Catholic Encyclopedia Reference Catholicism Denominations

There is no separate and distinct rite for the Ruthenians, but the name is often used for the modifications which the Ruthenians have introduced in the Byzantine or Greek Rite.

• Rose of Viterbo, Saint - Third order Franciscan, preached repentance. She died at reference the age of 17, in 1252.
• Rajpootana - Prefecture apostolic covering several Indian states.
• Roseline, Saint - A Carthusian prioress. She died in 1329.
• Rites - The ceremonies, prayers, and functions of any religious body.
• Refuge, Sisters of Our Lady of Charity of the - Religious order founded in 1641 that works towards r reforming women reference living a life of sin.
• Raimondi, Marcantonio - Fifteenth-and-sixteenth century Italian engraver.
• Roskovanyi, August - Bishop of Neutra in Hungary, doctor of philosophy and theology. reference (1807-1892)
• Ralph Crockett, Blessed - English priest, martyred in 1588.
• Rioja, Francisco de - Spanish poet. (1583-1659)
• Russell, Charles William - Irish professor and writer. (1812-1880)
• Robert Pullus - Twelfth-century Cardinal, English philosopher and theologian.
• Robert of Melun - English philosopher and theologian. (d. 1167)
• Robbia, Lucia di Simone - Italian sculptor. (1400-1481)
• Ronan, Saint - Article describing the most celebrated of the twelve catholic encyclopedia Irish saints known as Ronan.
• Ravesteyn, Josse - French theologian. (d. 1570)
• Ravignan, Gustave Xavier Lacroix de - French Jesuit, orator, and author. (1795-1858)
• Roman Congregations - The most important of certain departments organized by the Holy r See at various times to assist it in the transaction r of those affairs which canonical discipline and the individual interests r of the faithful bring to Rome.
• Rio Negro - Prefecture Apostolic in Brazil.
• Ramsey Abbey - English abbey founded by a Saxon noble in r 969.
• Robert Thorpe, Blessed - Brief account of the martyrdom of the Yorkshire reference priest, who reference was hanged in 1591.
• Ruiz de Alarcón y Mendoza, Juan de - Spanish dramatic poet. (1580-1639)
• Richard Hurst, Blessed - Also called Richard Herst. Layman martyred at Lancaster in 1628 reference following a show trial.
• Raynaud, Théophile - French theologian and writer. (1583-1663)
• Ryan, Patrick John - Sixth Bishop and second Archbishop of Philadelphia. (1831-1911)
• Rottenburg - Diocese; suffragan of the ecclesiastical Province of the reference Upper Rhine.
• Responsorium - A series of verses and responses, usually taken r from Holy Scripture and varying according to the r feast or season.
• Rossini, Gioacchino Antonio - Article focusing on his musical innovations and his r church music.
• Richard of Cornwall - Thirteenth century writer and lecturer.
• Royal Declaration, The - The name most commonly given to the solemn catholic encyclopedia repudiation reference of Catholicity which, in accordance with provisions catholic encyclopedia of the reference "Bill of Rights" (1689) and of catholic encyclopedia "the Act of reference Succession" (1700), every sovereign succeeding catholic encyclopedia to the throne of reference Great Britain
• Rome, University of - The university is now under the control of reference the Italian Government and is called the Royal reference University.
• Raymond Martini - Dominican, theologian and Orientalist. (1220-1284)
• Right - Substantive designating the object of justice.
• Romanos, Saint - Sixth-century poet.
• Reuss - Name of the two smallest states of the German Confederation.
• Revolution, English, of 1688 - The history of the Revolution resolves itself into r a catalogue reference of various ill-judged measures which alienated r the support of the reference Established Church, the Tory r party, and the nation as a reference whole.
• Rector - Priests who preside over missions or quasi-parishes.
• Robert Francis Romulus Bellarmine, Saint - Biographical article on the Jesuit theologian and cardinal.
• Rennes - French diocese including the Department of Ille et reference Vilaine.
• Rosminians - The Institute of Charity, or, officially, Societas a charitate nuncupata, reference is a religious congregation founded by Antonio Rosmini, first organized reference in 1828.
• Reichenau - Island upon the Gnadensee of the Lake of r Constance, about one mile in breadth and about r three and three-quarter miles long.
• Roskilde, Ancient See of, in Denmark - Suffragan to Hamburg, about 991-1104, to Lund, 1104-1536.
• Ruiz de Montoya, Antonio - Linguist and pioneer of the original Jesuit mission r in Paraguay. catholic encyclopedia (1585-1652)
• Rojas y Zorrilla, Francisco de - Spanish dramatic poet. (1607-1680)
• Rapin, René - French Jesuit writer. (1621-1687)
• Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste-Donatien - French marshal. (1725-1807)
• Rosenau - Diocese in Hungary, suffragan of Eger, established by catholic encyclopedia Maria Theresa, in 1775-76.
• Richard Hill, Blessed - A Yorkshireman and priest, executed in 1590. Martyred reference together with r John Hogg, Richard Holiday, and Edmund reference Duke.
• Reiffenstuel, Johann Georg - Theologian and canonist. (1641-1703)
• Rho, Giacomo - Italian missionary to China. (1593-1638)
• Rio, Alexis-François - French writer on art. (1797-1874)
• Rabelais, François - Sixteenth-century French writer.
• Ritualists - The advanced section of the High Church party catholic encyclopedia in the Anglican Establishment, which since about 1860 catholic encyclopedia has adhered to and developed further the principles catholic encyclopedia of the earlier Tractarian Movement.
• Rhodesia - British possession in South Africa (present-day Zimbabwe).
• Robert of Molesme, Saint - Founder of the Abbey of Citeaux and the r monastery at r Molesme. (d. 1111)
• Romanus, Pope - Ninth-century Pope who reigned for four months in r 897.
• Rauscher, Joseph Othmar - Prince-Archbishop of Vienna. (1797-1875)
• Rosary, The - History of this devotion. Also considers the Orthodox and Eastern-Rite Catholic practice.
• Rolph, Thomas - Surgeon and writer of several works on emigration. catholic encyclopedia (1800-1858)
• Reni, Guido - Italian painter. (1575-1642)
• Ratio Studiorum - The educational system of the Jesuits.
• Richard Fetherston, Blessed - Priest and martyr, died at Smithfield, 1540.
• Rufus, Saints - Record of the ten saints named Rufus in catholic encyclopedia the Roman Martyrology.
• Robertson, James Burton - Historian and professor. (1800-1877)
• Race, Human - Article describing the view of the human race reference from a 1911 Catholic perspective.
• Riffel, Caspar - German historian and writer. (1807-1856)
• Racine, Jean - Brief biography of the seventeenth-century dramatist.
• Repington, Philip - Fourteenth-and-fifteenth century cardinal-priest of the title of SS.
• Rhithymna - A titular see of Crete, suffragan of Gortyna.
• Regeneration - Biblico-dogmatic term closely connected with the ideas of justification, Divine reference sonship, and the deification of the soul through grace.
• Reginald of Piperno - Companion of St. Thomas Aquinas. (1230-1290)
• Rohault de Fleury - Family of French architects and archaeologists of the r nineteenth century.
• Rudolf of Fulda - French chronicler. (d. 862)
• Redeemer, Knights of the - A secular community founded in 1608 by the Duke of catholic encyclopedia Mentone, Vincent Gonzaga, on the occasion of the marriage of catholic encyclopedia his eldest son Francis II Gonzaga with Marguerite of Savoy.
• Rerum Deus Tenax Vigor - Brief article on a hymn for None, one catholic encyclopedia of r the "little hours." Mid-afternoon.
• Robert of Jumièges - Eleventh-century Archbishop of Canterbury.
• Ribeirao Preto - A suffragan see of the Archdiocese of São reference Paulo, Brazil.
• Robert Anderton, Blessed - English priest and friend of William Marsden. The reference two were catholic encyclopedia shipwrecked, whereupon they were arrested for reference being priests coming into catholic encyclopedia England from abroad, and reference tried on the "bloody question." They catholic encyclopedia were hanged, reference drawn, and quartered in 1586.
• Riobamba - City forming the base for the diocese of catholic encyclopedia Bolivarensis, reference suffragan of Quito, Ecuador.
• Rohrbacher, Réné François - French ecclesiastical historian. (1789-1856)
• Roger Bacon - Philosopher, born at Ilchester, Somersetshire, about 1214; died reference at Oxford, r perhaps 11 June, 1294.
• Rimini, Council of - Opened early in July, 359, with over four r hundred bishops.
• Robert Drury, Blessed - Biographical portrait of the English priest, martyred at r Tyburn in r February 1606/7.
• Raymond VII - Count of Toulouse and son of Raymond VI. r (1197-1249)
• Ribadeneira, Pedro de - Writer and member of the Society of Jesus. r (1526-1611)
• Recusants, English - People who refrained from attending Church of England reference services.
• Radowitz, Joseph Maria von - Writer and statesman. (1797-1853)
• Retreat of the Sacred Heart, Congregation of - Congregation founded in 1678 with large schools in r various places in England, France, and Belgium.
• Rocca, Angelo - Founder of the Angelica Library at Rome. (1545-1620)
• Repose, Altar of - Sometimes called less properly sepulchre or tomb, more frequently repository.
• Requiem, Masses of - Masses that are offered for the dead.
• Residence, Ecclesiastical - A remaining or abiding where one\\'s duties lie catholic encyclopedia or r where one's occupation is properly carried on.
• Ryder, Henry Ignatius Dudley - English Oratorian priest and controversialist. (1837-1907)
• Rameau, Jean-Philippe - Life, summaries of religious and secular works, and commentary on his advances in music theory and composition.
• Richard Leigh, Blessed - Article on this English priest and missionary to his native land, martyred in 1588.
• Rachel - Mother of Joseph and Benjamin, and love of Jacob.
• Reding, Augustine - Prince-Abbot of Einsiedeln and theological writer. (1625-1692)
• Risby, Richard - Warden of the Observant friary at Canterbury who catholic encyclopedia was catholic encyclopedia condemned to death by Henry VIII. (1489-1534)
• Rochet - An over-tunic usually made of fine white linen (cambric; fine cotton material is also allowed), and reaching to the knees.
• Rodriguez, Alonso - Spanish writer and teacher. (1526-1616)
• Rococo Style - A discussion of this whimsical style, its origins reference and uses.
• Ruthenian Rite - There is no separate and distinct rite for the Ruthenians, but the name is often used for the modifications which the Ruthenians have introduced in the Byzantine or Greek Rite.
• Roch, Saint - Early 14th century. While on pilgrimage, Roch acquired r renown for healing plague victims. He himself was r stricken with the plague. Upon returning to his r hometown, he was cast into prison as an r accused spy, where he died.
• Rolls Series - A collection of historical materials of which the general scope catholic encyclopedia is indicated by its official title, "The Chronicles and Memorials catholic encyclopedia of Great Britain and Ireland during the Middle Ages".
• Rance, Jean-Armand le Bouthillier de - French abbot and reformer. (1626-1700)
• Rossi, Bernardo de - Italian theologian and historian. (1687-1775)
• Rerum Crerator Optime - The hymn for Matins of Wednesday in the catholic encyclopedia Divine Office.
• Reynolds, William - Writer, priest and lecturer. (1544-1594)
• Richard de Wyche, Saint - The devoted companion of St. Edmund Rich, was bishop of catholic encyclopedia Chichester. Richard died in 1253, and was canonized less catholic encyclopedia than 10 years later.
• Reisach, Carl von - Theologian and statesman. (1800-1869)
• Ramus, Peter - Article by William Turner on this early humanist and logician.
• Rerum Novarum - The opening words and the title of the reference Encyclical issued reference by Leo XIII, 15 May, 1891, reference on the "Condition of reference Labour".
• Restitution - An act of commutative justice by which exact r reparation as catholic encyclopedia far as possible is made for r an injury that has catholic encyclopedia been done to another.
• Raymond of Peñafort, Saint - Born near Barcelona, Raymond was an able canon lawyer who r joined the Dominicans. He died in 1275.
• Rhaphanaea - A titular see in Syria Secunda, suffragan of Apamea.
• Reading Abbey - Abbey founded by Henry I in 1121 and reference located in Surrey, England.
• Richard, Charles-Louis - Theologian and publicist. (1711-1794)
• Rueckers, Family of - Famous organ and piano-forte builders of Antwerp.
• Roper, William - English politician and biographer of St. Thomas More. reference (1496-1578)
• Robert of Luzarches - Thirteenth century French architect.
• Rosa, Salvatore - Neapolitan artist. (1615-1673)
• Rochette. Désiré Raoul - French archæologist. (1789-1854)
• Riccardi, Nicholas - Italian theologian, writer and preacher. (1585-1639)
• Russell, Richard - Bishop of Vizéu in Portugal. (1630-1693)
• Rowsham, Stephen - Sixteenth-century English priest and martyr.
• Regis, Pierre Sylvain - French philosopher and writer. (1632-1707)
• Rhodes, Alexandre De - French missionary. (1591-1660)
• Raymond Lully, Blessed - Biobibliographical article on Ramon Lull, who is called r "Doctor Illuminatus."
• Roseau - Diocese; suffragan of Port of Spain, Trinidad, B.W.I.
• Ruiz de Montoya, Diego - Spanish theologian. (1562-1632)
• Richard White, Saint - Real name, Richard Gwyn. Welsh schoolmaster, husband and father, had r a reputation as a scholar, poet, martyred in 1584.
• Raphael - Italian painter. (1483-1520)
• Rhosus - A titular see in Cilicia Secunda, suffragan to r Anazarba.
• Raynaldi, Odorico - Italian oratorian. (1595-1671)
• Renty, Gaston Jean Baptiste de - Jesuit who devoted himself to the service of catholic encyclopedia the needy and suffering. (1611-1649)
• Rhaetia - Prefecture Apostolic in Switzerland.
• Rosalia, Saint - Hermitess, greatly venerated at Palermo and in the catholic encyclopedia whole r of Sicily of which she is patroness.
• Rudolf von Ems - Middle High German epic poet of the thirteenth century.
• Reason - Article discussing various definitions of the term.
• Rovezzano, Benedetto da - Sculptor and architect. (1490-1530)
• Rodez - The Diocese of Rodez was united to the Diocese of reference Cahors by the Concordat of 1802, and again became an reference episcopal see by the Concordat of 1817 and Bull of reference 1822.
• Roger of Hoveden - Chronicler and king\'s clerk in the time of r Henry II.
• Revolution, French - A view of its effect on the Church.
• Rose of Lima, Saint - Biographical article on the first American to be reference named a catholic encyclopedia saint.
• Richmond, Diocese of - Suffragan of Baltimore consisting of parts of the catholic encyclopedia states catholic encyclopedia of Virginia and West Virginia.
• Refuge, Cities of - Towns which according to the Jewish law enjoyed reference the right r of asylum and to which anyone reference who had unintentionally slain r another might flee and reference be protected from the "avenger of r blood".
• Rizal, José Mercado - Filipino hero, physician, poet, novelist, and sculptor. (1861-1896)
• Rubens, Peter Paul - Flemish painter. (1577-1640)
• Religious Life - Overview and evangelical ideas on what makes up religious life.
• Ratzinger, Georg - Political economist and social reformer. (1844-1899)
• Reliquaries - Any box, casket, or shrine destined for the reception of catholic encyclopedia relics.
• Robert of Newminster, Saint - English abbot. (d. 1159)
• Remiremont - Monastery and nunnery of the Rule of St. catholic encyclopedia Benedict, catholic encyclopedia founded by Sts. Romaricus and Amatus in catholic encyclopedia 620 above catholic encyclopedia the town of Vosges, France.
• Roscommon - Capital of County Roscommon, Ireland; owes origin and name to reference a monastery founded by St. Coman in the first half reference of the eighth century on a "ros" or wooded point reference amidst marshes.
• Rass, Andreas - Bishop of Strasburg. (1794-1887)
• Reparation - Theological concept of God demanding satisfaction for the catholic encyclopedia injuries which man had done Him.
• Rader, Matthew - Philologist and historian. (1561-1634)
• Ralph Milner, Blessed - A husband and father, convert to Catholicism, arrested catholic encyclopedia the r day of his first Communion, and martyred catholic encyclopedia in 1591.
• Robinson, William Callyhan - Jurist and educator. (1834-1911)
• Redi, Francesco - Italian poet. (1626-1698)
• Robert of Arbrissel - Itinerant preacher and founder of Fontevrault. (b. 1047)
• Rishton, Edward - Priest and writer that fell victim to the r plague. (1550-1585)
• Ricoldo da Monte di Croce - Italian professor, scholar and writer. (d. 1320)
• Rhodes - A titular metropolitan of the Cyclades.
• Rockford, Diocese of - Created 23 September, 1908, in the north-western part catholic encyclopedia of r the State of Illinois.
• Rotuli - Rolls in which a long narrow strip of r papyrus or r parchment, written on one side, was r wound like a blind r about its staff.
• Rheinberger, Joseph Gabriel - Bavarian composer and organist. (1839-1901)
• Rex Gloriose Martyrum - The hymn at Lauds in the Common of reference Martyrs in reference the Roman Breviary.
• Russian Language and Literature - Russian is a Slav language belonging to the catholic encyclopedia Indo-European family.
• Remy, Abbey of Saint - Abbey located in Reims, France that acquired the r relics of St. Remy in 553.
• Rienzi, Cola di - Italian revolutionary and notary of the Camera Capitolina. reference (d. 1354)
• Rocamadour - Communal chief town of the canton of Gramat, reference district of r Gourdon, Department of Lot, in the reference Diocese of Cahors and r the ancient province of reference Quercy.
• Rhodo - Second-century Christian writer.
• Rings - Article discussing religious uses and values concerning the wearing of r rings.
• Rimouski - Canadian diocese, suffragan of Quebec.
• Rivington, Luke - English priest and writer. (1838-1899)
• Renaudot, Théophraste - Doctor who engaged in relief work for the poor. (1586-1653)
• Reinmar of Hagenau - German minnesinger of the twelfth century.
• Ripon, Marquess of - English politician, Governor-General and Viceroy of India. (1827-1909)
• Relativism - A doctrine which denies, universally or in regard reference to some restricted sphere of being, the existence reference of absolute values.
• Redemptoristines - Community of nuns formed in Scala, Italy, by Father Thomas Falcoia.
• Renunciation - A canonical term signifying the resignation of an ecclesiastical office catholic encyclopedia or benefice.
• Rosecrans, William Starke - American soldier and politician.
• Rocaberti, Juan Tomás de - Spanish theologian. (1624-1699)
• Ronsard, Pierre de - French poet. (1524-1585)
• Ritschlianism - Conception of the nature and scope of Christianity, r widely held in modern Protestantism, especially in Germany.
• Remuzat, Ven. Anne-Madeleine - Writer and witness to a revelation. (1696-1730)
• Reggio dell' Emilia - Italian diocese and suffragan of Modena.
• Ram, Pierre François Xavier de - Belgian historian and rector of the Catholic University catholic encyclopedia of r Louvain. (1804-1865)
• Reductions of Paraguay - Jesuit campaign to convert the natives of Paraguay.
• Ross - Diocese in Ireland.
• Rhode Island - American state and one of the thirteen original r colonies.
• Ruysch, John - Astronomer, cartographer, and painter. (d. 1533)
• Robert Bickerdike, Blessed - Short biography of the sixteenth-century martyr, a layman from Yorkshire.
• Robert of Courçon - English Cardinal. (d. 1218)
• Rechab and the Rechabites - Rechab was the father of Jonadab who in IV Kings, r x, 15-28, appears as a fervent supporter of Jehu\\'s attack r on the House of Achab. The Rechabites were his descendants.
• Rescripts, Papal - Responses of the pope or a Sacred Congregation, reference in writing, reference to queries or petitions of individuals.
• Richard - A Friar minor and preacher, appearing in history reference between 1428 catholic encyclopedia and 1431, whose origin and nationality reference are unknown.
• Rosselli, Cosimo - Italian fresco painter. (1439-1507)
• René Goupil, Saint - Short biography of the Jesuit missionary, martyred in 1642.
• Richard de Bury - English bishop and bibliophile. (1286-1345)
• Redemptions, Penitential - The substitution of exercises either easier or extending catholic encyclopedia over a shorter period, for works of penance catholic encyclopedia imposed according to the penitential canons.
• Raymond IV, of Saint-Gilles - Count of Toulouse and of Tripoli. (d. 1105)
• Rumohr, Karl Friedrich - German art historian. (1785-1843)
• Reichensperger, August - Prussian politician and author. (1808-1895)
• Rota, Sacra Romana - One of three tribunals instituted by the "Sapienti Consilio" constitution catholic encyclopedia of 1908.
• Rector Potens, Verax Deus - The daily hymn for Sext in the Roman Breviary.
• Ralph Ashley, Blessed - English Jesuit lay-brother, cook and domestic servant, was catholic encyclopedia tortured reference and martyred in 1606.
• Ripalda, Juan Martínez de - Spanish theologian. (1594-1648)
• Regale, Droit de - Document denoting those rights that belonged exclusively to r the king.
• Resurrection, General - The rising again from the dead, the resumption r of life.
• Richard Thirkeld, Blessed - English priest, missionary, arrested while visiting a Catholic reference in prison, catholic encyclopedia and martyred in 1583.
• Rimbert, Saint - Monk and archbishop of Bremen-Hamburg. (d. 888)
• Richard Whiting, Blessed - Last abbot of Glastonbury, martyr, executed in 1539.
• Robert Wilcon, Blessed - Biographical details on this English priest and two reference of his catholic encyclopedia companions in martyrdom: fellow priest "Edward reference Campion" and layman Robert catholic encyclopedia Widmerpool. Martyred in 1588.
• Robert Johnson, Blessed - English priest and martyr. (d. 1581)
• Richard I, King of England - King who embarked on the Crusades. (1157-1199)
• Roth, Heinrich - Missionary in India and Sanskrit scholar. (1620-1668)
• Regulars - Monks in observance of the Rule of St. Benedict.
• Randall, James Ryder - American journalist and poet. (1839-1908)
• Revelation - The communication of some truth by God to a rational creature through means which are beyond the ordinary course of nature.
• Reserved Cases - A term used for sins whose absolution is not within the power of every confessor.
• Rusicade - A titular see of Numidia.
• Recanati and Loreto - Diocese based around the province of Ancona in catholic encyclopedia Central reference Italy.
• Rome - The significance of Rome lies primarily in the catholic encyclopedia fact that it is the city of the catholic encyclopedia pope.
• Roman Curia - Strictly speaking, the ensemble of departments or ministries which assist the sovereign pontiff in the government of the Universal Church.
• Reform of a Religious Order - Return or bringing back of an order from a mitigated r or relaxed observance to the rigour of its primitive rule.
• Raffeix, Pierre - Missionary and cartographer. (1633-1724)
• Roermond - Diocese in Holland; suffragan of Utrecht.
• Remesiana - A titular see in Bulgaria, suffragan of Sardica.
• Reggio di Calabria - Archdiocese in Calabria, southern Italy.
• Redemptorists - Society of missionary priests founded by St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori r in 1732 at Scala, Italy.
• Rothe, David - Bishop of Ossory in Ireland. (1573-1650)
• Ruadhan, Saint - Irish founder of the monastery of Lorrha, one of the "twelve apostles of Erin," d. 584.
• Radulph of Rivo - Historian and liturgist. (d. 1403)
• Registers, Parochial - Five distinct parish registers that a pastor must reference have: one each of baptisms, confirmations, marriages, and reference deaths; and a fifth containing a census or reference general account of the state of souls in reference the parish.
• Religion, Virtue of - Article discussing the moral value of religion.
• Richard Rolle de Hampole, Blessed - English solitary and writer. Article on his life reference and writings.
• Roger of Wendover - Benedictine monk and chronicler. (d. 1236)
• Retreats - A series of days passed in solitude and catholic encyclopedia consecrated to practices of asceticism, in particular to catholic encyclopedia prayer and penance.
• Rolfus, Hermann - Catholic educationist and writer. (1821-1896)
• Riemenschneider, Tillmann - Frankish sculptor. (1460-1531)
• Robert, Saint - French Benedictine, founder of the Abbey of Chaise-Dieu, d. 1067.
• Romans, Epistle to the - The subject is treated under the following heads: I. The Roman Church and St. Paul; II. Character, Contents, and Arrangement of the Epistle; III. Authenticity; IV. Integrity; V. Date and Circumstances of Composition; VI. Historical Importance; VII, Theolo
• Russia - Geography and history.
• Roman Catechism - This catechism differs from other summaries of Christian reference doctrine for the instruction of the people in reference two points: it is primarily intended for priests reference having care of souls (ad parochos), and it reference enjoys an authority equalled by no other catechism.
• Rimini - Diocese, suffragan of Ravenna.
• Roger Cadwallador, Blessed - Short biography of the English priest, martyred in catholic encyclopedia 1610.
• Reims, Synods of - History of a series of synods held at catholic encyclopedia the r French city.
• Ribe, Ancient See of, in Denmark (Jutland) - Diocese that once consisted of the modern Danish Provinces of r Ribe, Vejle, and Ringkjöbing, and of part of North Schleswig.
• Rationalism - Term used in an exact sense, to designate r a particular catholic encyclopedia moment in the development of Protestant r thought in Germany, or catholic encyclopedia in a broader, and r more usual, sense to cover the catholic encyclopedia view that r the human reason, or understanding, is the sole catholic encyclopedia r source and final test of all t
• Russia, The Religion of - There are two theories in regard to the early Christianity r of Russia; according to one of them, Russia was Catholic r from the times when she embraced Christianity until the twelfth r century; the other holds that Russia was always Orthodox.
• Rudolf of Habsburg - German king. (1218-1291)
• Roe, Bartholomew - English Benedictine martyr. (1583-1641)
• Romanos Pontifices, Constitutio - The constitution makes clear the following: though regulars catholic encyclopedia according catholic encyclopedia to canon law are subject immediately to catholic encyclopedia the Holy catholic encyclopedia See, bishops are given jurisdiction over catholic encyclopedia small communities.
• Relationship - A certain connection of persons established either by r nature or by civil or canon law.
• Robert Southwell, Saint - Biography of the English poet, Jesuit, and martyr. r He was r hanged in 1595.
• Richard Langley, Blessed - Biographical portrait of the Yorkshire layman who refused to compromise his faith, and who paid the price for it. He was martyred in 1586.
• Rethel, Alfred - German painter. (1816-1859)
• Ralph Corbie, Blessed - Sometimes called Ralph Corrington. An Irish-born Jesuit, martyred r together with r secular priest John Duckett in 1644.
• Rhinocolura - A titular see in Augustamnica Prima, suffragan of reference Pelusium.
• Rouen, Synods of - The first synod is generally believed to have been held by Archbishop Saint-Ouen about 650.
• Ryken, Theodore James - Founder of the Xaverian Brothers. (1797-1871)
• Regionarii - The name given in later antiquity and the early Middle reference Ages to those clerics and officials of the Church of reference Rome who were attached neither to the papal palace or reference the titular churches of Rome, but to one of the reference city regions, or wards, which was assigned as
• Rabanus, Maurus Magnentius, Blessed - Biographical article on this Benedictine, abbot of Fulda, Archbishop of Mainz, theologian, who died in 856.
• Rathborne, Joseph - Priest and controversialist. (1807-1842)
• Raphoe - Diocese comprising the greater part of County Donegal in the reference ecclesiastical province of Armagh.
• Richard of Middletown - Thirteenth-century writer and Franciscan.
• Raymond VI - Count of Toulouse. (1156-1222)
• Regesta, Papal - Copies, generally entered in special registry volumes, of r the papal letters and official documents that are r kept in the papal archives.
• Regis, Jean-Baptiste - French missionary. (d. 1738)
• Regino of Prüm - German abbot. (d. 915)
• Raskolniks - A generic term for dissidents from the Established Church in catholic encyclopedia Russia.
• Reformation, The - Sixteenth century religious movement led by Martin Luther.
• Referendarii - Officials in the Byzantine Court who reported to catholic encyclopedia the catholic encyclopedia emperor on the memorials of petitioners, and catholic encyclopedia conveyed to catholic encyclopedia the judges the orders of the catholic encyclopedia emperor in connexion catholic encyclopedia with such memorials.
• Romanus, Saints - Mentions and gives brief profiles of several saints reference of this name.
• Rock, Daniel - English antiquarian and ecclesiologist. (1799-1871)
• Ratramnus - Ninth-century Benedictine monk and author.
• Rosselino, Antonio di Matteo di Domenico - Italian sculptor. (1427-1478)
• Rabbulas - Bishop of Edessa. (d. 435)
• Rostock, Sebastian von - Bishop of Breslau. (1607-1671)
• Rouquette, Adrien - Scholar and missionary to the Choctaw Indians. (1813-1887)
• Reservation of the Blessed Sacrament - The practice of preserving after the celebration of reference the Liturgy a portion of the consecrated elements reference for the Communion of the sick or for reference other pious purposes. The extreme antiquity of such reference reservation cannot be disputed.
• Rhymed Bibles - Short article on rhymed versions of the Bible, r which are reference almost always psalters or only part r of the Psalms.
• Rievaulx, Abbey of - English monastery founded in 1131.
• Rupert, Saint - First Bishop of Salzburg. (d. 718)
• Ring of the Fisherman, The - Ring worn by the popes, with a representation r of St. Peter in a boat on it.
• Royer-Collard, Pierre-Paul - Philosopher and French politician. (1763-1845)
• Rokewode, John Gage - Director of the Society of Antiquaries. (1786-1842)
• Rousseau, Jean-Baptiste - French poet. (1670-1741)
• Richard of Cirencester - Chronicler and monk at Westminster Abbey.
• Rusticus of Narbonne, Saint - Monk from Gaul, became bishop of Narbonne. Zealous catholic encyclopedia opponent catholic encyclopedia of the Arians and Nestorians.
• Ritter, Joseph Ignatius - German historian and writer. (1787-1857)
• Rochester, Diocese of - Located in New York.
• Roman Catholic - A qualification of the name Catholic commonly used reference in English-speaking r countries by those unwilling to recognize reference the claim of being r the One True Church.
• Ratisbonne, Maria Theodor - Preacher, writer, and director of the Archconfraternity of catholic encyclopedia Christian Mothers. (1802-1884)
• Rollin, Charles - French writer and professor. (1661-1741)
• Rosselino, Bernardo - Italian sculptor. (1409-1464)
• Renaissance, The - Period of revival of classic, especially of Greek, catholic encyclopedia learning and the recovery of ancient art in catholic encyclopedia the departments of sculpture, painting, and architecture.
• Rorate Coeli - Vulgate, text, the opening words of Isaiah 45:8.
• Raynouard, François-Juste-Marie - French poet, dramatist, and philologist. (1761-1836)
• Ryan, Father Abram J. - Poet, newspaper editor and Confederate chaplain. (1839-1886)
• Rainald of Dassel - Chancellor of the German Empire. (d. 1167)
• Ratisbon - German diocese embracing the greater portion of the catholic encyclopedia administrative reference district of Oberpfalz, and portions of Upper catholic encyclopedia and Lower reference Bavaria, and Upper Franconia.
• Rumania - A kingdom in the Balkan Peninsula, situated between the Black Sea, the Danube, the Carpathian Mountains, and the Pruth.
• Ratisbonne, Maria Alphonse - Converted Jew who built two convents in Jerusalem. (1814-1884)
• Regina - Ecclesiastical division comprising the southern part of the Canadian province r of Saskatchewan.
• Ruspe - Titular see of Byzacena in Africa, mentioned only catholic encyclopedia by reference Ptolemy (IV, 3) and the "Tabula" Peutinger.
• Reuben - Proper name meaning both a patriarch and a r tribe of Israel.
• Riccioli, Giovanni Battista - Italian astronomer. (1598-1671)
• Rosary, Confraternity of the - The Perpetual Rosary is an organization for securing the continuous recitation of the Rosary by day and night among a number of associates who perform their allotted share at stated times.
• Rochester, Ancient See of - The oldest and smallest of all the suffragan reference sees of Canterbury, was founded by St. Augustine, reference Apostle of England, who in 604 consecrated St. reference Justus as its first bishop.
• Rufford Abbey - A monastery of the Cistercian Order, situated on catholic encyclopedia the r left bank of the Rainworth Water, about catholic encyclopedia two miles r south of Ollerton in Nottinghamshire.
• Reordinations - The history of all ordinations which were considered catholic encyclopedia null catholic encyclopedia for any other reason than defect of catholic encyclopedia the prescribed catholic encyclopedia form or intention and which were catholic encyclopedia repeated.
• Rosary, Feast of the Holy - At the request of the Dominican Order Gregory XIII in r 1573 allowed this feast to be kept in all churches r which possessed an altar dedicated to the Holy Rosary.
• Revelations, Private - Article discussing the judging of private revelations.
• Rogation Days - Days of prayer, and formerly also of fasting, instituted by r the Church to appease God\\'s anger at man\\'s transgressions, to r ask protection in calamities, and to obtain a good and r bountiful harvest.
• Rood - A term, often used to signify the True Cross itself, which, with the prefix Holy, occurs as the dedication of some churches.
• Roman Catholic Relief Bill - Sections on England and Ireland.
• Rites in the United States - Article discussing various rites used within the United reference States.
• Robert Morton, Blessed - Brief biography of the English priest, martyred at London in catholic encyclopedia 1588, along with a layman, Hugh Moor. Article also mentions catholic encyclopedia others martyred on the same day elsewhere in England, including catholic encyclopedia the Bl. William Dean.
• Roscelin - A monk of Compiègne, was teaching as early as 1087.
• Raich, Johann Michael - German theologian and writer. (1832-1907)
• Rigby, Nicholas - English priest. (1800-1886)
• Rouen, Archdiocese of - Revived by the Concordat of 1802 with the reference Sees of Bayeux, Evreux, and Séez as suffragans: reference it also includes the Department of the Seine reference Inferieure.
• Resurrection of Jesus Christ - Resurrection is the rising again from the dead, r the resumption of life.
• Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, Duke de - Cardinal and French statesman. (1585-1642)
• Ralph Sherwin, Saint - An English priest who was imprisoned and tortured. reference He died reference a martyr in 1581.
• Rey, Anthony - Educator and Mexican War chaplain. (1807-1847)
• Rosate, Alberico de - Italian jurist. (d. 1354)
• Ritual - One of the official books of the Roman r Rite. It catholic encyclopedia includes all the services performed by r a priest that are catholic encyclopedia not in the Missal r and Breviary and has also, for catholic encyclopedia convenience, some r that are in those books.
• Rambler, The - Monthly English Catholic periodical published from 1848 to 1859.
• Recollection - Recollection, as understood in respect to the spiritual catholic encyclopedia life, means attention to the presence of God catholic encyclopedia in the soul.
• Rodriguez, Joao - Missionary and author. (1558-1633)
• Robert Nutter, Blessed - Information on this English priest and martyr, blood reference brother of r John Nutter. Also details on reference Edward Thwing, a priest r and professor from near reference York. Robert Nutter and Thwing r were martyred reference together in 1600.
• Rufina, Saints - Brief notices on four saints of this name.
• Rubruck, William - Thirteenth-century Franciscan missionary and writer of travels.
• Richard de la Vergne, François-Marie-Benjamin - Archbishop of Paris. (1819-1908)
• Race, Negro - Article describing the view of the negro race catholic encyclopedia from a 1911 Catholic perspective.
• Ricardus Anglicus - Pioneer of scientific judicial procedure in the twelfth century.
• Reusens, Edmond - Belgian archeologist and historian. (1831-1903)
• Rabbi and Rabbinism - Article covering a 1913 Catholic view of Rabbinism.
• Raphael, Saint - Archangel appearing in the Book of Tobias.
• Richard Langhorne, Blessed - Married Englishman, lawyer, martyred in 1679.
• Reumont, Alfred von - Statesman and historian. (1808-1887)
• Rishanger, William - Thirteenth-century English chronicler.
• Ragueneau, Paul - Jesuit missionary. (1608-1680)
• Rosmini and Rosminianism - Antonio Rosmini Serbati, philosopher, and founder of the Institute of Charity, born 24 March, 1797, at Rovereto, Austrian Tyrol; died 1 July, 1855, at Stresa, Italy.
• Reformed Churches - Protestant bodies which adopted the tenets of Zwingli reference and, later, reference the doctrinal principles of Calvin.
• Roh, Peter - German-speaking Jesuit preacher. (1811-1872)
• Robbia, Andrea della - Nephew, pupil and assistant to painter Luca. (1431-1528)
• Ruth, Book of - One of the proto-canonical writings of the Old reference Testament.
• Rudolf of Rudesheim - Bishop of Breslau. (1402-1482)
• Rhythmical Office - A liturgical horary prayer, the canonical hours of reference the priest, reference or an office of the Breviary, reference in which not only reference the hymns are regulated reference by a certain rhythm, but where, reference with the reference exception of the psalms and lessons, practically all reference reference the other parts show metre
• Radewyns, Florens - Co-founder of the Brethren of the Common Life. (d. 1400)
• Ross, School of - Ross-Carbery, formerly Ross-Ailithir.
• Romuald, Saint - Italian-born founder of the Camaldolese, d. 1027.
• Regnault, Henri Victor - French chemist and physicist. (1810-1878)
• Regina Coeli - The opening words of the Eastertide anthem of reference the Blessed Virgin.
• Reuchlin, Johannes - German humanist. (1455-1522)
• Raymond of Sabunde - Teacher and writer. (d. 1432)
• Rolduc - Located in S. E. Limburg, Netherlands.
• Regalia - The insignia of royalty or "crown jewels".
• Roger, Bishop of Worcester - Bishop of Worcester. (d. 1179)
• Regulae Juris - Certain fundamental laws in the form of axioms reference found in catholic encyclopedia the "Corpus Juris".
• Rostock, University of - Located in Mecklenburg-Schwerin, founded in the year 1419.
• Relics - An object, notably part of the body or clothes, remaining reference as a memorial of a departed saint.
• Rossano - Archdiocese in Calabria, province of Cosenza, Southern Italy.
• Raymond Nonnatus, Saint - Spanish Mercedarian. (1200-1240)
• Raccolta - A book containing prayers and pious exercises to reference which the popes have attached indulgences.
• Rhesaena - A titular see in Osrhoene, suffragan of Edessa.
• Roman Colleges - This article treats of the various colleges in catholic encyclopedia Rome r which have been founded under ecclesiastical auspices catholic encyclopedia and are r under ecclesiastical direction, with the exception catholic encyclopedia of those that r are treated separately under their catholic encyclopedia respective titles throughout the r Catholic
• Rhodiopolis - A titular see of Lycia, suffragan of Myra.
• Renaudot, Eusebius - Apologetical writer and Orientalist. (1648-1720)
• Richard Sergeant, Blessed - English priest martyred in 1586.
• Ruthenians - A Slavic people from Southern Russia, Galicia and catholic encyclopedia Bukowina in Austria, and North-eastern Hungary.
• Rex Sempiterne Caelitum - The Roman Breviary hymn for Matins of Sundays catholic encyclopedia and weekdays during the Paschal Time.
• Raymbault, Charles - French missionary. (b. 1602)
• Reservation - The restriction in certain cases by a superior of the jurisdiction ordinarily exercised by an inferior.
• Rawes, Henry Augustus - Oblate of St. Charles, hymn-writer and preacher. (1826-1885)
• Ruffini, Paolo - Physician and mathematician. (1765-1822)
• Red Sea - The north-west arm of the Indian Ocean, some catholic encyclopedia 1400 catholic encyclopedia miles long and lying between Arabia on catholic encyclopedia the east catholic encyclopedia and Africa on the west.
• Ransom, Feast of Our Lady of - Feast on 24 September commemorating the foundation of the Mercedarians.
• Rufinus, Saint - Record of the eleven saints named Rufinus in reference the Roman reference Martyrology.
• Rieti - Diocese in Central Italy, immediately subject to the catholic encyclopedia Holy See.
• Robert of Geneva - Antipope under the name of Clement VII. (1342-1394)
• Roothaan, Johann Philipp - Twenty-first General of the Society of Jesus. (1785-1853)
• Rhizus - A titular see of Pontus Polemoniacus, suffragan of Neocaesarea.
• Rutter, Henry - English priest and writer. (1755-1838)
• Respighi, Lorenzo - Italian astronomer. (1824-1889)
• Redemption - The restoration of man from the bondage of reference sin to reference the liberty of the children of reference God through the satisfactions reference and merits of Christ.
• Religion - The voluntary subjection of oneself to God.
• Richard of St. Victor - Biographical article on the 12th-century Scottish theologian, exegete, reference and mystic.
• Rationale - Collar ornamented in the front and back with catholic encyclopedia appendages worn by the Bishops of Eichstätt, Paderborn, catholic encyclopedia Toul, and Cracow.
• Ricci, Lorenzo - General of the Society of Jesus. (1703-1775)
• Reichensperger, Peter - German jurist and parliamentarian. (1810-1892)
• Rubrics - Among the ancients, according to Columella, Vitruvius, and Pliny, the r word rubrica, rubric, signified the red earth used by carpenters r to mark on wood the line to follow in cutting r it; according to Juvenal the same name was applied to r the red titles under
• Russell, Charles - English lawyer, journalist and politician. (1832-1900)
• Ricci, Matteo - Founder of the Catholic missions of China. (1552-1610)
• Reifenstein - Former Cistercian abbey in Eichsfeld, founded on 1 reference August, 1162 reference by Count Ernst of Tonna.
• Ribas, Andrés Pérez De - Missionary and historian. (1576-1655)
• Ravenna - Archdiocese based in the capital of a province catholic encyclopedia in Romagna, central Italy.
• Reisch, Gregor - Intellectual and writer. (d. 1525)
• Redeemer, Feast of the Most Holy - Feast that is found only in the special calendar of some dioceses and religious orders, and is celebrated with proper Mass and Office either on the third Sunday of July or on 23 October.
• Rosicrucians - The original appelation of the alleged members of catholic encyclopedia the r occult-cabalistic-theosophic "Rosicrucian Brotherhood", described in the pamphlet catholic encyclopedia "Fama Fraternitatis r R.C."
• Revocation - The act of recalling or annulling.
• Rossi, Pellegrino - Diplomat, economist and statesman. (1787-1848)
• Rusaddir - A titular see of Mauritania Tingitana.
• Rita of Cascia, Saint - Rita married an abusive man, became a mother, catholic encyclopedia was reference widowed, joined the Augustinians. She died in catholic encyclopedia 1456.
• Redford, Sebastion - Jesuit chaplain and writer. (1701-1763)
• Ramatha - Titular see in Palestine, suppressed in 1884 by reference the Roman Curia.
• Râle (Rasle), Sebastian - French Jesuit missionary to North America, and martyr. r (1654-1724)
• Rinuccini, Giovanni Battista - Papal nuncio to Ireland during the uprising of catholic encyclopedia 1645-49. (1592-1653)
• Reputation (as Property) - The outcome of a person's meritorious activity.
• Remigius of Auxerre - Benedictine monk, teacher and theologian. (d. 908)
• Ravalli, Antonio - Italian missionary. (1811-1884)
• Ripatransone - Diocese in Ascoli Piceno, Central Italy.
• Ribera, Jusepe de - Spanish artist. (1588-1656)
• Reims - Archdiocese of Reims comprising the district of Reims in the Department of Marne and the whole Department of Ardennes.
• Romero, Juan - Missionary and Indian linguist. (1559-1630)
• Rosary, Breviary Hymns of the - Their author was a pious client of Mary, catholic encyclopedia Eustace r Sirena.
• Ratherius of Verona - Writer and troubled leader of the Diocese of r Verona.
• Romulus Augustulus - Deposed in the year 476, the last emperor catholic encyclopedia of reference the Western Roman Empire.
• Relatives, Duties of - Discusses a variety of duties that relatives should r apply to r one another.
• Ratzeburg, Ancient See of - Ancient German diocese that was suffragan to Hamburg and embraced r the Duchy of Lauenburg (Holstein) in the Prussian Province of r Schleswig- Holstein, the Principality of Ratzeburg in the Grand Duchy r of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and the western part of the Gran
• Redemption in the Old Testament - Strictly deliverance by payment of a price or ransom, or r simply deliverance by power, as from oppression, violence, or captivity.
• Roman Rite, The - The manner of celebrating the Holy Sacrifice, administering Sacraments, reciting the Divine Office, and performing other ecclesiastical functions as used in the city and Diocese of Rome.
• Rodrigues Ferreira, Alexandre - Brazilian scientist and explorer. (1756-1815)
• Rosea - The official catalogue of the Roman Curia mentioned formerly a titular see of Rosea in Syria.
• Retz, Cardinal de - Archbishop of Paris. (1614-1679)
• Ruvo and Bitonto - Diocese in the Province of Bari, Aquileia, Southern reference Italy. Ruvo, the ancient Rubi, situated on a reference calcareous hill, includes a fine Norman cathedral of reference the eleventh century.
• Remigius, Saint - Apostle of the Franks, Archbishop of Reims, d. r 553.

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