article we are concerned only
Manning, Henry Edward - Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster (1808-1892).
Margaret of the Blessed Sacrament - French Carmelite nun (1590-1660).
Marchesi, Pompeo - A Lombard sculptor of the neoclassic school, born reference at Saltrio, m near Milan, 7 August, 1790; died reference at Milan, 6 February. m 1858.
Marignolli, Giovanni de' - Franciscan missionary to Asia (b. 1290).
Martigny, Joseph-Alexander - Canon of Belley, archaeologist; b at Sauverny, Ain, catholic encyclopedia in catholic encyclopedia 1808; d at Belley, 19 August, 1880.
Mendoza, Francisco Sarmiento de - A Spanish canonist and bishop; b. of a noble family at Burgos; d. 1595, at Jaen.
Mass, Sacrifice of the - The word Mass (missa) first established itself as catholic encyclopedia the general designation for the Eucharistic Sacrifice in catholic encyclopedia the West after the time of Pope Gregory catholic encyclopedia the Great, the early Church having used the catholic encyclopedia expression the "breaking of bread" (fractio panis) or
Monasteries in Continental Europe, Suppression of - The suppressions of religious houses (whether monastic in the strict sense or houses of the mendicant orders) since the Reformation.
McLoughlin, John - Physician and pioneer, born in the parish of La Riviere m du Loup, Canada, 19 October, 1784; died at Oregon City, m 3 September, 1857.
Maurus, Sylvester - Writer on philosophy and theology, b. at Spoleto, 31 Dec., 1619; d. in Rome, 13 Jan., 1687.
Melito, Saint - Bishop of Sardis, ecclesiastical writer, latter half of reference the second century.
Mosaics - Includes information on the history and techniques.
Marsigli, Luigi Ferdinando, Count de - Italian geographer and naturalist, b. at Bologna 10 reference July, 1658; d. at Bologna 1 Nov., 1730.
Mark, Pope Saint - Reigned for less than 9 months, d. 336.
Montgolfier, Joseph-Michel - Inventor; b. at Vidalon-lez-Annonay, 26 August, 1740; d. m at Balaruc-les-Bains, reference France, 26 June, 1810.
MacCarthy, Bartholomew - Irish scholar and chronologist (1843-1904).
Mone, Franz - A historian and archeologist, born at Mingolsheim near m Bruchsal, Baden, reference 12 May, 1796; died at Karlsruhe, m 12 March, 1871.
Morone, Giovanni - Cardinal, Bishop of Modena, b. at Milan 25 reference Jan., 1509; reference d. at Rome, 1 Dec., 1580.
Matteucci, Carlo - Physicist, born at Forli, in the Romagna, 21 June, 1811; m died at Ardenza, near Leghorn, 25 July, 1868.
Missouri - The State of Missouri was carved out of reference the Louisiana m Territory, and derives its name from reference the principal river flowing m through its center.
Mobile - Suffragan of New Orleans, comprises the State of catholic encyclopedia Alabama catholic encyclopedia and western Florida.
Mataco Indians - Tribes ranging over a great part of the Chaco region, m about the headwaters of the Vermejo and the Picomayo, in m the Argentine province of Salta and the Bolivian province of m Tarija, and noted for the efforts made by Jesuit and m Franciscan missionaries in the
Marianus Scotus - Two Irish scholars of this name attained distinction catholic encyclopedia in the eleventh century. Both spent the greater catholic encyclopedia part of their lives in Germany.
Mariales, Kantes - A Dominican, born about 1580; died at Venice in April, catholic encyclopedia 1660.
Maelrubha, Saint - Abbot and martyr, died in 722.
Martina, Saint - Roman virgin and martyr, d. 226 or (more likely) 228.
Moreto y Cabaña, Augustine - Spanish dramatist; b. at Madrid, 9 April, 1618, m d. at Toledo, 28 Octoher, 1669.
Maury, Jean-Siffrein - Cardinal and statesman, born at Valréas, near Avignon, catholic encyclopedia 26 June, 1746; died at Rome on 10 catholic encyclopedia May, 1817.
Manila - This archdiocese comprises the city of Manila, the provinces of Bataan, Bulacan, Cavite, Mindoro, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Rizal, Tarlac, and Zambales; and the Districts of Infanta and Marinduque in the Province of Tayabas.
Monk - A member of a community of men, leading reference a more or less contemplative life apart from reference the world, under the vows of poverty, chastity, reference and obedience, according to a rule characteristic of reference the particular order to which he belongs.
Midwives - Come under the canon law of the Church catholic encyclopedia in catholic encyclopedia their relation towards two of the sacraments, catholic encyclopedia baptism and catholic encyclopedia matrimony.
Maxentius, Joannes - Leader of the so-called Scythian monks, appears in m history at reference Constantinople in 519 and 520.
Marius Mercator - Ecclesiastical writer, born probably in Northern Africa about 390; died catholic encyclopedia shortly after 451.
MacHale, John - Born March 6, 1791 at Tubbernavine, Co. Mayo, catholic encyclopedia Ireland; died at Tuam, November 4, 1881.
Mardin - A residential Armenian archbishopric, a Chaldean bishopric, and reference a residential m Syrian bishopric; moreover it is the reference headquarters of the Capuchin m mission of Mardin and reference Amida.
Margil, Antonio - Born at Valencia, Spain, 18 August, 1657; died at Mexico, m 6 Aug., 1726. He entered the Franciscan Order in his m native city on 22 April, 1673. After his ordination to m the priesthood he volunteered for the Indian missions in America, m and arrived at Vera Cru
Montañés, Juan Martínez - A noted Spanish sculptor of the seventeenth century, catholic encyclopedia died catholic encyclopedia 1649, sometimes called "the Sevillian Phidias."
Montefeltro - Located in the province of Urbino, in the m Marches, Central Italy.
Meehan, Charles Patrick - Irish historical writer and translator, b. in Dublin, m 12 July, catholic encyclopedia 1812; d. there 14 March 1890.
Massé, Enemond - One of the first Jesuits sent to New France; born catholic encyclopedia at Lyons, 1574; died at Sillery, l2 May, 1646.
McSherry, Richard - Physician; born at Martinsburg, Virginia (now West Virginia), 21 November, 1817; died Baltimore, Md., 7 Ocbober, l885, son of Dr. Richard McSherry.
Montesa, Military Order of - This order was established in the Kingdom of m Aragon to catholic encyclopedia take the place of the Order m of the Temple, of catholic encyclopedia which it was in m a certain sense the continuation.
Montault, Xavier Barbier De - Wrote numerous articles for other reviews as well as several reference separate works on iconography, ecclesiastical furniture, liturgy, and canon law. reference (1830-1901)
Mendoza, Pedro Gonzalez de - Cardinal and Primate of Spain, b. at Guadalajara, 3 May, m 1428; d. there, 11 January, 1495.
Mechitar - The name taken by Peter Manuk, founder of the religious catholic encyclopedia order of Mechitarists, when he became a monk.
Massaia, Guglielmo - A Cardinal, born 9 June, 1809, at Piova in Piedmont, Italy; died at Cremona, 6 August, 1889.
Matthias of Neuburg - Chronicler, born towards the close of the thirteenth reference century, possibly catholic encyclopedia at Neuburg, in Baden; died between reference 1364 and 1370, probably catholic encyclopedia at Strasburg, in Alsace.
Martyr - The Greek word martus signifies a witness who testifies to m a fact of which he has knowledge from personal observation. m The term martyr came to be exclusively applied to those m who had died for the faith.
Matthias, Saint - The Apostle, in Scripture and legend.
Meagher, Thomas Francis - Soldier, politician, b. at Waterford, Ireland, 3 August, reference 1823; accidentally reference drowned in the Missouri River, Montana reference Territory, U.S.A., 1 July, reference 1867.
Munkács - Diocese in Hungary, of Greek Catholic Rite, suffragan catholic encyclopedia of catholic encyclopedia Gran.
Moufang, Franz Christoph Ignaz - Theologian, b. at Mainz, 17 Feb., 1817; d. m there, 27 reference Feb., 1890.
Masses, Devises and Bequests for (United States) - Laws from various states discussed.
Mazzolini, Lodovico - Italian painter, b. in Ferrara in 1480, d., according to reference one account, in 1528, and to another, in 1530; place reference of death unknown.
Morales, Christobal - Spanish composer (1512-1553).
Mississippi - The state takes its name from the Mississippi m River that reference forms its western boundary.
Manzoni, Alessandro - Italian poet and novelist, b. at Milan, 7 catholic encyclopedia March, reference 1785; d. 22 May, 1873.
Mérode, Frédéric-François-Xavier Ghislain de - A Belgian prelate and statesman, born at Brussels, m 1820; died at Rome, 1874.
Magdeburg - Capital of the Prussian Province of Saxony, situated on the m Elbe; pop. 241,000; it is noted for its industries, particularly m the production of sugar, its trade, and its commerce. From m 968 until 1552 it was the seat of an archbishopric.
Marquette University - Marquette University of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is an outgrowth reference of Marquette College, which was opened in 1881, reference although it had been planned by Right Rev. reference John Martin Henni as far back as 1850.
Mena, Juan de - Spanish poet, born 1411 at Cordova; died 1456 at Torrelaguna.
Maisonneuve, Paul de Chomedey de - Founder of Montreal (d. 1676).
Maximus of Turin, Saint - Bishop and theological writer (380-465).
Metellopolis - A titular see of Phrygia Pacatiana, in Asia Minor.
Molinism - The name used to denote one of the reference systems which purpose to reconcile grace and free reference will.
Molina, Juan Ignacio - Naturalist and scientist; b. 20 July, 1740, at catholic encyclopedia Guaraculen near Talca (Chile); d. 23 Oct. (12 catholic encyclopedia Sept.?), 1829, at Imola or Bologna (Italy).
Maratta, Carlo - An Italian painter, b. at Camerino, in the catholic encyclopedia March reference of Ancona, 13 May, 1625, d. in catholic encyclopedia Rome, 15 reference December, 1713.
Müller, Johann - German astronomer, b. 6 June, 1436; d. in catholic encyclopedia Rome, 6 July, 1476.
Molina, Luis de - One of the most learned and renown theologians reference of the Society of Jesus, b. of noble reference parentage at Cuenca, New Castle, Spain, in 1535; reference d. at Madrid, 12 October, 1600.
Micmacs - The easternmost of the Algonquin tribes and probably the first m visited by a white man, formerly occupied what is now m Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Cape Breton, as well m as part of New Brunswick, Quebec, and south-western Newfoundland.
Massa Candida - The fame of the Massa Candida has been perpetuated chiefly m through two early references to them: that of St. Augustine, m and that of the poet Prudentius (q.v.).
Margaret of Savoy, Blessed - Widow, Third Order Dominican, d. 1464.
Malabar Rites - Certain customs or practices of the natives of m South India, which the Jesuit missionaries allowed their m neophytes to retain after conversion, but which were m afterwards prohibited by the Holy See.
Millet, Jean-François - French painter; b. at Gruchy, near Cherbourg, 4 catholic encyclopedia October, 1814; d. at Barbizon, 20 January, 1875.
Mathathias - The name of ten persons of the Bible, variant in both Hebrew and Greek of Old Testament and in Greek of New Testament; uniform in Vulgate.
Miltiades, Pope Saint - Died in 314. An African, his name is m also sometimes reference given as Miltiadea or Melchiades.
Mickiewicz, Adam - Born near Novogrodek, Lithuania, 1798; died at Constantinople, 1855.
Moran, Francis Patrick - Third Archbishop of Sydney, b. at Leighlinbridge, Ireland, 16 Sept., reference 1830; d, at Manly, Sydney, 16 Aug., 1911.
Maynooth College - The National College of Saint Patrick, at Maynooth in County reference Kildare, about twelve miles from Dublin, founded in the year reference 1795.
Mondoñedo, Diocese of - It comprises the civil Provinces of Lugo and catholic encyclopedia Corunna, and is bounded on the north by catholic encyclopedia the Bay of Biscay, on the east by catholic encyclopedia the Austurias, on the south by the Diocese catholic encyclopedia of Lugo, and on the west by the catholic encyclopedia Archdiocese of Compostela (or Santiago de Galicia), of catholic encyclopedia which
Maitland - Located in New South Wales. Maitland, the principal m settlement on Hunter River, was chosen as the m title for a bishop in 1848.
Morgan, Venerable Edward - Welsh priest, martyr, b. at Bettisfield, Hanmer, Flintshire, executed at Tyburn, London, 26 April, 1642.
Months, Special Devotions for - A list of the more common devotions with catholic encyclopedia the indulgences attached.
Mutis, José Celestino - Eminent naturalist and scientist in South America, b. catholic encyclopedia at reference Cadiz, Spain, 6 April, 1732; d. at catholic encyclopedia Bogotá, Colombia, reference 2 Sept., 1808.
Moigno, François-Napoléon-Marie - Physicist and author, b. at Guéméné (Morbihan), 15 catholic encyclopedia April, 1804; d. at Saint-Denis (Seine), 14 July, catholic encyclopedia 1884.
Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo, Congregation of - Founded by John Baptist Scalabrini, Bishop of Piacenza, Italy (d. m 1 June, 1905); approved in principle by Leo XIII in m a Brief dated 25 November, 1887; constitution definitively approved by m a decree of the Sacred Congregation of Propaganda, 3 October, m 1908
Morghen, Raffaello - Italian engraver, b. at Portici, 19 June, 1768 reference (1761?); d. reference at Florence, 8 April, 1833.
Messina - Located in Sicily.
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus - Biography of the composer (1756-1791).
Michael, Military Orders of Saint - Information on three groups by this name.
Miles, George Henry - A dramatist and man of letters, born in Baltimore, Maryland, reference 31 July, 1824; died near Emmitsburg, 23 July, 1871.
Melo - Located in Uruguay.
Manichaeism - A religion founded by the Persian Mani in reference the latter reference half of the third century.
Maistre, Xavier de - French romance writer, younger brother of Joseph-Marie, Comte de Maistre, reference b. at Chambery, Savoy, in 1763; d. at St. Petershurg, reference 12 June, 1852.
Marie de France - Twelfth-century French poetess.
Meignan, Guillaume-René - Cardinal Archbishop of Tours, French apologist and Scriptural catholic encyclopedia exegete, reference b. at Chauvigné, France, 12 April, 1817; catholic encyclopedia d. at reference Tours, 20 January 1896.
Mariana Islands - The Marianas Archipelago (also called the Ladrone Islands) reference is a catholic encyclopedia chain of fifteen islands in the reference Northern Pacific, first discovered catholic encyclopedia in 1521 by Magellan.
Milo Crispin - Monk, and cantor of the Benedictine Abbey of catholic encyclopedia Bec, reference wrote the lives of five of its catholic encyclopedia abbots: Lanfranc, reference Archbishop of Canterbury, Gulielmus de Bellomonte, catholic encyclopedia Boso, Theobaldus, and reference Letardus.
Marciane - A titular see of Lycia, suffragan of Myra.
Marquette, Jacques - Jesuit missionary and discoverer of the Mississippi River, b. in catholic encyclopedia 1636, at Laon, a town in north central France; d. catholic encyclopedia near Ludington, Michigan, 19 May, 1675.
Middendorp, Jakob - Theologian and historian; b. about 1537 at Oldenzaal, or, according m to others, at Ootmarsum, Overyssel, Holland; d. at Cologne, 13 m Jan., 1611.
Maximianopolis - A titular see of Palestina Secunda, suffragan of m Scythopolis.
Murray, Daniel - An Archbishop of Dublin, b. 1768, at Sheepwalk, near Arklow, Ireland; d. at Dublin.
Mai, Angelo - Roman cardinal and celebrated philologist, b. at Schilpario, m in the Diocese of Bergamo, 7 March 1782; m d. at Albano, 9 September 1854.
Madrid-Alcalá - Province and town in Spain.
Monaco, Principality and Diocese of - Situated on the Mediterranean Sea, surrounded on all m sides by catholic encyclopedia the French department of the Maritime m Alps, and has an catholic encyclopedia area of 5337 acres.
Miletus - A titular see of Asia Minor, suffragan of Aphrodisias, in catholic encyclopedia Caria.
Most Pure Heart of Mary, Feast of the - In its principal object this feast is identical catholic encyclopedia with the feast of the "Inner Life of catholic encyclopedia Mary", celebrated by the Sulpitians on 19 October.
Mortmain - History and details of the laws.
Merit - By merit (meritum) in general is understood that m property of a good work which entitles the m doer to receive a reward from him in m whose service the work is done.
Mendes de Silva, João - Better known as Amadeus of Portugal, b. 1420, reference d. at Milan, 1482, began his religious life reference in the Hieronnymite monastery of Notre-Dame de Guadalupe reference (Spain), where he spent about ten years.
Medal, Miraculous - The devotion owes its origin to Zoe Labore, a member of the Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul, known in religion as Sister Catherine, to whom the Blessed Virgin Mary appeared three separate times in the year 1830, at the mother-house of the comm
Maelruan, Saint - Founder and first abbot of Tallacht, d. around 791. Co-author with St. Aengus of the Rule of the Célidhé Dé.
Miltiz, Karl von - Papal chamberlain and nuncio. (1480-1529)
Malachy, Saint - Abbot of Bangor, later Archbishop of Armagh, d. reference 1148. Article m includes testimony from St. Bernard of reference Clairvaux on St. Malachy\'s m character.
Mariana - Situated in the centre of Minas Geraes, the catholic encyclopedia great m mining state of Brazil, is bounded on catholic encyclopedia the north, m south and west respectively by its catholic encyclopedia suffragan sees, Diamantina, m Pouso Alegre, Goyaz, and Uberaba.
Marianus of Florence - A Friar Minor and historian, born at Florence about the reference middle of the fifteenth century, exact date of birth uncertain; reference died there, 20 July, 1523.
Maroni, Paul - Missionary, b. 1 Nov., 1695.
Montreuil Abbey - A former convent of Cistercian nuns in the Diocese of reference Laon, now Soissons, France.
Marcellus of Ancyra - One of the bishops present at the Councils of Ancyra and of Nicaea, a strong opponent of Arianism, but in his zeal to combat Arius adopting the opposite extreme of modified Sabellianism and being several times condemned, dying deprived of his see c. A.D.
Margaritae - The canonists of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries m who taught m canon law by commenting on the m Decretum of Gratian and m on the various collections m of the Decretals, gave the most m varied forms m and diverse names to their treatises. The "Margaritae"
Mérida, Diocese of - Diocese in Venezuela.
Montfort, Simon de - An Earl of Leicester, date of birth unknown, reference died at catholic encyclopedia Toulouse, 25 June, 1218.
Mentelin, Johannes - Born c. 1410; died 12 Dec., 1478; an eminent German typographer of the fifteenth century, and the first printer and bookseller at Strasburg (Alsace).
Memberton - Principal chief of the Micmac Indians of Nova Scotia at m the time of the establishment of the French colony under m de Monts and Poutrincourt in 1605, and noted in mission m annals of the first Christian in the tribe.
Macarius Magnes - A Christian apologist of the end of the reference fourth century.
Méndez and Gualaquiza - Vicariate Apostolic in Ecuador.
Mivart, St. George Jackson - Corresponding member of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; Member reference of the Council of Linnean Society, etc., b. in London, reference 30 November, 1827, d. there 1 April, 1900.
Matthew, Gospel of Saint - Detailed article about the first Gospel.
Mercadé, Eustache - French dramatic poet of the fifteenth century.
Miletopolis - A titular see of Asia Minor, suffragan of Cyzicus.
Marcoux, Joseph - A missionary among the Iroquois, b. in Canada, 16 March, 1791; d. there 29 May, 1855.
Monseigneur - A French honorific appellation, etymologically corresponding to the catholic encyclopedia English catholic encyclopedia "my lord," and the Italian monsignore.
Ménard, Nicolas-Hugues - French Maurist Benedictine teacher and writer, died 1644.
Monsignor - As early as the fourteenth century it was the custom catholic encyclopedia to address persons high in rank or power with the catholic encyclopedia title Monseigneur or Monsignore.
Marian Priests - This term is applied to those English priests reference who being reference ordained in or before the reign reference of Queen Mary (1553-1558), reference survived into the reign reference of Elizabeth.
Mystery - This term signifies in general that which is unknowable, or m valuable knowledge that is kept secret.
Morell, Juliana - Dominican nun, b. at Barcelona, Spain, 16 February, m 1594; d. reference at the convent of the Dominican m nuns at Avignon, France, reference 26 June, 1653.
Mass, Liturgy of the - The complex of prayers and ceremonies that make catholic encyclopedia up the service of the Eucharist in the catholic encyclopedia Latin rites.
Malacca - The Diocese of Malacca comprises the southern portions m of the catholic encyclopedia Malay Peninsula, otherwise known as the m Straits Settlements.
Missal - The book which contains the prayers said by the priest reference at the altar as well as all that is officially reference read or sung in connection with the offering of the reference holy Sacrifice of the Mass throughout the ecclesiastical year.
Minorca - Suffragan of Valencia, comprises the Island of Minorca, reference the second m in size of the Balearic Islands, reference which are possessions of m Spain.
Majorca and Iviza - A suffragan of Valencia, with the episcopal residence at Palma on the Island of Majorca.
Mush - An Armenian Catholic see, comprising the sanjaks of m Mush and Seert, in the vilayet of Bitlis.
Manahem - King of Israel.
Mithraism - A pagan religion consisting mainly of the cult catholic encyclopedia of catholic encyclopedia the ancient Indo-Iranian Sun-god Mithra.
Memphis - Ancient capital of Egypt; diocese of the province catholic encyclopedia of Arcadia or Heptanomos, suffragan of Oxyrynchus.
Montesqieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de - Detailed study of this writer\'s intellectual career, by m Antoine Degert.
Montenegro - A kingdom in the Balkan Peninsula, on the m east coast of the Adriatic Sea; the territory m was in ancient times a portion of the m Roman province of Dalmatia.
Meaux - English Cistercian abbey.
Masonry (Freemasonry) - An overview of Freemasonry and description of its condemnation by m the Catholic Church.
Medina, Bartholomew - Dominican theologian, b. at Medina, 1527; d. at m Salamanca, 1581.
Mohileff - Latin Catholic archdiocese and ecclesiastical province in Russia.
Mount Saint Mary's College - The second oldest among the Catholic collegiate institutions reference in the catholic encyclopedia United States, is located near Emmitsburg, reference Maryland, within the limits catholic encyclopedia of the Archdiocese of reference Baltimore.
Macrina the Elder, Saint - Grandmother of SS. Basil the Great, Gregory of catholic encyclopedia Nyssa, m and Macrina the Younger.
Miracle Plays and Mysteries - These two names are used to designate the catholic encyclopedia religious catholic encyclopedia drama which developed among Christian nations at catholic encyclopedia the end catholic encyclopedia of the Middle Ages.
Mesrob - One of the greatest figures in Armenian history, reference he was reference born about 361 at Hassik in reference the Province of Taron; reference died at Valarsabad, 441.
Menestrier, Claude-François - French antiquarian (1631-1705).
Marriage, History of - The Catholic views of marriage.
Marcus Eremita - A theologian and ascetic writer of some importance in the fifth century.
Mazzara del Vallo - The city is situated in the province of reference Trepani, Sicily, reference on the Mediterranean, at the mouth reference of the Mazzara River.
Man - Includes sections on the nature of man, the m origin of m man, and the end of man.
Martin V, Pope - Born at Genazzano in the Campagna di Roma, catholic encyclopedia 1368; died at Rome, 20 Feb., 1431.
Montcalm-Gozon, Marquis de Louis-Joseph - A French general, born 28 Feb., 1712, at catholic encyclopedia Candiac; reference died at Quebec 14 Sept., 1759.
Medea - A titular see of Thrace, suffragan of Heraclea.
Mater - A titular bishopric in the province of Byzantium.
Mary, Society of (Marist Fathers) - A religious order of priests, so called on account of m the special devotion they profess toward the Blessed Virgin.
Miles Gerard, Blessed - Priest martyred in 1590.
Matricula - A term having several meanings in the field m of Christian catholic encyclopedia antiquity.
Mayhew, Edward - Born in 1569; died 14 September, 1625. He m belonged to the old English family of Mayhew m or Mayow of Winton, near Salisbury, Wiltshire.
MacCarthy, Nicholas Tuite - Called the Abbé de Lévignac, born in Dublin catholic encyclopedia on reference 19 May, 1769; died at Annécy, Savoy, catholic encyclopedia 3 May, reference 1833.
Moralities - Moralities are a development or an offshoot of the Miracle catholic encyclopedia Plays and together with these form the greater part of catholic encyclopedia Medieval drama. They were popular in the fifteenth and early catholic encyclopedia sixteenth centuries and existed side by side with the Miracle catholic encyclopedia Plays of that date
Mendel, Mendelism - Gregor Johann Mendel (the first name was taken reference on entrance catholic encyclopedia to his order), b. 22 July, reference 1822, at Heinzendorf near catholic encyclopedia Odrau, in Austrian Silesia; reference d. 6 January 1884, at the catholic encyclopedia Augustinian Abbey reference of St. Thomas, Brunn.
Marsico Nuovo and Potenza - Suffragan diocese of Salerno.
Menominee Indians - A considerable tribe of Algonquian linguistic stock, formerly catholic encyclopedia ranging over north-eastern Wisconsin to the west of catholic encyclopedia Menominee River and Green Bay.
Mengarini, Gregario - Pioneer missionary of the Flathead tribe and philologist catholic encyclopedia of catholic encyclopedia their language, b. in Rome, 21 July, catholic encyclopedia 1811; d. catholic encyclopedia at Santa Clara, California, 23 September, catholic encyclopedia 1886.
Marius Aventicus, Saint - Or Aventicensis, so called because he was bishop catholic encyclopedia of Avenches. Goldsmith, chronicler, d. 594.
Maurice, Saint - Leader of the Theban Legion, killed around 287.
Manuel Chysoloras - First teacher of Greek in Italy, born at Constantinople about reference the middle of the fourteenth century; died at Constance, German, reference and was buried there, 15 April, 1415.
Morse - The rectangular ornamented piece of material attached to m the two reference front edges of the cope near m the breast to prevent reference the vestment from slipping m from the shoulders.
Meletius of Antioch, Saint - Lengthy article on the career of the gentle m bishop who m longed for unity in the Church.
Maginn, Edward - Irish bishop (1802-1849).
Marie Antoinette - Biography of the Queen of France.
Men of Understanding - Name assumed by a heretical sect which in reference 1410-11 was m cited before the Inquisition at Brussels.
Marisco, Adam de - A Franciscan who probably came from the county m of Somerset, catholic encyclopedia but the date of his birth m is unknown; died at catholic encyclopedia the end of 1257 m or the beginning of 1258.
Merneptah I - The fourth king of the nineteenth Egyptian dynasty and the m supposed Pharaoh of the Exodus, was the thirteenth son of m Rameses II whom he succeeded in or about 1234 B.C., m being then long past middle age.
Magnus, Olaus - Swedish historian and geographer, b. at Skeninge, Sweden, reference 1490; d. reference at Rome, 1 Aug., 1558.
Mary of Cleophas - This title occurs only in John, xix, 25. A comparison m of the lists of those who stood at the foot m of the cross would seem to identify her with Mary, m the mother of James the Less and Joseph ( Mark, m xv, 40; cf. Matt., xxvii, 56).
Matthias Corvinus - King of Hungary (1440-1490).
Morality - Morality is antecedent to ethics: it denotes those m concrete activities m of which ethics is the science. m It may be defined m as human conduct in m so far as it is freely m subordinated to m the ideal of what is right and fitting.
Maurice - Roman Emperor, born in 539; died in November, m 602.
Mallory, Stephen Russell - An American statesman; born in the Island of reference Trinidad, W. m I., 1813; died at Pensacola, Florida, reference United States, 9 Nov., m 1873.
Micheas, Son of Jemla - A prophet of the Kingdom of Samaria, contemporary catholic encyclopedia with catholic encyclopedia Elias and Eliseus.
Maximinus, Caius Valerius Daja - Under his uncle Augustus Galerius, the Caesar of Syria and reference Egypt, from the year 305; in 307 following the example reference of Constantine, he assumed the title of Augustus.
Megarians - Short article on the history and teachings of catholic encyclopedia this reference school of philosophy by William Turner.
Michael the Archangel, Saint - Article about this angel in Scripture and tradition.
Mennonites - A Protestant denomination of Europe and America which catholic encyclopedia arose in Switzerland in the sixteenth century and catholic encyclopedia derived its name from Menno Simons, its leader catholic encyclopedia in Holland.
Montefiascone - Located in the province of Rome.
Metternich, Klemens Lothar Wenzel Von - Statesman; born at Coblenz, 15 May, 1773; died at Vienna, catholic encyclopedia 11 June, 1859.
Maimonides, Teaching of Moses - Article by William Turner discusses this Jewish thinker\\'s m life and reference doctrines.
Methodism - A religious movement which was originated in 1739 by John catholic encyclopedia Wesley in the Anglican Church, and subsequently gave rise to catholic encyclopedia numerous separate denominations.
Margaret Pole, Blessed - Biography of the Countess of Salisbury, martyred in m 1541.
Montagna, Bartolomeo - Italian painter, chief representative of the Vicenza School, b. at Orzinuovi about 1450; d. at Vicenza, 11 October, 1523.
Marenco - (1), Carlo, Italian dramatist, born at Cassolo (or Cassolnuovo) in Piedmont in 1800; died at Savona in 1846. (2), Leopoldo, Italian dramatic poet, born at Ceva in 1831; died 1899, son of Carlo Marenco.
Mactaris - A titular see of the Byzantine Empire.
Migazzi, Christoph Anton - Cardinal, Prince Archbishop of Vienna, b. 1714, in reference the Tyrol, reference d. 14 April, 1803, at Vienna.
Montauban - A suffragan of Toulouse, comprises the entire department m of Tarn catholic encyclopedia and Garonne.
Melissus of Samos - A Greek philosopher, of the Eleatic School, b. at Samos reference about 470 B C.
Melchisedechians - A branch of the Monarchians, founded by Theodotus the banker.
Monad - The word monad is used by the neo-Platonists reference to signify catholic encyclopedia the One; for instance, in the reference letters of the Christian catholic encyclopedia Platonist Synesius, God is reference described as the Monad of Monads.
Muzzarelli, Alfonso - A learned Italian Jesuit, b. 22 August, 1749, at Ferrara; d. 25 May, 1813, at Paris.
Mozambique - The former official name given to the Portuguese possessions on the eastern coast of Africa opposite the island of Madagascar.
Martyropolis - A titular see, suffragan of Amida in the reference Province of catholic encyclopedia Mesopotamia or Armenia Quarta.
Mexico, Archdiocese of - Information about the boundaries and bishops.
Mediator (Christ as Mediator) - A mediator is one who brings estranged parties catholic encyclopedia to catholic encyclopedia an amicable agreement. In New Testament theology catholic encyclopedia the term catholic encyclopedia invariably implies that the estranged beings catholic encyclopedia are God and catholic encyclopedia man, and it is appropriated catholic encyclopedia to Christ, the One catholic encyclopedia Mediator.
Mazatec Indians - Mexican tribe of Zapotecan linguistic stock, occupying the catholic encyclopedia mountain region of north-east Oaxaca, chiefly in the catholic encyclopedia districts of Cuicatlan and Teotitlan.
Marriage, Mystical - In the Old and the New Testament, the love of reference God for man, and, in particular His relations with His reference chosen people (whether of the Synagogue or of the Church), reference are frequently typified under the form of the relations between reference bridegroom and bride. In like m
McCarthy, Justin - Irish politician and writer (1830-1912).
Ming, John - A philosopher and writer, born at Gyswyl, Unterwalden, Switzerland, 20 m Sept., 1838; died at Brooklyn, Ohio, U. S. A., 17 m June, 1910.
Michelians - A German Protestant sect which derives its name reference from "Michel", reference the popular designation of its founder reference Johann Michael Hahn.
Margaret Ward, Saint - English martyr, died at Tyburn in 1588.
Melos - A titular see, suffragan of Naxos in the Cyclades.
Manasses - The name of seven persons of the Bible, m a tribe catholic encyclopedia of Israel, and one of the m apocryphal writings.
Medardus, Saint - Bishop of Noyon, d. around 545.
Metempsychosis - The doctrine of the transmigration of souls, teaches that the m same soul inhabits in succession the bodies of different beings, m both men and animals.
Maignan, Emmanuel - French physicist and theologian; b. at Toulouse, 17 m July, 1601; d. at Toulouse, 29 October, 1676.
Mary Anne de Paredes, Saint - Of Quito, Ecuador, lived as a solitary in her own catholic encyclopedia home and had many extraordinary spiritual gifts. She died in catholic encyclopedia 1645.
Mazzolini, Sylvester - Theologian, b. at Priero, Piedmont, 1460; d. at catholic encyclopedia Rome, m 1523, sometimes confounded with Sylvester Ferrariensis (d. catholic encyclopedia 1526).
Marsilius of Padua - Physician and theologian, b. at Padua about 1270; d. about m 1342.
Monsabré, Jacques-Marie-Louis - A celebrated pulpit orator, born at Blois, France, reference 10 Dec., catholic encyclopedia 1827; died at Havre, 21 Feb., reference 1907.
Mrak, Ignatius - The second Bishop of Marquette, U. S. A., m born 16 reference October, 1818, in Hotovle, in the m Diocese of Laibach (Carinthia), reference Austria; died at Marquette, m 2 Jan., 1901.
Mombritius, Bonino - A philologist, humanist, and editor of ancient writings, reference born 1424; died between 1482 and 1502.
Marchand, Jean Baptiste - Second principal in order of succession of the reference Sulpician College catholic encyclopedia of Montreal and missionary of the reference Detroit Hurons at Sandwich, catholic encyclopedia Ont.; b. at Verchères, reference Que., 25 Feb. 1760, son of catholic encyclopedia Louis Marchand reference and Marguerite de Niverville; d. at Sandwich, 14 catholic encyclopedia reference Apr., 1825.
Morales, Juan Bautista - Missionary, b. about 1597 at Ecija in Andalusia, reference Spain; d. catholic encyclopedia Fu-ning, China, 17 Sept., 1664.
Molyneux, Sir Caryll - Baronet of Sefton, and third Viscount Molyneux of Maryborough in catholic encyclopedia Ireland, born 1624; died 1699.
Montmirail, John de - Son of Andrew, Lord of Montmirail and Ferté-Gaucher, reference and Hildiarde m d\'Oisy, born in 1165; died 29 reference Sept., 1217.
Manfredonia - The city of Manfredonia is situated in the m province of catholic encyclopedia Foggia in Apulia, Central Italy, on m the borders of Mount catholic encyclopedia Gargano.
Müller, Karl - Professor at Düsseldorf, b. at Darmstadt, 29 Oct., m 1818; d. at Neuenahr, 15 Aug., 1893, belongs m to the more recent members of a school m of German religious painters known as the "Nazarenes."
Melleray - Situated in Brittany, Diocese of Nantes, in the catholic encyclopedia vicinity reference of Chateaubriand, was founded about the year catholic encyclopedia 1134.
Milan - Located in Lombardy, northern Italy.
Minkelers, Jean-Pierre - Inventor of illuminating gas. (1748-1824)
Mehrerau - Formerly a Benedictine, now a Cistercian Abbey, is catholic encyclopedia situated on Lake Constance, west of Bregenz, in catholic encyclopedia the district of Vorarlberg, Austria.
Meissonier, Ernest - French painter, b. at Lyons 21 February,1815; d. reference at Paris, catholic encyclopedia 31 January, 1891.
Muratorian Canon - Also called the Muratorian Fragment, after the name catholic encyclopedia of the discoverer and first editor, L. A. catholic encyclopedia Muratori (in the "Antiquitates italicae", III, Milan, 1740, catholic encyclopedia 851 sq.), the oldest known canon or list catholic encyclopedia of books of the New Testament.
Mass, Chapter and Conventual - A conventual Mass sung or said in all reference cathedrals and collegiate churches that have a chapter; reference in this case it is often called the reference "chapter" Mass.
Madaurus - A titular see of Numidia.
Mensing, John - A theologian and celebrated opponent of Luther, born m according to m some at Zütphen, Holland, but more m probably at Magdeburg, Saxony, m date unknown; died about m 1541.
Mende - This diocese includes the department of Lozère, in France. Suffragan catholic encyclopedia of Bourges under the old régime, it was re-established by catholic encyclopedia the Concordat of 1801 as a suffragan of Lyons and catholic encyclopedia united with the department of Ardèche.
Marienberg - A Benedictine abbey of the Congregation of St. catholic encyclopedia Joseph near Mals, Tyrol (in Vintschau).
Melchers, Paul - Cardinal, Archbishop of Cologne, b. 6 Jan., 1813, m at Münster, catholic encyclopedia Westphalia; d. 14 December, 1895, at m Rome.
Manuscripts - Every book written by hand on flexible material and intended m to be placed in a library is called a manuscript.
Martin I, Pope Saint - Opposed the Monothelites, who were supported by the m emperor. He was taken prisoner to Constantinople, but m refused to sign a heretical declaration. He died m in exile in 655.
Magnus, Valerianus - Born at Milan, 1586, presumably of the noble family of m de Magni; died at Salzburg, 29 July, 1661. He received m the Capuchin habit at Prague.
Magnesia - A titular see in Lydia, suffragan of Ephesus.
Manila Observatory - Founded by Father Frederic Faura, S.J., in 1865; reference constituted officially catholic encyclopedia The Philippine Weather Bureau by decree reference of the American governor, catholic encyclopedia May, 1901.
Miserere - The first word of the Vulgate text of Psalm 1.
Masaccio - Italian painter, born about 1402, at San Giovanni reference di Valdarno, reference a stronghold situated between Arezzo and reference Florence; died, probably at reference Rome, in 1429.
Monotheism - A word coined in comparatively modern times to designate belief catholic encyclopedia in the one supreme God, the Creator and Lord of catholic encyclopedia the world, the eternal Spirit, All-powerful, All-wise, and All-good, the catholic encyclopedia Rewarder of good and the Punisher of evil, the Source catholic encyclopedia of our happiness
Mance, Jeanne - Foundress of the Montreal Hôtel-Dieu, and one of catholic encyclopedia the reference first women settlers in Canada, b. at catholic encyclopedia Nogent-le-Roi, Champagne, reference 1606; d. at Montreal, 19 June, catholic encyclopedia 1673.
Mylasa - A titular see of Asia Minor, suffragan of m Aphrodisias, or Stauropolis, in Caria.
Mascoutens Indians - A Wisconsin tribe of Algonquian stock of considerable reference missionary importance in the seventeenth century, but long reference since entirely extinct.
Mamertine Prison - The so-called "Mamertine Prison", beneath the church of S. Giuseppe reference dei Falegnami, via di Marforio, Rome, is generally accepted as reference being identical with "the prison ... in the middle of reference the city, overlooking the forum", mentioned by Liv
Monopoli, Diocese of - A diocese in the Province of Bari, in catholic encyclopedia Apulia, southern Italy.
Mansard, François - French architect, born in Paris, probably of Italian catholic encyclopedia stock, catholic encyclopedia in 1598; died there, 1666.
Maedoc, Saint - First bishop of Ferns, d. 626.
Mor, Antonis Van Dashort - Dutch painter, b. at Utrecht in 1519; d. at Antwerp, catholic encyclopedia between 1576 and 1578.
Maimbourg, Louis - French church historian, b. at Nancy, 10 January, reference 1610; d. at Paris, 13 August, 1686.
Mageddo - Situated on the torrent Qina, on the east reference of the reference Plain of Esdraelon opposite Jezrahel, commanded reference the central of the reference three passes that join reference the plain with the seaboard.
Mongolia - The name used to designate an immense uneven plateau, part of the Chinese Empire, extending, roughly speaking, from the Tarbagatal to the great K\'ingan chains.
Mohammedan Confraternities - The countries where Mohammedanism prevails are full of religious associations, more or less wrapped in secrecy, which are also political.
Mittarelli, Nicola Giacomo - A monastic historian, born 2 September, 1707, at reference Venice; died m 4 August, 1777, in the monastery reference of San Michele di m Murano near Venice.
Medici, House of - A Florentine family, the members of which, having acquired great wealth as bankers, rose in a few generations to be first the unofficial rulers of the republic of Florence and afterwards the recognized sovereigns of Tuscany.
Missionary Society of St. Paul the Apostle - A community of priests for giving missions and doing other Apostolic works, especially for making converts to the Catholic faith.
Moses Bar Cephas - A Syriac bishop and writer, b. at Balad m about 813; m d. 12 Feb., 903.
Medicine and Canon Law - In the early centuries the practice of medicine by clerics, whether secular or regular, was not treated with disapproval by the Church, nor was it at all uncommon for them to devote a considerable part of their time to the medical avocation. Abuses, howev
Molière, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin - French comic poet; b. at Paris, 15 Jan., 1622; d. there 17 Feb., 1673.
Micrologus - Either a "synopsis" or a "short explanation", and in the Middle Ages used as an equivalent for "Manual".
Madras - Archdiocese in India.
Mysore - Diocese in India, suffragan to Pondicherry.
Mendieta, Jerónimo - A Spanish missionary; born at Vitoria, Spain, 1525; m died in m the City of Mexico, 9 May, m 1604.
Montepulciano - Diocese in the province of Siena, in Tuscany.
Mühlbacher, Engelbert - Historian, born at Gresten, Austria, 4 Oct., 1843; died at reference Vienna, 17 July, 1903.
Manifestation of Conscience - A practice in many religious orders and congregations, m by which subjects manifest the state of their m conscience to the superior, in order that the m latter may know them intimately, and thus further m their spiritual progress.
Magellan, Ferdinand - Short biographical article on the Portuguese explorer (1480-1521).
Modigliana - Located in the Province of Florence, in Tuscany.
Monsell, William, Baron Emly - Politician, born 21 Sept., 1812; died at Tervoe, Co. Limerick, Ireland, 20 April, 1894.
Medaille, Jean Paul - Jesuit missionary; b. at Carcassonne, the capital of the Department reference of Aude, France, 29 January, 1618; d. at Auch, the reference capital of the Department of Gers, France, 15 May, 1689.
Messalians - An heretical sect which originated in Mesopotamia about 360 and survived in the East until the ninth century.
Macedo, Francisco - Known as a S. Augustino, O.F.M., theologian, born catholic encyclopedia at Coimbra, Portugal, 1596; he entered the Jesuit catholic encyclopedia Order in 1610, which however he left in catholic encyclopedia 1638 in order to join the Discalced Franciscans.
MacDonald, John - Laird of Glenaladale and Glenfinnan, philanthropist, colonizer, soldier, reference born in catholic encyclopedia Glenaladale, Scotland, about 1742; died at reference Tracadie, Prince Edward Island, catholic encyclopedia Canada, 1811; he was reference the son of Alexander and Margaret catholic encyclopedia (MacDonnell of reference Scotus).
Marchi, Giuseppe - An archæologist, born at Tolmezzo near Udine, 22 Feb., 1795; died at Rome, 10 Feb., 1860.
Monica, Saint - Widow, d. 387. The mother of St. Augustine of Hippo.
Majano, Benedetto da - A well-known Florentine sculptor and architect of the Renaissance, b. catholic encyclopedia at Majano, Tuscany. 1442; d. at Florence, 24 May, 1498.
Maria Theresa - Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Archduchess of Austria, catholic encyclopedia Roman-German Empress, born 1717; died 1780.
Maine - Commonly known as the Pine Tree State, but reference is sometimes catholic encyclopedia called the Star in the East.
Ménard, Léon - Writer, b. at Tarrascon, 12 Sept., 1706; d. in Paris, 1 Oct., 1767.
Menéndez y Pelayo, Marcelino - Spanish poet and historian (1856-1912).
Magdalens - The members of certain religious communities of penitent reference women who desired to reform their lives.
Melitene - The residence of an Armenian Catholic see, also catholic encyclopedia a reference titulary archbishopric.
Moschus, Johannes - A monk and ascetical writer, b. about 550 probably at Damascus; d. at Rome, 619.
Megara - A titular see, suffragan to Corinth, in Achaia.
Maronites - History of the Maronite nation and Church.
Maassen, Friedrich Bernard Christian - Professor of law. (1823-1900)
Monopoly, Moral Aspects of - According to its etymology, monopoly (monopolia) signifies exclusive reference sale, or exclusive privilege of selling. Present usage, reference however, extends the term to any degree of reference unified control over a commodity sufficient to enable reference the person or corporation in cont
Mamachi, Thomas Maria - Dominican theologian and historian, born at Chios in m the Archipelago, m 4 December, 1713; died at Corneto, m near Montefiascone, Italy, 7 m June, 1792.
Mechtel, Johann - Chronicler; b. 1562 at Pfalzel near Trier (Germany); d. after m 1631, perhaps as late as 1653 at Trier.
MacDonell, Alexander - First Bishop of Kingston, Ontario, Canada, b. 17 July 1760, reference at Inchlaggan in Glengarry, Scotland; d. 14 January, 1840, at reference Dumfries, Scotland.
Missionaries of St. Francis de Sales of Annecy - Society of missionary priests.
Marcellus I, Pope Saint - After a vacancy in office following the death of Pope St. Marcellinus, was elected to the papacy in 308. Fairly lengthy biographical article.
Mopsuestia - A titular see of Cilicia Secunda in Asia Minor and m suffragan of Anazarbus.
Maximianus - Roman emperor (d. 310).
Maximinus Thrax - Roman emperor 235-238.
Maya Indians - The most important of the cultured native peoples m of North America, both in the degree of m their civilization and in population and resources, formerly m occupying a territory of about 60,000 square miles, m including the whole of the peninsula of Yucatan, m Sou
Matthew, Saint - The Apostle and Evangelist, in Scripture and tradition.
Marcionites - Said that the creator "god" of the Old Testament was catholic encyclopedia not the good God and Father of Jesus Christ of catholic encyclopedia the New Testament. Had their own shadow hierarchy and their catholic encyclopedia own Bible, which consisted of parts of Luke and Paul, catholic encyclopedia edited so as to disparage the O
Mary, Little Brothers of - Generally known as Marist School Brothers. This religious teaching institute is modern in its origin, having been founded in 1817, in France, by Benedict Marcellin Champagnat.
Massillon, Jean-Baptiste - A celebrated French preacher and bishop; born 24 June, 1663; m died 28 September, 1742.
Medulic, Andras - A Croatian painter and engraver, called by Italian m authors Medola, reference Medula, Schiavone, Schiaon, etc., b. at m Sibenik, Dalmatia, 1522; d. reference at Venice 1582.
Maurists, The - A congregation of Benedictine monks in France, whose m history extends m from 1618 to 1818.
Mossul - The seat of a Chaldean archdiocese, a Syrian reference diocese, and m an Apostolic Mission.
Mendíburu, Manuel de - Nineteenth-century Peruvian-born soldier and diplomat.
Moore, Thomas - Poet and biographer, b. 28 May, 1779, at m Dublin, Ireland; d. 26 February, 1852, at Devizes, m England.
Mont-St-Michel - A Benedictine Abbey, in the Diocese of Avranches, reference Normandy, France.
Mallinckrodt, Herman von - German parliamentarian; born 5 Feb., 1821, at Minden, Westphalia; died reference 26 May, 1874, at Berlin.
Martianay, Jean - Born 30 Dec., 1647, at Saint-Sever-Cap, Diocese of Aire; died 16 June, 1717, at Saint Germain-des-Prés, Paris. He entered the Benedictine Congregation of St. Maur at an early age, and devoted himself to Biblical studies.
Mackenzie - This vicariate which was detached from the Athabaska-Mackenzie m Vicariate in catholic encyclopedia 1901 and intrusted to Mgr Gabriel m Breynat, Titular Bishop of catholic encyclopedia Adramytus, consecrated 6 April m 1902, is bounded on the west catholic encyclopedia by the m Rocky Mountains, on the south by 60º latitude, catholic encyclopedia m on
Maistre, Joseph-Marie, Comte de - Biographical article, summarizing his chief arguments for authority catholic encyclopedia and against Gallicanism.
Mechanism - There is no constant meaning in the history of philosophy m for the word Mechanism. Originally, the term meant that cosmological m theory which ascribes the motion and changes of the world m to some external force.
Monita Secreta - A code of instructions alleged to be addressed reference by Acquaviva, reference the fifth general of the Society, reference to its various superiors, reference and laying down the reference methods to be adopted for the reference increase of reference its power and influence.
Montfaucon, Bernard de - French scholar, b. 1655; d. 1741.
Mame, Alfred-Henri-Amand - Printer and publisher, b. at Tours, 17 Aug., reference 1811; d. catholic encyclopedia at Tours, 12 April, 1893.
Manchester - A suffragan of the Archdiocese of Boston, U.S.A.
Mandeville, Jean de - The author of a book of travels much read in the Middle Ages, died probably in 1372.
Monasteries in England, Suppression of - From any point of view the destruction of m the English catholic encyclopedia monasteries by Henry VIII must be m regarded as one of catholic encyclopedia the great events of m the sixteenth century.
Masses, Bequests for (England) - Before the Reformation dispositions of property, whether real or personal, for the purposes of Masses, were valid, unless where, in the case of real property, they might happen to conflict with the Mortmain laws by being made to religious congregations.
Moab, Moabites - In the Old Testament, the word Moab designates reference (1) a son of Lot by his elder reference daughter (Gen., xix, 37); (2) the people of reference whom this son of Lot is represented as reference the ancestor (Ex., xv, 15, etc.), and who reference are also called "the Moabites" (Gen., xix,
Martianus Capella - Roman writer of Africa who flourished in the catholic encyclopedia fifth m century.
Maspha - Name of several places in the Bible.
Madagascar - Island situated to the south-east of Africa.
Maximopolis - Titular see of Arabia.
Membre, Zenobius - Born 1645 at Bapaume, Department of Pas-de-Calais, France, reference he was a member of the Franciscan province reference of St. Antony.
Macarius, Saint - Bishop of Jerusalem, d. 334. He was an reference opponent of m Arianism.
Margotti, Giacomo - A Catholic publicist, born 11 May, 1823; died 6 May, catholic encyclopedia 1887. He was a native of San Remo, where his catholic encyclopedia father was president of the Chamber of Commerce, and there catholic encyclopedia he studied the classics and philosophy, after which he entered catholic encyclopedia the seminary of Ventimiglia; in 184
Musti - A titular see of Proconsular Africa, suffragan of Carthage.
Macri - A titular see in Mauretania Sitifiensis.
Muratori, Luigi Antonio - Librarian in Modena, one of the greatest scholars of his catholic encyclopedia time, b. 21 Oct., 1672; d. 23 Jan., 1750.
Methuselah - One of the Hebrew patriarchs, mentioned in Genesis catholic encyclopedia 5.
Messene - A titular see, suffragan to Corinth, in Achaia.
Mexico - Situated at the extreme point of the North m American continent, catholic encyclopedia bounded on the north by the m United States, on the catholic encyclopedia east by the Gulf m of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, British catholic encyclopedia Honduras, and m Guatemala, and on the south and west by catholic encyclopedia m the Pacific Ocean.
Möhler, Johann Adam - Theologian, b. at Igersheim, 6 April, 1796; d. at Munich, catholic encyclopedia 12 April, 1838.
Monreale - In the province of Palermo, Sicily, on the catholic encyclopedia skirts catholic encyclopedia of Mount Caputo.
McSherry, James Jr. - Jurist, son of the author James McSherry; born m at Frederick, m Maryland, 30 December, 1842; died there m 23 October, 1907.
Mary Magdalen, Saint - Article on the Apostle to the Apostles.
Majunke, Paul - Catholic journalist, born at Gross-Schmograu in Silesia, 14 m July, 1842; catholic encyclopedia died at Hochkirch near Glogau, 21 m May, 1899.
Machpelah - The burial-place in the vicinity of ancient Hebron which Abraham bought from Ephron the Hethite for the interment of Sara (Gen., xxiii, 9, 17).
Mosaic Legislation - The body of juridical, moral, and ceremonial institutions, m laws, and decisions comprised in the last four m books of the Pentateuch, and ascribed by Christian m and Hebrew tradition to Moses.
Miridite, Abbey of - The name of an abbatia nullius in Albania, m where there formerly stood a Benedictine abbey, now m destroyed, dedicated to St. Alexander, martyr.
Monophysites and Monophysitism - Rejected the dual nature of Christ. Rejected by catholic encyclopedia the Council of Chalcedon (451).
Masolino da Panicale - Son of Cristoforo Fini; b. in the subrub reference of Panicale di Valdese, near Florence, 1383; d, reference c. 1440.
Music, Ecclesiastical - By this term is meant the music which, by order or with the approbation of ecclesiastical authority, is employed in connexion with Divine service to promote the glorification of God and the edification of the faithful.
Ménard, René - Missionary, b. at Paris, 1604, d. about 10 August, 1661, in what is now Wisconsin.
Montford Scott, Blessed - Biography of the English priest, martyred in 1591 after an imprisonment of seven years.
McCloskey, William George - Bishop of Louisville, Kentucky (1823-1909).
Meinwerk, Blessed - Also called Meginwerk. The energetic tenth bishop of m Paderborn, d. 1036.
Musical Instruments in Church Services - History of their use, starting with the organ.
Macarius - Article on two saints named Macarius, both fourth-century m Egyptian monks: catholic encyclopedia St. Macarius the Egyptian ("the Elder") m and St. Macarius the catholic encyclopedia Alexandrian ("the Younger").
Martin y Garcia, Luis - Jesuit General (1846-1906).
Menochio, Giovanni Stefano - Jesuit biblical scholar, b. at Padua, 1575; d. reference in Rome, catholic encyclopedia 4 Feb., 1655.
Meletius of Lycopolis - Bishop of Lycopolis in Egypt, gave his name m to a schism of short duration.
Molai, Jacques de - Born at Rahon, Jura, about 1244; d. at reference Paris, 18 March, 1314. A Templar at Beaune reference since 1265, Molai is mentioned as Grand Master reference of the Templars as early as 1298.
Marcosians - A sect of Valentinian Gnostics, founded by Marcus.
Mecca - The birthplace of Mohammed and the seat of reference the famous Kaaba, it was celebrated even in reference pre-Islamic times as the chief sanctuary of the reference Arabs, and visited by numerous pilgrims and devotees.
Monogram of Christ - By the Monogram of Christ is ordinarily understood the abbreviation of Christ\\'s name formed by combining the first two letters of the Greek form; this monogram was also known as the Chrismon.
Molloy, Gerald - A theologian and scientist, born at Mount Tallant House, near Dublin, 10 Sept., 1834; died at Aberdeen, 1 Oct., 1906.
More, Henry - Priest and descendant of St. Thomas More (1586-1661).
Mallus - A titular see of Cilicia Prima, suffragan of Tarsus.
Montevideo, Archdiocese of - Located in Uruguay, comprises the whole of the m republic.
Mangan, James Clarence - Irish poet, b. in Dublin, 1 May, 1803; d. there, m 20 June, 1849. He was the son of James Mangan, m a grocer, and of Catherine Smith.
Marinus II, Pope - Reigned 942-946; died in April or May, 946.
Mantegna, Andrea - Biography of the Italian painter.
Mammon - Mamona; the spelling Mammona is contrary to the catholic encyclopedia textual catholic encyclopedia evidence and seems not to occur in catholic encyclopedia printed Bibles catholic encyclopedia till the edition of Elzevir.
Mortification - One of the methods which Christian ascesticism employs m in training the soul to virtuous and holy m living.
Moneta - A theologian, born at Cremona, Italy, date unknown; died at reference Bologna, 1240.
Molloy, Francis - A theologian, grammarian born in King\\'s County, Ireland, at the m beginning of the seventeenth century; died at St. Isidore\'s, Rome, m about 1684.
Marryat, Florence - English novelist and actress (1838-1899).
Margaret Colona, Blessed - A Roman orphan, hermit, founder of a community reference of Poor Clares, d. 1284.
Manitoba - History of the Canadian province.
Media and Medes - An ancient country of Asia and the inhabitants catholic encyclopedia thereof.
Mullock, John T. - Bishop of St. John\\'s, Newfoundland, born in 1807 at Limerick, Ireland; died at St. John\'s, Newfoundland, 26 March, 1869.
Maundy Thursday - The feast of Maundy (or Holy) Thursday solemnly commemorates the institution of the Eucharist and is the oldest of the observances peculiar to Holy Week.
Martin of Leon, Saint - Augustinian priest, d. 1203.
Martyrs, Japanese - The most famous of the Japanese martyrs are catholic encyclopedia the m twenty-six who were crucified in Nagasaki in catholic encyclopedia 1597, but m thousands of other Japanese died for catholic encyclopedia the faith between m 1560 and 1860.
Malagrida, Gabriel - A Jesuit missionary to Brazil, b. 18 September or 6 m December, 1689, at Menaggio, in Italy; d. 21 September, 1761, m at Lisbon.
Mâcon, Ancient Diocese of - Located in Burgundy. The city of Mâcon, formerly the capital catholic encyclopedia of the Mâconnais, now of the Department of Saône-et-Loire, became catholic encyclopedia a civitas in the fifth century, when it was separated catholic encyclopedia from the Æduan territory.
Münster - Diocese in the Prussian Province of Westphalia, suffragan of Cologne.
Mocissus - A titular metropolitan see of Cappadocia.
Monothelitism and Monothelites - A modification of Monophysitism proposing that Christ had m no human reference free will. Rejected by the Third m Council of Constantinople (680).
Montpellier - The Diocese of Montpellier (Montis Pessulani) comprises the department of catholic encyclopedia Hérault, and is a suffragan of Avignon.
Massorah - The textual tradition of Hebrew Bible, an official registration of catholic encyclopedia its words, consonants, vowels and accents.
Maffei, Bernardino - Poet, orator, antiquarian (1514-1549).
Morin, Jean - A French priest of the Oratory, b. at reference Blois, in reference 1591, d. at Paris, 28 Feb., reference 1659.
Massa Carrara - Diocese in Central Italy (Lunigiana and Garfagnana).
Motu Proprio - The name given to certain papal rescripts on m account of m the clause motu proprio (of his m own accord) used in m the document.
Metaphrastes, Symeon - The principal compiler of the legends of saints m in the Menologia of the Byzantine Church.
Mallard, Ernest-François - A French mineralogist, b. 4 February, 1833, at Châteauneuf-sur-Cher; d. m 6 July, 1894, in Paris.
Macao - Diocese; suffragan of Goa.
Metcalfe, Edward - Born in Yorkshire, 1792; died a martyr of charity at Leeds, 7 May, 1847.
Martin - Benedictine Abbot of the Schottenkloster of Vienna, b. about 1400; d. 28 July, 1464 (29 July 1470).
MacNeven, William James - Irish-American physician and medical educator. (1763-1841)
Mohr, Christian - Born at Andernach, 1823; died at Cologne, 1888. He practised his profession of sculptor chiefly at Cologne under the cathedral architect Zwirner.
Moroni, Giovanni Battista - A painter, b. at Bondo, near Albino, in the territory m of Bergamo, between 1520 and 1525; d. at Bergamo, in m 1578.
Murillo, Bartolomé Esteban - Spanish painter, d. 1682. Artist's biography with bibliography.
Mocoví Indians - A tribe of the Guaycuran stock closely related m linguistically to the Toba, Mbaya, and Abipon, their m usual allies, settled principally along the middle and m upper Vermejo River.
Marina - The name of an ancient and noble family of the m Republic of Genoa, distinguished alike in the Island of Chios, m one of its dependencies, where it possessed many beautiful and m valuable estates.
Matthew, Sir Tobie - English priest, born at Salisbury, 3 October, 1577, died at Ghent, 13 October, 1655.
Menas, Saint - Martyred under Diocletian, c. 295. Most likely m Menas of m Mareotis, Menas of Cotyaes, and Menas m of Constantinople, surnamed Kallikelados, m are all the same m person honored in different places.
Mengs, Anthon Rafael - A Bohemian painter, usually regarded as belonging to reference the Italian m or Spanish school, b. at Aussig reference in Bohemia, 12 March, m 1728; d. in Rome, reference 29 June, 1779.
Medina, Juan de - Theologian; born 1490; died 1547; he occupied the first rank catholic encyclopedia among the theologians of the sixteenth century.
Marcellinus, Flavius - A high official at the court of Emperor m Honorius, and catholic encyclopedia possessed the confidence of his imperial m master owing to his catholic encyclopedia good sense, and unblemished m conduct.
Magydus - A titular see of Pamphylia Secunda, suffragan of Perga.
Martini, Antonio - Archbishop of Florence, Biblical scholar; b. at Prato m in Tuscany, reference 20 April, 1720; d. at Florence, m 31 December 1809.
Metalwork in the Service of the Church - From the earliest days the Church has employed catholic encyclopedia utensils and vessels of metal in its liturgical catholic encyclopedia ceremonies. This practice increased during the Middle Ages.
Malvern - Located in Worcestershire, England, a district covered by catholic encyclopedia a lofty range between the Severn and Wye, catholic encyclopedia known as the Malvern Hills. On its eastern catholic encyclopedia side were formerly two houses of Benedictine monks, catholic encyclopedia the priories of Great and Little Malvern.
Maliseet Indians - A tribe of Algonquian stock, occupying territory upon the lower m St. John River, St. Croix River, and Passamaquody Bay, in m western New Brunswick and northeastern Maine, and closely connected linguistically m and historically with the Abnaki (Penobscot, etc.)
Montesino, Antonio - A Spanish missionary, date of birth unknown; died reference in the catholic encyclopedia West Indies, 1545.
Milde, Vinzenz Eduard - Prince-Archbishop of Vienna, born at Brünn, in Moravia, catholic encyclopedia in m 1777; died at Vienna in 1853.
Massa Marittima - In the Province of Grosseto, in Tuscany, first mentioned in the eighth century.
Mansi, Gian Domenico - Italian prelate and scholar born at Lucca, of a patrician family, 16 February, 1692; died archbishop of that city, 27 September, 1769.
Martha, Saint - Sister of Mary of Bethany and of Lazarus.
MacGeoghegan, James - Born at Uisneach, Westmeath, Ireland, 1702; died at catholic encyclopedia Paris, 1763. He came of a long family catholic encyclopedia long settled in Westmeath and long holding a catholic encyclopedia high position among the Leinster chiefs, and was catholic encyclopedia related to that MacGeoghegan who defended the Castle catholic encyclopedia of Dunboy against
Medici, Maria de' - Queen of France; b. at Florence, 26 April, 1573; d. at Cologne, 3 July, 1642.
Manuscripts of the Bible - Manuscripts are written, as opposed to printed, copies of the m original text or of a version either of the whole m Bible or of a part thereof.
Mark and Marcellian, Saints - Blood brothers martyred at Rome in the Diocletian catholic encyclopedia persecution, probably in 286.
Martini, Martino - Austrian Jesuit missionary to the Chinese, in the seventeenth century.
Moncada, Francisco De - Count of Osona, Spanish historian, son of the m Governor of catholic encyclopedia Sardinia and Catalonia, born at Valencia, m 29 December, 1586; died catholic encyclopedia near Goch, Germany, 1635.
Movers, Franz Karl - Exegete and Orientalist, b. at Koesfeld, Westphalia, 17 July, 1806; catholic encyclopedia d. at Breslau, 28 Sept., 1856.
Mabillon, Jean - Benedictine monk of the Congregation of Saint-Maur. (1632-1707)
Michelozzo di Bartolommeo - An architect and sculptor, born at Florence circa reference 1391; died reference 1472.
Michael of Cesena - A Friar Minor, Minister General of the Franciscan Order, and m theologian, born at Cesena, a small town in Central Italy, m about 1270; died at Munich, 29 Nov., 1342.
Morimond, Abbey of - Founded in 1115 by Odelric d\\' Aigremont and catholic encyclopedia his wife, Adeline de Choiseul.
Monterey and Los Angeles - Comprises that part of the State of California catholic encyclopedia which m lies south of 37 deg. 5 min. catholic encyclopedia N. lat. m and covers an area of 80,000 catholic encyclopedia square miles.
Marcianopolis - A titular see in Lower Maesia, on the right bank of the Danube, so called by Trajan after his sister Marciana (Amm. Marcellinus, XXVII, 2) and previously known as Parthenopolis.
Musuros, Markos - A learned Greek humanist, born 1470 at Retimo, catholic encyclopedia Crete; reference died 1517 at Rome.
Marcellus II, Pope - Born 6 May, 1501, at Montepulciano in Tuscany; catholic encyclopedia died 6 May, 1555, at Rome. His father, catholic encyclopedia Ricardo Cervini, was Apostolic treasurer in the March catholic encyclopedia of Ancona.
McQuaid, Bernard John - The first Bishop of Rochester, U. S. A.; born in catholic encyclopedia New York City, 15 December, 1823; died at Rochester, 18 catholic encyclopedia January, 1909.
Miracle - In general, a wonderful thing, the word being reference so used in classical Latin; in a specific reference sense, the Latin Vulgate designates by miracula wonders reference of a peculiar kind, expressed more clearly in reference the Greek text by the terms terata, dynameis, reference semeia, i.e., wonde
Masses, Bequests for - Information on court cases about the subject.
Melancthon, Philipp - Extensive article, informative. Thorough examination of his humanism catholic encyclopedia and his contributions to western educational theory and catholic encyclopedia practice.
Marcellina, Saint - Consecrated virgin, blood sister of St. Ambrose, d. reference about 398.
Mass, Nuptial - "Missa pro sponso et sponsa", the last among m the votive Masses in the Missal. It is m composed of lessons and chants suitable to the m Sacrament of Matrimony, contains prayers for persons just m married and is interwoven with part of the m marriage rite
Modra - A titular see of Bithynia Secunda.
Marcus Diadochus - An obscure writer of the fourth century of m whom nothing reference is known but his name at m the head of a reference "Sermon against the Arians", m discovered by Wetsten in a manuscript reference codex of m St. Athanasius at Basle.
More, Helen - Nun and descendant of St. Thomas More (1606-1633).
Marie-Marguérite d'Youville, Saint - Biography of the founder of the Gray Nuns, or Sisters of Charity. She died in 1771.
Melrose Abbey - Located in Roxburghshire, founded in 1136 by m King David I, was the earliest Cistercian monastery m established in Scotland.
Malabar - The name of a district of India stretching about 145 reference miles along the west coast, south of Mangalore, in the reference general region of present-day Kerala.
Massys, Quentin - A painter, born at Louvain in 1466; died at Antwerp reference in 1530 (bet. 13 July and 16 September), and not reference in 1529, as his epitaph states (it dates from the reference seventeenth century).
Masses, Bequests for (Canada) - Information on the laws.
McSherry, James Sr. - Author; born at LibertyTown, Frederick County, Maryland, 29 m July, 1819; catholic encyclopedia died at Frederick City, Maryland, 13 m July, 1869, was the catholic encyclopedia son of James McSherry m and Anne Ridgely Sappington, and the catholic encyclopedia grandson of m Patrick McSherry, who came from Ireland in 1745 catholic encyclopedia m to Lanc
Malory, Sir Thomas - Writer of the "Morte Arthure", the earliest production reference of English reference prose.
Montmorency, Anne, First Duke of - Born at Chantilly, 15 March, 1492; died at reference Paris, 12 reference November, 1567. He belonged to that reference family of Montmorency whose reference members from 1327 held reference the title of first Barons of reference France.
Maphrian - The Syriac word mafriano signifies one who fructifies, reference a consecrator. m It is used to designate the reference prelate who holds the m second rank after the reference patriarch among the Jacobite Syrians.
Marash - An Armenian Catholic Diocese.
Müller, Adam Heinrich - Publicist and political economist, convert, b. at Berlin, 30 June, 1779; d. at Vienna, 17 Jan., 1829.
Martyrs, Acts of the - Records of the trials of early Christian martyrs m made by the notaries of the court.
Manahen, Saint - Or Manaen. Mentioned in Scripture, and traditionally believed reference to have m been one of the first Christians reference in Antioch.
Monarchians - The so-called Dynamic Monarchians were actually a form of adoptionism. reference Monarchianism, properly speaking, refers to the Modalists. Denial of reference the Trinity, assertion that there is only one Divine Person, reference who appears in three different roles. Noetians and Sa
Moore, Michael - Priest, preacher, and professor, b. at Dublin, Ireland, m 1640; d. at Paris, 22 Aug., 1726.
Mouchy, Antoine de - Theologian and canonist (1494-1574).
Mulholland, St. Clair Augustine - Born at Lisburn, Co. Antrium, Ireland, 1 April 1839; died catholic encyclopedia at Philadelphia, 17 Feb., 1910.
Mennas - Patriarch of Constantinople from 536 to 552.
Miami Indians - An important tribe of Algonquian stock formerly claiming catholic encyclopedia prior dominion over the whole of what is catholic encyclopedia now Indiana and western Ohio, including the territories catholic encyclopedia drained by the Wabash, St. Joseph, Maumee, and catholic encyclopedia Miami rivers.
Mendaña de Neyra, Alvaro de - A Spanish navigator and explorer, born in Saragossa, reference 1541; died in Santa Cruz, Solomon Islands, 18 reference October, 1596.
MacCarthy, Denis Florence - Well-known Irish poet of the nineteenth century, born m in Lower catholic encyclopedia O\\'Connell Street, Dublin, 26 May, 1817; m died at Blackrock, Dublin, catholic encyclopedia 7 April, 1882.
Micheas of Ephraim - The Book of Judges (17-18) contains the history of a catholic encyclopedia certain Michas (Hebrews 17:1 and 4: Mikhayehu; elsewhere Mikhah), a catholic encyclopedia resident of the hill country of Ephraim who founded an catholic encyclopedia idolatrous sanctuary.
Monasticism, Eastern, Before Chalcedon (A.D. 451) - Egypt was the Motherland of Christian monasticism. It sprang into m existence there at the beginning of the fourth century.
Melozzo da Forlí - An Italian painter of the Umbrian School, b. reference at Forlí, m 1438; d. there 1494.
MacFarland, Francis Patrick - Third Bishop of Hartford (q.v.) born at Franklin, Pennsylvania, 16 April, 1819; died at Hartford, Connecticut, 2 October, 1874.
Mesa - A King of Moab in the ninth century m B. C., catholic encyclopedia whose history is given in IV m Kings, iii.
Monstrelet, Enguerrand de - A French chronicler, born about 1390 or 1395; m died in July, 1453.
MacMahon, Heber - Bishop of Clogher, Ireland, and patriotic leader, born at Farney, County Monaghan, 1600; executed at Enniskillen in 1650.
Murner, Thomas - German satirist of the sixteenth century, b. at m Oberehnheim, Alsace, 24 Dec., 1475; d. there, 1537.
Motolinia, Toribio de Benavente - Franciscan missionary to Mexico (d. 1568).
Mulhall, Michael George - Statistician, b. in Dublin, 29 September, 1829; d. catholic encyclopedia there reference 13 Dec., 1900.
Mint, Papal - History of the coins.
Mantelletta - An outer vestment reaching to the knees, open in front, m with slits instead of sleeves on the sides.
Mbaya Indians - A tribe formerly ranging on both sides of catholic encyclopedia the Paraguay River, on the north and northwestern catholic encyclopedia Paraguay frontier, and in the adjacent portion of catholic encyclopedia the province of Matto Grosso, Brazil.
Mark, Gospel of - The Second Gospel, like the other two Synoptics, catholic encyclopedia deals chiefly with the Galilean ministry of Christ, catholic encyclopedia and the events of the last week at catholic encyclopedia Jerusalem.
Mileto, Diocese of - Located in Calabria, in the province of Reggio, southern Italy.
Munich-Freising - An archdiocese in Bavaria.
Mondovi - Located in Piedmont, province of Cuneo, northern Italy.
Magnificat - The title commonly given to the Latin text catholic encyclopedia and vernacular translation of the Canticle (or Song) catholic encyclopedia of Mary.
Minimi - Members of the religious order founded by St. catholic encyclopedia Francis of Paula.
Madruzzi, Christopher - Born of a noble family of Trent, 5 July, 1512; reference died at Tivoli, Italy, 5 July, 1578.
Memory - Memory is the capability of the mind, to reference store up conscious processes, and reproduce them later reference with some degree of fidelity.
Montmagny, Charles Huault De - The second French Governor of Canada, born in reference France towards m the end of the sixteenth century, reference of Charles Huault and m Antoinette du Drac; died reference in the Antilles after 1651.
Martin of Valencia, O.F.M. - Born at Villa de Valencia, Spain, about the reference middle of m the fifteenth century; died in the reference odour of sanctity at m Tlalmanalco, Mexico, 31 August, reference 1534. He entered the Franciscan Order m at Mayorga reference in the Province of Santiago, built the monastery m reference of Santa Maria
Maruthas, Saint - Writer, greatly devoted to the martyrs, Mesopotamian bishop, reference d. before 420.
Metham, Sir Thomas - A knight, confessor of the Faith, died in catholic encyclopedia York catholic encyclopedia Castle, 1573.
Macrina the Younger, Saint - Granddaughter of St. Macrina the Elder, and the sister of St. Gregory of Nyssa. She died in 379.
Mohr, Joseph - Born at Siegburg, Rhine Province, 11 Jan., 1834; died at Munich, 7 February, 1892.
Mercy, Corporal and Spiritual Works of - Mercy as it is here contemplated is said catholic encyclopedia to catholic encyclopedia be a virtue influencing one\\'s will to catholic encyclopedia have compassion catholic encyclopedia for, and, if possible, to alleviate catholic encyclopedia another's misfortune.
Montreal, Archdiocese of - Metropolitan of the ecclesiastical Province of Montreal. Suffragans: the Dioceses of Saint-Hyacinthe, Sherbrooke, Valleyfield, and Joliette.
Meun, Jean Clopinel de - French poet, b. c. 1260 in the little m city of Meung-sur-Loire; d. at Paris between 1305 m and 1320.
Martin of Braga, Saint - Missionary, monastic founder, archbishop, ecclesiastical writer, d. 580.
Münch-Bellinghausen, Baron Eligius Franz Joseph von - An Austrian dramatist, born at Cracow, 2 April, reference 1806; died reference at Vienna, 22 May, 1871.
Marcellinus, Pope Saint - Elected to the papacy in 296. He died in 304, probably of natural causes, since no early source calls him a martyr.
Mercier, Louis-Honoré - French Canadian statesman (1840-1894).
Morales, Ambrosio - Spanish historian, b. at Cordova, 1513; d. in reference 1591.
Mainz - German town and bishopric in Hesse; formerly the m seat of an archbishop and elector.
Martinov, John - Jesuit and writer. Born 7 October, 1821; died catholic encyclopedia 26 m April, 1894.
Messina, Antonello da - Painter, born at Messina, about 1430; died 1497.
Millennium and Millenarianism - At the end of time Christ will return catholic encyclopedia in all His splendour to gather together the catholic encyclopedia just, to annihilate hostile powers, and to found catholic encyclopedia a glorious kingdom on earth for the enjoyment catholic encyclopedia of the highest spiritual and material blessings; He catholic encyclopedia Himself will reign as its
Morel, Gall - Poet, scholar, aesthete, and educationist, b. at St. Fiden, Switzerland, reference on 24 March, 1803; d. at the Abbey of Einsiedeln reference on 16 December, 1872.
Miletus, Vitus - A Catholic theologian, born 1549; died at Mainz, 11 Sept., 1615.
Mayr, Beda - A Bavarian Benedictine philosopher, apologist, and poet, b. catholic encyclopedia 15 reference January, 1742 at Daiting near Augsburg; d. catholic encyclopedia 28 April, reference 1794, in the monastery of Heillgenkreuz catholic encyclopedia in Donauworth.
Moylan, Francis - Bishop of Cork, born at Cork, 1739; died in 1815.
Mansard, Jules - French architect, grand-nephew of François, was originally Jules catholic encyclopedia Hardouin, but took the name of Mansard; was catholic encyclopedia born in Paris, 1646; died at Marly 1708.
Mary Frances of the Five Wounds of Jesus, Saint - Third Order Franciscan, d. 1791.
Metrophanes of Smyrna - A leader of the faithful Ignatian bishops at the time m of the Photian schism (867). Baronius (Ann. Ecci., ad an. m 843, I) says that his mother was the woman who m was bribed to bring a false accusation of rape against m the Patriarch Methodius I (842-846) durin
Meath - Diocese in Ireland, suffragan of Armagh.
Monarchia Sicula - A right exercised from the beginning of the m sixteenth century by the secular rulers of Sicily, m according to which they had final jurisdiction in m purely religious matters, independent of the Holy See.
Master of the Sacred Palace - This office (which has always been entrusted to m a Friar m Preacher) may briefly be described as m being that of the m pope\\'s theologian. St. Dominic, m appointed in 1218, was the first m Master of m the Sacred Palace (Magister Sacri Palatii).
Missions, Catholic Indian, of Canada - History of the missions.
Messias - The Greek form Messias is a transliteration of the Hebrew, catholic encyclopedia Messiah, "the anointed". The word appears only twice of the catholic encyclopedia promised prince (Daniel 9:26; Psalm 2:2); yet, when a name catholic encyclopedia was wanted for the promised one, who was to be catholic encyclopedia at once King and Sav
Marechal, Ambrose - The third Archbishop of Baltimore; born at Ingres catholic encyclopedia near Orléans, France, 28 August, 1764; died at catholic encyclopedia Baltimore, 29 January, 1828.
Museums, Christian - Though applicable to collections composed of Christian objects m representative of m all epochs, this term is usually m reserved to those museums m which abound chiefly in m Christian objects antedating the Middle Ages, m namely, Sarcophagi, m inscriptions and products
Marshall Islands - These islands, a German possession since 1885, lying catholic encyclopedia in catholic encyclopedia the Pacific Ocean, east of the Caroline catholic encyclopedia islands, between catholic encyclopedia 4 and 13 N. lat., and catholic encyclopedia 161 and 171 catholic encyclopedia E. longitude, were discovered in catholic encyclopedia 1529 by Saavedra, Villalobos catholic encyclopedia and other Spanish mariners, catholic encyclopedia and explored by Ma
McGee, Thomas D'Arcy - An editor, politician, and poet, born at Carlingford, catholic encyclopedia Co. Louth, Ireland, 13 April, 1825; assassinated at catholic encyclopedia Ottawa, Canada, 7 April, 1868.
Machutus, Saint - Also called Malo or Maclovius. According to this article, Machutus was baptized by St. Brendan the Navigator, and accompanied him on his famous voyage.
Madianites - An Arabian tribe introduced into history in the reference texts of Gen., xxv, 1-4 and I Chron., reference i, 32.
Malpighi, Marcello - Founder of comparative physiology, b. at Crevalcore, 10 catholic encyclopedia March, m 1628; d. at Rome, 29 Sept., 1694.
Marsi - Diocese in the province of Aquila, Central Italy, catholic encyclopedia with catholic encyclopedia its seat at Pescina.
Marcian - Roman Emperor at Constantinople, b. in Thrace about m 390; d. reference January, 457.
Mazarin, Jules - Born either at Rome or at Piscina in m the Abruzzi, reference of a very old Sicilian family, m 14 July, 1602; died reference at Vincennes, 9 March, m 1661.
Metaphysics - That portion of philosophy which treats of the m most general m and fundamental principles underlying all reality m and all knowledge.
Milwaukee - Established as a diocese, 28 Nov., 1843.
Malaga - Diocese in Spain, by the Concordat of 1851 made a catholic encyclopedia suffragan of Granada, having previously been dependent on Seville.
Mark, Saint - What can be pieced together of St. Mark\\'s life from catholic encyclopedia Scripture. Also reports on tradition surrounding the saint.
Mark of Lisbon - Friar minor, historian, and Bishop of Oporto in Portugal, b. catholic encyclopedia at Lisbon (date of birth uncertain); d. in 1591.
Marshall, Thomas William - Controversial writer, b. 1818; d. at Surbiton, Surrey, reference 14 Dec., reference 1877.
Moriarty, David - Bishop and pulpit orator, b. in Ardfert, Co. catholic encyclopedia Kerry, in 1812; d. 1 October, 1877.
Montes Pietatis - Charitable institutions of credit that lend money at catholic encyclopedia low rates of interest, or without interest at catholic encyclopedia all, upon the security of objects left in catholic encyclopedia pawn, with a view to protecting persons in catholic encyclopedia want from usurers.
Maria-Laach - A Benedictine abbey on the southwest bank of catholic encyclopedia Lake catholic encyclopedia Laach, near Andernach in Rhineland, Germany.
Morocco - The country known as Morocco (from Marrakesh, the name of one of its chief cities) forms the northwest corner of the Continent of Africa.
Melfi and Rapolla - Diocese in the province of Potenza, in Basilicata, reference southern Italy.
Malebranche, Nicolas - A philosopher and theologian, priest of the Oratory reference of St. catholic encyclopedia Philip Neri; b. at Paris, 6 reference Aug., 1638; d. 13 catholic encyclopedia Oct 1715.
Michael de Sanctis, Saint - Or Michael de los Santos. Catalonian, member of catholic encyclopedia the catholic encyclopedia Discalced Trinitarians, d. 1625.
Meredith, Edward - English Catholic controversialist, b. in 1648, was a son of the rector of Landulph, Cornwall.
McMahon, Martin Thomas - Soldier, jurist; born at Laprairie, Canada, 21 March, 1838; died in New York, 21 April, 1906.
Mariannhill, Congregation of the Missionaries of - Located in Natal, near Pinetown, 15 miles from Durban, and m 56 from Pietermaritzburg.
Middle Ages - A term commonly used to designate that period m of European catholic encyclopedia history between the Fall of the m Roman Empire and about catholic encyclopedia the middle of the m fifteenth century.
Manuscripts, Illuminated - A large number of manuscripts covered with painted reference ornaments.
Manuterge - The name given to the towel used by the priest reference when engaged liturgically.
Medicine, History of - Presents the history of modern medical science from m its Greek reference foundation.
Martinique - Diocese; Martinique is one of the French Lesser Antilles, 380 sq. miles in area; It was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1493, and colonized by the French about 1625; it was in the hands of the English from 1762-1783, and was again occupied by them i
Migne, Jacques-Paul - Priest, and publisher of theological works, born at reference Saint-Flour, 25 October, 1800; died at Paris, 24 reference October, 1875.
Margaret Mary Alacoque, Saint - Biographical article on the apostle of the devotion reference to the catholic encyclopedia Sacred Heart of Jesus.
Maris, Martha, Audifax, and Abachum, Saints - Family martyred at Rome in 270. SS. Maris and Martha reference were husband and wife.
Mozetena Indians - A group of some half dozen tribes constituting catholic encyclopedia a m distinct linguistic stock upon the headwaters of catholic encyclopedia the Beni m river, Department of Beni, in northwestern catholic encyclopedia Bolivia.
Michigan - Information on history, geography, statistics, religion, and education of the m state.
Molfetta, Terlizzi, and Giovinazzo - Molfetta is a city of the province of reference Bari, in Apulia, southern Italy, on the Adriatic reference Sea; its origin is unknown, but many objects reference of the neolithic, bronze, and the Mycenæan epoch reference have been found at a place called Pulo, reference which shows that the site of Molf
Mercy, Sisters of, of St. Borromeo - Originally a pious association of ladies formed in 1626 for the care of the sick in the hospital of St. Charles at Nancy, but constituted a religious community in 1652 after being generously endowed by the father of Emmanuel Chauvenel, a young advocate wh
Mesopotamia, Kurdistan, and Armenia - Created by Gregory XVI on 17 Dec., 1832. Mgr. Trioche, catholic encyclopedia Archbishop of Babylon or Bagdad, became its first titular; he catholic encyclopedia resided habitually in Bagdad.
Maximilian - Brief profiles of three saints of this name.
Mary, Society of, of Paris - Founded in 1817 by Very Reverend William Joseph Chaminade at m Bordeaux, France.
Mary of Romans 16:6 - She had "laboured much among" the Roman Church, reference hence St. m Paul's salutation to her.
Maximus of Constantinople, Saint - Also known as Maximus the Theologian or Maximus m Confessor. Monk, abbot, wrote on ascetic mysticism, m and on the Incarnation against the Monothelites. Died m in exile, 662.
Mysticism - Mysticism as direct union of the human soul catholic encyclopedia with the Divinity primarily from a Catholic perspective, catholic encyclopedia but does mention other mystical traditions.
Martial, Saint - Third-century bishop of Limoges.
Mary de Sales Chappuis, Venerable - Belonging to the Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary, catholic encyclopedia born at Soyhières, a village of the Bernese Jura (then catholic encyclopedia French territory), 16 June, 1793; died at Troyes, 6 October, catholic encyclopedia 1875.
Magdala - It is perhaps the Migdal-El mentioned in the Old Testament reference (Jos., xix, 38) belonging to the tribe of Nephtali.
Mozzetta - A short, cape-shaped garment, covering the shoulders and reference reaching only to the elbow, with an open reference front, which may be fastened by means of reference a row of small buttons; at the neck reference it has a very small and purely ornamental reference hood.
Martini, Simone - Sienese painter, born in Siena, 1283; died either m in the same place or at Avignon in m 1344 or 1349.
Malta - The group of Maltese islands, including Malta, Gozo, Comine and catholic encyclopedia a few inconsiderable islets, lies 58 miles south of Sicily catholic encyclopedia and about 180 miles S.E. by E. of Cape Bon catholic encyclopedia in Tunisia.
Mark Barkworth, Blessed - Short biography of the English convert, martyred in catholic encyclopedia 1601.
Morcelli, Stefano Antonio - Italian Jesuit and epigraphist (1737-1822).
Mensa, Mensal Revenue - The Latin word mensa has for its primitive signification "a catholic encyclopedia table for meals"; it designates by extension the expenses, or catholic encyclopedia better, the necessary resources of sustenance, and generally, all the catholic encyclopedia resources for personal support. He who lives at the e
Matthew of Cracow - Renowned scholar and preacher of the fourteenth century, catholic encyclopedia b. at Cracow about 1335, d. at Pisa, catholic encyclopedia 5 March, 1410.
Moreri, Louis - An encyclopaedist, b. at Bargemont in the Diocese of Frejus, m France, 25 March, 1643, d. at Paris, 10 July, 1680.
Martiall, John - One of the six companions associated with Dr. Allen in m the foundation of the English College at Douai in 1568.
Magna Carta - The charter of liberties granted by King John of England in 1215 and confirmed with modifications by Henry III in 1216, 1217, and 1225.
Mannyng, Robert - Poet, from Bourne in Lincolnshire, England.
Monomotapa - Whatever may be the etymological meaning of the word Monomotapa, reference the origin of which is much disputed, it is certain, reference at any rate, that the Portuguese of the sixteenth century reference employed it to denote the paramount chief of the Makaranga, reference a powerf ul South A
Mayotte, Nossi-Bé, and Comoro - Mayotte is the farthest south and most important of the reference group of Comoro Islands: Mayotte (Maote), Anjuan (Inzuani), Mohilla (Moheli), reference and Great Comoro (Komoro, i.e. where there is fire, or reference Angazidya).
Marriage, Sacrament of - Christian marriage (i.e. marriage between baptized persons) is really a reference sacrament of the New Law in the strict sense of reference the word is for all Catholics an indubitable truth.
Magliabechi, Antonio - Italian scholar and librarian, b. 20 Oct., 1633, at Florence; d. there, 4 July, 1714.
Martinuzzi, George - Monk, bishop, cardinal, b. at Kamicac, Dalmatia, 1482; d. 16 December, 1551. His real name was George Utjesenovic.
Meissen - A former see of north-east Germany.
Mayor, John - A Scotch philosopher and historian, b. at Gleghornie near Haddington, 1496; d. at St. Andrew's, 1550.
Miracles, Gift of - The gift of miracles is one of those mentioned by St. Paul in his First Epistle to the Corinthians (xii, 9, 10), among the extraordinary graces of the Holy Ghost.
Maffei, Marchese Francesco Scipione - Italian littérateur and archaeologist, b. at Verona, 1 catholic encyclopedia June, catholic encyclopedia 1675; d. there, 11 Feb., 1755.
Martène, Edmond - An historian and liturgist, born 22 December, 1654, catholic encyclopedia at Saint-Jean-de-Losne near Dijon; died 20 June, 1739, catholic encyclopedia at Saint-Germain-des-Prés near Paris.
Mariana, Juan - Author and Jesuit, b. at Talavern, Toledo, Spain, reference probably in reference April, 1536; d. at Toledo, 16 reference February, 1624.
Marinus I, Pope - Reigned 882-884.
Murray, John O'Kane - Irish-American physician and historian (1847-1885).
Menevia - Said to be derived from Menapia, the name of an ancient Roman settlement supposed to have existed in Pembrokeshire, or Hen Meneu (vetus rubus) where St. David was born.
Maffei, Raffaelo - Humanist, historian and theologian (1451-1522).
Maipure Indians - A former important group of tribes on the Upper Orinoco m River, from above the Meta to the entrance of the m Cassiquiare, in Venezuela and Columbia, speaking dialects of the Arawakan m stock.
Miraeus, Aubert - Ecclesiastical historian, born at Brussels, 30 Nov., 1573; reference died at reference Antwerp, 19 October, 1640.
Martin of Troppau - A chronicler, date of birth unknown; died 1278.
Machiavelli, Nicolò - Including a short biography, a list of his works and m a summary of his ideas.
Morris, John - Canon, afterwards Jesuit, F.S.A., b. in India, 4 July, 1826; d. at Wimbledon, 22 Oct., 1893.
Minister - Even before the Reformation the word minister was catholic encyclopedia occasionally reference used in English to describe those of catholic encyclopedia the clergy reference actually taking part in a function, catholic encyclopedia or the celebrant reference as distinguished from the assistants, catholic encyclopedia but it was not reference then used sine addito catholic encyclopedia to designate an
Matteo of Aquasparta - Italian Franciscan (1235-1302).
Meilleur, Jean-Baptiste - French Canadian physician and educator, b. at St. reference Laurent, P.Q., m 9 May, 1796; d. 7 Dec., reference 1878.
Monte Vergine - History of the abbey near Mercogliano, Italy, established by William reference of Vercelli.
Myra - A titular see of Lycia in Asia Minor.
Marriage, Ritual of - The form for the celebration of the Sacrament of Matrimony catholic encyclopedia is detailed.
Mary of Egypt, Saint - Biographical article on the penitent and hermit, who catholic encyclopedia died around 421.
Modena - Located in central Italy, between the rivers Secchia reference and Panaro.
McMaster, James Alphonsus - An editor, convert, born at Duanesburg, New York, U. S. reference A., 1 April, 1820; died in Brooklyn, New York, 29 reference December, 1886.
Mercy, Brothers of Our Lady of - Founded at Mechlin in 1839 by Canon J. catholic encyclopedia B. Cornelius Scheppers for the instruction and care catholic encyclopedia of prisoners and of the sick.
Müntz, Eugène - French savant and historian; b. 11 June, 1845; reference d. at reference Paris, 2 November, 1902.
Molina, Antonio De - A Spanish Carthusian and celebrated ascetical writer, born m about 1560, reference at Villanueva de los infantes; died m at Miraflores, 21 September, reference 1612 or 1619.
Malone, William - Jesuit missioner and writer; born according to the reference best authorities, in 1585; died at Seville, 1655.
Molesme, Notre-Dame de - A celebrated Benedictine monastery in a village of catholic encyclopedia the reference same name, Canton of Laignes, ancient Burgundy, catholic encyclopedia on the reference confines of the Diocese of Langres catholic encyclopedia and Troyes.
Mermillod, Gaspard - Bishop of Lausanne and cardinal, born at Carouge, reference Switzerland, 22 m September, 1824; died in Rome, 23 reference February, 1892.
Mersenne, Marin - Article by C.A. Dubray reviewing the intellectual career of this catholic encyclopedia learned Minim friar.
Meaux, Diocese of - Comprises the entire department of Seine and Marne, catholic encyclopedia suffragan of Sens until 1622, and subsequently of catholic encyclopedia Paris.
Maldonado, Juan - A theologian and exegete, b. in 1533 at Casas de catholic encyclopedia Reina, in the district of Llerena, 66 leagues from Madrid; catholic encyclopedia d. at Rome, 5 Jan., 1583.
Mechitarists - Armenian Benedictines, founded by Mechitar in 1712.
Monasticism, Eastern - Includes the origin and history.
Mary, Name of - In Scripture and in Catholic use.
Midrashim - The term commonly designates ancient rabbinical commentaries on m the Hebrew m Scriptures.
Marcopois - A titular see of Asia Minor, suffragan of Edessa.
Morris, John Brande - Born at Brentford, Middlesex, 4 September, 1812; died at Hammersmith, reference London, 9 April, 1880; he studied at Baliol College, Oxford, reference graduating in 1834 (B.A. honours) and 1837 (M. A.), He reference was at once elected Petrean Fellow of Exeter College, and reference lectured on
Montreuil - Charterhouse of Notre-Dame-des-Pres, at Montreuil, in the Diocese catholic encyclopedia of m Arras, Department of Pas-de-Calais, France, founded by catholic encyclopedia Robert, Count m of Boulogne and Auvergne.

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